Antibiotcs

Macrolides and tetracyclines are antibiotics that have a range of anti-inflammatory properties beyond their microbial capabilities. Although these antibiotics have been in widespread use, the long-term safety profiles are limited. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that compared macrolides or tetracyclines with placeboes to provide long-term safety information. We searched Medline and EMBASE from inception to October 2022 and identified studies that reported study drug-related death, serious adverse events (SAEs), or withdrawal rates, and common adverse effects of each drug...

Background: Fluoroquinolones are one of the most prescribed antimicrobials in the United States and have been increasingly used in inpatient and outpatient settings to treat various infectious diseases syndromes. Due to the unwanted collateral effects on antibiotic resistance, poor susceptibility rates among Gram-negative pathogens, and adverse effects, fluoroquinolones are often targeted by hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs to prevent overutilization. This study describes the association of nonrestrictive antimicrobial stewardship interventions at 2 nonacademic community hospitals on levofloxacin utilization, prescribing patterns on alternative antibiotics, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa nonsusceptibility rates to levofloxacin...

Antibiotic-tolerant bacterial biofilms are notorious in causing PJI. Antibiotic loaded calcium sulfate bead (CSB) bone void fillers and PMMA cement and powdered vancomycin (VP) have been used to achieve high local antibiotic concentrations; however, the effect of drainage on concentration is poorly understood. We designed an in vitro flow reactor which provides post-surgical drainage rates after knee revision surgery to determine antibiotic concentration profiles. Tobramycin and vancomycin concentrations were determined using LCMS, zones of inhibition confirmed potency and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) at various time points was used to compare applications...

AIM: This study aims to assess rates of antibiotic prescriptions and its determinants in in children with COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C). METHODS: Children <18 years-old assessed in five Latin Americas countries with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or MIS-C were enrolled. Antibiotic prescriptions and factors associated with their use were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 990 children were included: 921 (93%) with COVID-19, 69 (7...

In search of new anti-tuberculars compatible with anti-retroviral therapy we re-identified amicetin as a lead compound. Amicetin's binding to the 70S ribosomal subunit of Thermus thermophilus (Tth) has been unambiguously determined by crystallography and reveals it to occupy the peptidyl transferase center P-site of the ribosome. The amicetin binding site overlaps significantly with that of the well-known protein synthesis inhibitor balsticidin S. Amicetin, however, is the first compound structurally characterized to bind to the P-site with demonstrated selectivity for the inhibition of prokaryotic translation...

Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are dangerous pathogens causing fungal diseases. C. albicans and C. neoformans developed resistance to fungicides such as fluconazole. Similarly, pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi have become resistant to antibiotcs such as methicillin. Thus, searching for alternative antimicrobial agents is inevitable. Tephrosia vogelii used traditionally for management of fungal and bacterial diseases is potential source of antimicrobial agents...

Nanozymes have emerged as a new generation of antibiotics with exciting broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and negligible biotoxicities. However, their antibacterial efficacies are unsatisfactory due to their inability to trap bacteria and their low catalytic activity. Herein, we report nanozymes with rough surfaces and defect-rich active edges. The rough surface increases bacterial adhesion and the defect-rich edges exhibit higher intrinsic peroxidase-like activity compared to pristine nanozymes due to their lower adsorption energies of H2 O2 and desorption energy of OH*, as well as the larger exothermic process for the whole reaction...

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis frequently related to chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often associated with exacerbation of intestinal disease and/or loss of treatment efficacy. However, in patients with comorbidities, such as diabetes, the diagnosis may be a challenge. Here, we report the case of a 68-year-old man with a history of ulcerative rectocolitis (URC), type II diabetes and arterial hypertension, who had been treated with infliximab and adalimumab in the past. In September 2017, patient developed an erythematous, infiltrated and painful lesion of the third distal part of his left leg, with ulcerative evolution, rapidly worsened despite a broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment had been introducted...

Now-a-days development of microbial resistancce have become one of the most important global public health concerns. It is estimated that about 2 million people are infected in USA with multidrug resistant bacteria and out of these, about 23,000 die per year. In Europe, the number of deaths associated with infection caused by MDR bacteria is about 25,000 per year, However, the situation in Asia and other devloping countries is more critical. Considering the increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in various pathogens, it is estimated that MDR organisms can kill about 10 million people every year by 2050...

The present study examined the use of antibiotics with respect to the rate of Chlamydia trachomatis positivity. Our subjects were 282 sexually active Turkish females between the ages of 15 and 42. Endocervical samples were investigated in 60 women with pelvic inflammatory diseases (PIDs), 90 infertile patients (IPs), 92 registered commercial sex workers (CSWs), and 40 intrauterine device (IUD) users. All samples were analyzed using direct immunofluorescence test techniques for the presence of C. trachomatis antigen, which was found in 12...

The antimicrobial effect of cationic surface-active substances, such as cetylpyridinyi chloride, alkylmethylbenzylammonium chloride ("roccal" and "catamine AB") and chlorhexidine was studied in vitro. The above compounds had a high bactericidal activity against poly-resistant staphylococcal strains. In non-bactericidal concentrations they significantly increased the efficacy of antibiotcs with different modes of action, i.e. penicillins, tetracyclines, amino-glycosides, macrolides. The effect of the cationic surface-active substances increasing the antibiotic activity against staphylococci did not depend on the resistance type, i...