Gluts

This study explored the effect of intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) on cardiorenal tissues. The involvement of xanthine oxidase/uric acid/NF-kB signaling in intestinal I/R was also investigated. In addition, the possible protective effect of glutamine was also evaluated. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were acclimatized and then randomly assigned to four groups (n = 6); sham-operated, glutamine-treated rats (GLUT), I/R, and I/R + GLUT. The sham-operated rats were sham-operated and received 0.5 mL of distilled water, GLUT rats were sham-operated and had 1 g/kg b...

INTRODUCTION: Pheophorbide A, a chlorophyll-breakdown product, is primarily investigated for its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Recent reports on pheophorbide A have shown its potential in lowering blood glucose levels, thus leading to the exploration of its use in diabetes management. Literature has also shown its effect on enhanced insulin secretion, whereas its mechanism on glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β cells remains unexplored. METHODS: In-silico and in-vitro investigations were used to explore the effect of pheophorbide A on class I glucose transporters (GLUTs)...

UNLABELLED: ims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined and comparative efficacy of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and curcumin in breast cancer. BACKGROUND: CAPE and curcumin are a class of phenolics. While curcumin is obtained from turmeric, CAPE is found in Baccharis sarothroides and Populus deltoides. Both agents are reported to produce activities in some cancer types. The combined and comparative effects of the two agents in breast cancer have not yet reported...

A glut of dinitrogen-derived ammonia (NH3) over the past century has resulted in a heavily imbalanced nitrogen cycle and consequently, the large-scale accumulation of reactive nitrogen such as nitrates in our ecosystems has led to detrimental environmental issues. Electrocatalytic upcycling of waste nitrogen back into NH3 holds promise in mitigating these environmental impacts and reducing reliance on the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Herein, we report a high-performance electrolyzer using an ultrahigh alkalinity electrolyte, NaOH-KOH-H2O, for low-cost NH3 electrosynthesis...

Cancer cells consume more glucose and usually overexpress glucose transporters which have become potential targets for the development of anticancer drugs. It has been demonstrated that selective SGLT2 inhibitors, such as canagliflozin and dapagliflozin, display anticancer activity. Here we demonstrated that canagliflozin and dapagliflozin synergistically enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of paclitaxel in cancer cells including ovarian cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Canagliflozin also inhibited glucose uptake via GLUTs...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a commonly observed complication associated with obesity. The effect of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a promising therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders, on pancreatic β cells in obesity-associated T2DM remains poorly understood. METHODS: Human pancreatic β cells were cultured with high glucose (HG) and palmitic acid (PA), followed by treatment with FGF19. The cell proliferation, apoptosis, and insulin secretion were evaluated by CCK-8, qRT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and western blotting...

Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to become "glycolysis-dominant," which enables them to meet their energy and macromolecule needs and enhancing their rate of survival. This glycolytic-dominancy is known as the "Warburg effect", a significant factor in the growth and invasion of malignant tumors. Many studies confirmed that members of the GLUT family, specifically HK-II from the HK family play a pivotal role in the Warburg effect, and are closely associated with glucose transportation followed by glucose metabolism in cancer cells...

Opisthorchis viverrini infection and the subsequent bile duct cancer it induces remains a significant public health problem in Southeast Asia. Opisthorchiasis has been reported to cause reduced plasma glucose levels among infected patients. The underlying mechanism for this phenomenon is unclear. In the present study, evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that O. viverrini exploits host cholangiocyte glucose transporters (GLUTs) in a similar manner to that of rodent intestinal nematodes, to feed on unabsorbed glucose in the bile for survival...

Introduction: Plants and their extracts have been integral to the development of medicinal treatments throughout history, offering a vast array of compounds for innovative therapies. Baccaurea motleyana Müll. Arg., commonly known as Rambai, is an evergreen tree with economic importance in the Old-World Tropics. Method: The study investigates its phytochemical composition through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluates its pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and antidepressant effects...

Cancer reprogramming is an important facilitator of cancer development and survival, with tumor cells exhibiting a preference for aerobic glycolysis beyond oxidative phosphorylation, even under sufficient oxygen supply condition. This metabolic alteration, known as the Warburg effect, serves as a significant indicator of malignant tumor transformation. The Warburg effect primarily impacts cancer occurrence by influencing the aerobic glycolysis pathway in cancer cells. Key enzymes involved in this process include glucose transporters (GLUTs), HKs, PFKs, LDHs, and PKM2...

BACKGROUND: The first-line treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) involves surgical tumor resection, followed by adjuvant radio(chemo)therapy (R(C)T) in advanced cases. Neoadjuvant radio- and/or chemotherapy has failed to show improved survival in OSCC. Recently, neoadjuvant immunotherapy has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in phase 2 trials. In this context, the addition of radio- and chemotherapy is being reconsidered. Therefore, a better understanding of the tumor-biologic effects of neoadjuvant RCT would be beneficial...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Proinflammatory cytokines are increased in obese adipose tissue, including inflammasome key masters. Conversely, IL-18 protects against obesity and metabolic dysfunction. We focused on the IL-18 effect in controlling adipose tissue remodeling and metabolism. MATERIALS/SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We used C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and interleukine-18 deficient (IL-18-/- ) male mice fed a chow diet and samples from bariatric surgery patients. RESULTS: IL-18-/- mice showed increased adiposity and proinflammatory cytokine levels in adipose tissue, leading to glucose intolerance...

Obesity became a serious public health problem with enormous socioeconomic implications among the Egyptian population. The present investigation aimed to explore the efficacy of Zingiber officinale extract as a hypolipidemic agent combined with the commercially well-known anti-obesity drug simvastatin in obese rats. Thirty-five male Wister rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: group I received a standard balanced diet for ten weeks; high-fat diet was orally administered to rats in groups II-V for ten weeks...

Flavonoids have been reported to be vital in treating various chronic disorders. Luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid present in a variety of plant sources such as celery, green pepper, olive oil, peppermint, thyme, rosemary, oregano, etc. It has been reported to have various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, etc. Many scientific studies have been carried out on luteolin for its possible effects on diabetes and its associated complications...

OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative fluorescence imaging (FI) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is performed to identify tumour-positive surgical margins, currently using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as imaging target. EGFR, not exclusively present in HNSCC, may result in non-specific tracer accumulation in normal tissues. We aimed to identify new potential HNSCC FI targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Publicly available transcriptomic data were collected, and a biostatistical method (Transcriptional Adaptation to Copy Number Alterations (TACNA)-profiling) was applied...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Herein we assessed the feasibility of imaging protocols using both hypoxia-specific [18 F]F-FAZA and [18 F]F-FDG in bypassing the limitations derived from the non-specific findings of [18 F]F-FDG PET imaging of tumor-related hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CoCl2 -generated hypoxia was induced in multidrug resistant (Pgp+) or sensitive (Pgp-) human ovarian (Pgp- A2780, Pgp+ A2780AD), and cervix carcinoma (Pgp- KB-3-1, Pgp+ KB-V-1) cell lines to establish corresponding tumor-bearing mouse models...

Recent findings suggest that uncarboxylated osteocalcin (GluOC) promotes glucose and lipid metabolism via its putative receptor GPRC6A; however, its direct effect on adipocytes remains elusive. In this study, we elucidated the effects of GluOC on adipocytes, with an emphasis on the role of cell adhesion molecules. We determined that GluOC promoted the expression of adipocyte adhesion molecule (ACAM) and its transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 and enhanced the cortical actin filament assembly, which ameliorated lipid droplet hypertrophy...

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that mutations in several genes disrupt oxidative metabolism, increasing the risk of developing tumors and their malignancy in patients with a family predisposition to cancer. The purpose of our study was to assess the characteristics of oxidative metabolism in patients with malignant and benign tumor with and without a family history of cancer and identify the marker predicting the likelihood of malignancy. METHODS: We conducted a study on patients with thyroid pathology (thyrotoxicosis, benign tumor pathology of the thyroid gland, and thyroid cancer) who underwent treatment at LLC "Oncology Scientific Research Center" in Tbilisi, Georgia between 2020-2021...

Bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV) replacement has been the predominant treatment for severe heart valve diseases over decades. Most clinically available BHVs are crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GLUT), while the high toxicity of residual GLUT could initiate calcification, severe thrombosis, and delayed endothelialization. Here, we construed a mechanically integrating robust hydrogel-tissue hybrid to improve the performance of BHVs. In particular, recombinant humanized collagen type III (rhCOLIII), which was precisely customized with anti-coagulant and pro-endothelialization bioactivity, was first incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogel via hydrogen bond interactions...

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the use of glucose transport protein 1 (GLUT-1) expression as a biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. GLUT-1 and GLUT-3, hexokinase (HK)-II, and hypoxia-induced factor (HIF)-1 expressions may be useful biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis when combined with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). AIM: To evaluate GLUT-1, GLUT-3, HK-II, and HIF-1 expressions as biomarkers for detecting primary tumors and lymph node metastasis with 18F-FDG-PET/CT...