Red skin syndrome

Introduction: Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) is a debilitating neuropathic painful condition associated with allodynia, hyperalgesia, sudomotor and/or vasomotor dysfunctions, turning investigation of its pathophysiology and new therapeutic strategies into an essential topic. We aim to investigate the impact of ischemia/reperfusion injury on the immunocontent of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor isoforms in the paws of mice submitted to a chronic postischemia pain (CPIP) model and the effects of local administration of cannabidiol (CBD) on mechanical hyperalgesia...

BACKGROUND: Multiple primary melanoma (MPM) is a diagnostic challenge even with ancillary imaging technologies available to dermatologists. In selected patients' phenotypes, the use of imaging approaches can help better understand lesion characteristics, and aid in early diagnosis and management. METHODS: Under a 5-year prospective single-center follow-up, 58 s primary melanomas (SPMs) were diagnosed in two first-degree relatives, with fair skin color, red hair, green eyes, and personal history of one previous melanoma each...

Pilar leiomyoma or piloleiomyoma is a benign neoplasm of the smooth muscle arising from the arrector pili muscle. It manifests as brown to red firm papulonodules with sites of predilection being the face, trunk, and extensor surfaces of the extremities. Histologically, the lesions exhibit ill-defined dermal tumors with interlacing fascicles of spindle cells. Some genodermatoses are characterized by the development of visceral tumors and cutaneous leiomyomatosis such as Reed's syndrome, and hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC)...

A young male in his early 30s presented with spontaneous left eye redness for three months associated with blood-stained eye discharge. There was no history of trauma, blood dyscrasias, or anticoagulant intake. On examination, visual acuity was normal in both eyes. An anterior segment examination of the left eye showed subconjunctival hemorrhage with a fleshy bright red conjunctival mass hidden in the inferotemporal fornix. Other parts of the ocular examination including the contralateral eye were unremarkable...

BACKGROUND: Congenital telangiectatic erythema (CTE), also known as Bloom syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by below-average height, a narrow face, a red skin rash occurring on sun-exposed areas of the body, and an increased risk of cancer. CTE is one of many genodermatoses and photodermatoses associated with defects in DNA repair. CTE is caused by a mutation occurring in the BLM gene, which causes abnormal breaks in chromosomes. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the existing literature on CTE to provide additional insight into its heredity, the spectrum of clinical presentations, and the management of this disorder...

OBJECTIVE: Thyroid nodules are common and sometimes associated with cosmetic issues. Surgical treatment has several disadvantages, including visible scarring. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a recent noninvasive treatment for thyroid nodules. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HIFU for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies evaluating the outcomes of HIFU for patients with benign thyroid nodules...

INTRODUCTION: Non-melanoma skin cancer within previously irradiated areas presents a common challenge, requiring innovative therapies. Complex scenarios, like XRT-induced basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or Gorlin's syndrome, often involve multiple synchronous tumor lesions where photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a viable therapeutic alternative. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 49-year-old male with a history of XRT for brain tumors. The patient was undergoing treatment for recurrent basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in the right temporal irradiated area, unresponsive to conventional treatments...

Amphibians generally have three types of pigment cells, namely melanophores (black and brown), xanthophores (yellow and red), and iridophores (iridescent). Single knockout of the tyr, slc2a7, and hps6 genes in Xenopus tropicalis results in the absence of melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores, respectively. The generation of triple- knockout (3KO) X. tropicalis for these three genes could allow for observation of internal organs without sacrificing the animals, which would be transparent due to the absence of pigments...

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is a multi-system disorder mostly caused by inborn errors of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and usually manifested as complex neurological disorder and muscle weakness. Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) syndrome is one of the major subtypes of mitochondrial disease associated with the m.8344A>G mutation in mitochondrial tRNALys gene. In addition to the symptoms in central nervous and muscle systems, a portion of the patients may develop hearing loss, which has been linked to the genetic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) especially in the mitochondrial ribosome RNA (rRNA) gene...

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Psoriasis is a chronic disease that is caused by multiple factors and is identified by itchiness, unpleasant, red, or white scaly patches on the skin, particularly on regularly chafed body regions such as the lateral areas of the limbs. Reports suggest that globally around 2%-3% of the population suffers from psoriasis. In this review, we have discussed the clinical classification of psoriasis and also the ideal characteristics of the biomarkers. An overview regarding the discovery of the biomarker and method for validating the study has been discussed...

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a dreaded hypersensitivity reaction and a rare immune disorder. We present a Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by herbal kadha, which may be the first case. A ten-year-old boy presented with massive sloughing, redness, oedematous skin, an oral ulcer, and an inability to feed or drink for two days. The present symptoms started after 12 hours of consuming herbal Kadha, given by a private practitioner in clinics where he was treated for fever. After not responding to earlier treatment, the patient was referred to the present Institute...

BACKGROUND: Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF) syndrome is a rare inherited mitochondrial disease mainly caused by the m.8344A > G mutation in mitochondrial tRNALys gene, and usually manifested as complex neurological disorders and muscle weakness. Currently, the pathogenic mechanism of this disease has not yet been resolved, and there is no effective therapy for MERRF syndrome. In this study, MERRF patients-derived iPSCs were used to model patient-specific neurons for investigation of the pathogenic mechanism of neurological disorders in mitochondrial disease...

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) defined by the triad of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Microthrombi develop in the glomerular capillaries secondary to endothelial damage and exert shear stress on red blood cells, consume platelets, and contribute to renal dysfunction and failure. Per current understanding of pathophysiology, HUS is classified into infectious, secondary, and atypical disease. The most common etiology is infectious sequelae of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC); other causative organisms include shigella and salmonella...

Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome is a neutrophilic dermatosis presenting with flu-like symptoms, arthritis and skin lesions. The type of skin presentation varies although typically consists of red patches progressing into papulopustular-type lesions. Initially, the pathogenesis of the disease was linked exclusively to bariatric surgery, but more recent reports indicate the role of gastrointestinal diseases resulting in bacterial overgrowth and consequent translocation of bacteria into the bloodstream...

In recent years, there has been a noticeable development in oncological treatment, including chemotherapy and biological treatment. Despite their significant effectiveness, they are not free from side effects, such as allergic and dermatological reactions. These reactions can vary in severity and outcome, including potential death. Examples, among others, are type I-IV hypersensitivity reactions of various origins and skin reactions including rashes, itching and redness, but also severe cutaneous syndromes...

OBJECTIVE: To describe a 41-year-old woman with a history of Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), on treatment with daily subcutaneous injections of 600 mg of recombinant IL1RA (Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein), anakinra, since the age of 28, who presented with golf-ball size nodules at the anakinra injection sites, early satiety, new onset nephrotic syndrome in the context of normal markers of systemic inflammation. METHODS: Clinical history and histologic evaluation of biopsies of skin, gastric mucosa, and kidney with Congo-Red staining and proteomic evaluation of microdissected Congo Red-positive amyloid deposits by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry...

Febrile seizures, which are relatively common in young children, are often triggered by an infection and resolve quickly. Prompt presentation to a pediatric department is mandatory after any first seizure and every time for children ≤ 12 months. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases in childhood are able to cause seizures or other neurological disorders. Even the slightest suspicion of a seizure with CNS involvement must be promptly treated. In case of doubt, both an antiviral and an antibacterial treatment are started in parallel, which can be stopped after detecting the pathogen...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) is a capillary malformation characterized by congenital, reticulated, well-demarcated dark blue, red-purple, or violaceous macules or plaques, with a coarse fixed livedo pattern. Nearly always, contiguous areas of skin atrophy and/or ulceration are present. CMTC is usually localized but may rarely be generalized. Such generalized cases may be a feature of Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS). The nosologic confusion surrounding the term CMTC and uncertainty about the risk of associated abnormalities hinders the appropriate workup of patients and prognostic counseling for families...

Fat embolization syndrome (FES) is often seen as a complication of fractures and has been known to cause respiratory failure, rashes of the skin, thrombocytopenia, and neurological damage. Nontraumatic FES is uncommon and occurs due to bone marrow necrosis. Vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell patients secondary to steroid therapy is a rare entity and not widely acknowledged. We report a case of FES secondary to steroid therapy administered for a patient with intractable migraine. FES is an uncommon yet serious complication that occurs due to bone marrow necrosis and is usually associated with increased mortality or damaging neurologic sequelae for the surviving patient...