carbohydrates counting

BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate counting (CC) and meal announcements, prior to eating, introduce a significant burden for individuals managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). An automated insulin delivery (AID) system with automatic bolusing that eliminates the need for CC and pre-meal bolusing (i.e., a hands-free closed-loop system) was assessed in a feasibility trial of adults with T1D. METHODS: The system included the MiniMed™ 780G pump and a smartphone-paired smartwatch with the Klue application (Klue, Inc...

The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic therapy for acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis (AOSC) in patients with different underlying conditions. The present study comprised 47 patients diagnosed with AOSC, with a mean age of 70±14 years. Minimally invasive endoscopic treatments, including endoscopic duodenal papillary sphincterotomy, endoscopic duodenal nasobiliary drainage and/or placement of an endobiliary duct stent drainage tube, were performed...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks highly in malignant tumor incidence and mortality rates, severely affecting human health. The predictive value of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in CRC prognosis is gaining attention, but there is limited research on the combined preoperative and postoperative SII. This study aims to explore the prognostic value of combined SII on disease-free survival (DFS) in patients undergoing radical surgery for rectal cancer. METHODS: We enrolled 292 patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical resection at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from May 2018 to September 2020, along with regular follow-ups to document the DFS...

(1) There is growing concern surrounding the adverse effects of prolonged sitting on health, yet its impact on post-exercise recovery remains relatively unexplored. This study aimed to better understand the potential influence of habitual prolonged sitting on recovery time and the unfavorable impact prolonged sitting may have on time to recovery, as assessed by muscle damage and inflammatory markers and an isokinetic dynamometer. (2) Nine college-age men (mean age ± SD = 22.1 ± 3.1 years, body mass = 80...

INTRODUCTION: Multiple automated insulin delivery (AID) systems have become commercially available following randomised controlled trials demonstrating benefits in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, their real-world utility may be undermined by user-associated burdens, including the need to carbohydrate count and deliver manual insulin boluses. There is an important need for a 'fully automated closed loop' (FCL) AID system, without manual mealtime boluses. The (Closed Loop Open SourcE In Type 1 diabetes) trial is a randomised trial comparing an FCL AID system to the same system used as a hybrid closed loop (HCL) in people with T1D, in an outpatient setting over an extended time frame...

Optimal nutrition in early childhood increases growth and development while preventing morbidity and mortality in later life. This study focused on the quality and safety of 32 commercially produced complementary foods collected from supermarkets in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre, and ash); and the mineral profile (calcium, iron, zinc, manganese, and magnesium) were determined using the AOAC method. The determination of antinutritional factors (Condensed tannin and oxalate) was done using a UV spectrophotometer...

Background and Aims: Carbohydrate counting is a well-established tool for self-management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and can improve glycemic control and potentially reduce long-term complication risk. However, it can also be burdensome, error-prone, and complicated for the patient. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate glycemic control with carbohydrate counting ("flex") versus simplified meal announcement ("fix") in adolescents with T1D using the MiniMed™ 780G system. The present study reports follow-up data to 12 months...

The use of automated insulin delivery (AID) has led to a decrease in the burden of diabetes, allowing for better sleep, decreased anxiety about hypoglycemia, and automatic corrections doses, and meal recognition algorithms have provided "forgiveness" for imprecise carbohydrate (CHO) entries and missed or late meal boluses. We provide a case report and review of the current literature assessing the effect of AID on the burden of meal bolus. The case also demonstrates how sensor and pump data provide insight into insulin bolus behavior, and access to integrated cloud-based data has allowed for virtual patient visits...

Artificial insemination (AI) technology has greatly promoted the development of the chicken industry. Recently, AI technology has also begun to be used in the duck industry, but there are some problems. Numerous researchers have shown that microbes colonizing in semen can degrade semen quality, and AI can increase the harmful microbial load in hen's reproductive tract. Different from the degraded external genitalia of roosters, drakes have well-developed external genitalia, which may cause drake semen to be more susceptible to microbial contamination...

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed at evaluating the microbial quality and proximate analysis of soymilk produced and sold within Calabar Metropolis. METHODOLOGY: Soymilk samples were purchased in pairs from five locations in Calabar Metropolis. The samples collected were subjected to microbiological and proximate analysis to ascertain the hygienic standards of the products and nutrient contents. RESULTS: The result showed that the highest heterotrophic bacterial count of 5...

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a serious healthcare-associated disease, causing symptoms such as diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. The major virulence factors responsible for the disease symptoms are two secreted cytotoxic proteins, TcdA and TcdB. A parenteral vaccine based on formaldehyde-inactivated TcdA and TcdB supplemented with alum adjuvant, has previously been investigated in humans but resulted in an insufficient immune response. In search for an improved response, we investigated a novel toxin inactivation method and a novel, potent adjuvant...

Many individuals with diabetes on multiple daily insulin injections therapy use carbohydrate ratios (CRs) and correction factors (CFs) to determine mealtime and correction insulin boluses. The CRs and CFs vary over time due to physiological changes in individuals' response to insulin. Errors in insulin dosing can lead to life-threatening abnormal glucose levels, increasing the risk of retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Here, we present a novel learning algorithm that uses Q-learning to track optimal CRs and uses nearest-neighbors based Q-learning to track optimal CFs...

OBJECTIVE: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the fifth most important grain produced in the world. Interest for cultivating sorghum is increasing all over the world in the context of climate change, due to its low input and water requirements. Like other cultivated cereals, sorghum has significant nutritional value thanks to its protein, carbohydrate and dietary fiber content, these latter mainly consisting of cell wall polysaccharides. This work describes for the first time a transcriptomic analysis dedicated to identify the genes involved in the biosynthesis and remodelling of cell walls both in the endosperm and outer layers of sorghum grain during its development...

Garlic ( Allium sativum ) is a key ingredient in Korean cuisine, particularly in the preparation of kimchi, contributing to its flavor and taste. Garlic has been a potential resource for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in kimchi. However, the mechanism by which it influences microbial diversity and metabolite production is unclear. This study investigated the effect of garlic on the bacterial composition of and metabolite changes in kimchi. To achieve this, four separate batches of kimchi were prepared with varying garlic concentrations (w/w): 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 4 %, and the bacterial communities and metabolite production were monitored...

PURPOSE: To examine the recovery kinetics (i.e. time-dependent changes) of performance-related variables between two 120-min male football games performed three days apart with and without carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation. METHODS: 20 male players (20 ± 1 years; body fat: 14.9 ± 5.1%; VO2max: 59.4 ± 3.7 mL•kg-1•min-1) participated in two 120-min football games (G1, G2) according to a randomized, two-trial, repeated measures, cross-over, double-blind design...

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a genetically-modified corn hybrid with α-amylase expressed in the kernel (AMY) on fermentation profile, aerobic stability, nutrient composition, and starch disappearance of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) and earlage. Both hybrids, AMY and its isogenic counterpart (ISO), were grown in 10 replicated plots (5 for WPCS and 5 for earlage). Samples of each plot were collected at harvest, homogenized, and divided into 5 subsamples which were randomly assigned to 5 storage lengths (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 d)...

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) due to eutrophication are becoming a serious ecological disaster worldwide, threatening human health and the optimal balance of aquatic ecosystems. The traditional approaches to eradicate HABs yield several drawbacks in practical application, while microbial algicidal technology is garnering mounting recognition due to its high efficiency, eco-friendliness, and low cost. In our previous study, we isolated a bacterium strain Raoultella sp. S1 from eutrophic water with high efficiency of algicidal properties...

One way to improve the quality of food products is by conducting more thorough research on regional foods. This approach has several benefits, such as promoting human health, supporting the local economy, and preserving cultural food traditions. In this regard, our study investigated the potential of nectarine powder as a regional fruit product that could be developed into a global innovation. The present study examined: the physicochemical composition, antioxidant activity, microbiological load, and adsorption and desorption characteristics of the nectarine powder...

The conventional management of hatchery residues is associated with greenhouse gas and unpleasant odor emissions, the presence of pathogens and high disposal costs for producers. To address these issues, on-farm alternatives like composting, fermentation, and insect valorization are promising approaches. This study aims to characterize hatchery residues and define critical quality thresholds to identify effective processes for their management. Hatchery residue samples were collected bi-monthly over a year (N = 24) and were analyzed for proximate composition (dry matter, ash, energy, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, carbohydrates), pH, color (L*a*b*, Chroma) and microbiological loads (total aerobic mesophilic counts, coliforms, lactic acid bacteria)...

AIMS: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), functional insulin therapy, based on carbohydrate (CH) counting and individualized insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, is essential to achieve an adequate metabolic control. However, to date, few tools have been validated to assess patients' knowledge about CH counting, with the AdultCarbQuiz questionnaire having proved to be a reliable method in an American cohort. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the AdultCarbQuiz questionnaire for the Portuguese population...