Creatinine

The share of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the spectrum of chronic dialysis has decreased markedly in the Netherlands in the last 15 years. Consequently, the knowledge of nephrologists and nursing staff on PD has declined leading to a negative spiral in which loss of experience resulted in loss of enthusiasm to offer PD to patients and also in less interest in the new PD developments. All these changes took place while the results of PD improved and patient survival was at least similar to that on haemodialysis...

The objective of the study was to investigate the nephroprotective activity of methanolic extract of different morphological parts (bract, flower, trachea and tracheal fluid) of Musa paradisiaca L. (Family: Musaceae) against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Gentamicin produced significant changes in biochemical (increased levels of blood urea nitrogen level, blood urea, and serum creatinine), and histological parameters in mice. Treatment with methanolic extract of bract (100 and 250mg/kg, b.w) and flowering stalk (trachea) (250 and 500mg/kg, b...

Hepatoprotective and reno-potective effect of Sargassum species was investigated in rats against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and acetaminophen (AAP) intoxication. The rats were given ethanol extracts of Sargassum ilicifolium, S. lanceolatum and S.swartzii orally at dose of 200mg/kg b.w. (body weight) daily for 14 days. These seaweed treated rats were then intoxicated with single intra-peritoneal dose of CCl4 or AAP on14th day. The administration of CCl4 and AAP caused significant (p<0.05) elevation in liver enzymes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and other biochemical parameters, bilirubin, glucose, triglyceride and kidney function markers: urea and creatinine...

New oral treatments are needed for all forms of leishmaniasis. Here, the improved oral efficacy of quercetin (Qc) and its penta-acetylated derivative (PQc) was evaluated in cutaneous leishmaniasis after encapsulation in lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCs) of poly(ε-caprolactone). Leishmania amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice were given 51 daily oral doses of free drugs (16 mg kg-1) or LNC-loaded drugs (0·4 mg kg-1). While treatment with free Qc reduced the lesion sizes and parasite loads by 38 and 71%, respectively, LNC-Qc produced 64 and 91% reduction, respectively...

BACKGROUND: To investigate relationships among urinary biomarkers [kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG)], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels and renal tubular injury in childhood urolithiasis. METHODS: Seventy children [36 girls, mean age: 7.3 ± 5.0 years (0.5-18.2)] with urolithiasis/microlithiasis and 42 controls [18 girls, mean age: 8.5 ± 3.8 years (0.9-16.2)] were included in this multicenter, controlled, prospective cohort study...

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure (ARF) developed due to various causes and may lead to significant morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to determine the incidence, etiology, outcome of treatment and clinical presentation of ARF in pediatric patients in Somalia. METHODS: Comprehensive case history of 39 pediatric patients below 12 years of age, admitted with renal diseases in four tertiary care hospitals in Hargeisa and Borama cities in Somalia during December 2015 to November 2016...

INTRODUCTION: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a leading cause of hospitalization and readmission in the US. The present study evaluated maximum diuresis while minimizing electrolyte imbalances, hemodynamic instability, and kidney dysfunction, to achieve a euvolemic state safely in a shorter period of time. METHODS AND RESULTS: A protocol of combined therapy with furosemide, metolazone, and spironolactone, with or without tolvaptan and acetazolamide, was used in 17 hospitalized patients with AHF...

OBJECTIVE: Vascular abnormality includes two forms, arteriosclerosis (ARS) and atherosclerosis (ATS), which coexist in patients with cardiovascular (CV) diseases. However, whether their combination may lead to a worsening status in those patients remains unclear. We therefore aimed to investigate the association of ARS and/or ATS with hypertensive target organ damage (TOD). METHODS: From June 2014 to August 2015, a total of 1,599 community-dwelling elderly subjects (aged >65 years) from northern Shanghai were recruited...

BACKGROUND: A calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based immunosuppression combined with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORs) seems to be attractive in patients after heart transplantation (HTX) in special clinical situations, for example, in patients with adverse drug effects of prior immunosuppression. Previous studies in patients after HTX detected advantageous effects regarding renal function of a tacrolimus (TAC)-based vs cyclosporine-A (CSA)-based immunosuppression (in combination with mycophenolate mofetil)...

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of combined directly acting antivirals (DAAs) for the treatment of Chinese chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients in a real-world setting. METHODS: Hospitalized CHC patients who were treated with DAAs at Peking University First Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 were enrolled. Samples and clinical data were collected at 0 wk, 2 wk, 4 wk, 8 wk, 12 wk, or 24 wk during DAAs treatment and at 4 wk, 12 wk, and 24 wk after the end of treatment...

OBJECTIVES: We previously reported that compared with night sleep, day sleep among shift workers was associated with reduced urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), potentially reflecting a reduced ability to repair 8-OH-dG lesions in DNA. We identified the absence of melatonin during day sleep as the likely causative factor. We now investigate whether night work is also associated with reduced urinary excretion of 8-OH-dG. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, 50 shift workers with the largest negative differences in night work versus night sleep circulating melatonin levels (measured as 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in urine) were selected from among the 223 shift workers included in our previous study...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether von Willebrand factor (vWF) and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) were associated with severity and clinical outcome of scrub typhus and to seek novel biomarkers for surveillance and prognosis prediction of this infection. METHODS: Serum concentrations of vWF and HMGB1 were measured twice by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for scrub typhus patients (n = 103), one prior to doxycycline therapy and the other at the 7th day of doxycycline therapy, and once for health controls (n = 32)...

INTRODUCTION: Ureterocalicostomy (UC) is a well-established treatment option for patients with recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) with postoperative fibrosis and a relatively inaccessible renal pelvis. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcome of UC and factors predicting its failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data of 72 patients who underwent open or laparoscopic UC from 2000 to 2014. Variables that may affect the outcomes of UC were assessed with regard to primary pathology, age, serum creatinine, preoperative renal size (<15 cm and > 15 cm), renal cortical thickness (<5mm and >5 mm), grade of hydronephrosis and preoperative renal function (GFR < or >20 ml/min)...

BACKGROUND: Anesthesiologists administer excess supplemental oxygen (hyper-oxygenation) to patients during surgery to avoid hypoxia. Hyper-oxygenation, however, may increase the generation of reactive oxygen species and cause oxidative damage. In cardiac surgery, increased oxidative damage has been associated with postoperative kidney and brain injury. We hypothesize that maintenance of normoxia during cardiac surgery (physiologic oxygenation) decreases kidney injury and oxidative damage compared to hyper-oxygenation...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the physiological, biochemical and haemodynamic response to a single intravenous (IV) dose of frusemide in critically patients. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: A prospective observational study of 21 critically ill patients in a tertiary intensive care unit in Australia. INTERVENTIONS: We collected information on urine output (UO), fluid balance, serum and urinary electrolyte levels, serum biochemical levels and haemodynamics...

INTRODUCTION: The best method for assessing renal function after partial nephrectomy (PN) continues to be a matter of debate. Early studies evaluated kidney function by measuring serum creatinine (sCr) and/or the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), potentially underestimating the contribution of the contralateral kidney in masking alterations in renal function. Since then, researchers have studied the operated renal unit with the aid of nuclear renal scans (RS). However, taking into consideration the importance of the amount of renal parenchyma spared or sacrificed during PN, many novel methods have been proposed for determining kidney volume before and after PN...

Aims: Alcoholism may be a cardiovascular risk factor. Osteocyte derived molecules such as fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) and soluble α Klotho have recently been associated with cardiovascular disease, but their role in alcoholics is unknown. We here analyze the behavior of FGF23 and α Klotho in alcoholics. Methods: Ninety-seven alcoholic patients were assessed for liver function, presence of hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), vascular calcifications (assessed by chest X-ray) and nutritional status (lean and fat mass measured by densitometry)...

BACKGROUND: Not only is there a limited number of studies on the effects of vasodilator β-blocker (VBB) therapy on kidney function - specifically, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine (sCr) and proteinuria - but of those that have been reported, the results are mixed. This meta-analysis seeks to assess the efficacy of VBBs on selected renal parameters in hypertensive patients. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis of any prospective trial that provided both baseline and follow-up of at least 4 weeks of VBB therapy - carvedilol, labetalol, dilevalol, nebivolol and celiprolol in patients with hypertension...

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Previously, we have demonstrated that the seeds of Euterpe oleracia Mart. (açaí) are rich in polyphenols with antihypertensive and antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the renal protective effects of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the seeds of açaí (ASE) fruits in two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension. Young male Wistar rats were used to obtain 2K1C and sham groups. Animals received ASE (200 mg/(kg·day) in drinking water) or vehicle for 40 days. We evaluated serum and urinary parameters, renal structural changes, and oxidative status...