carotid intimal medial thickening

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) is caused by β-glucuronidase deficiency, resulting in lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and multisystemic disease. We present cardiovascular gross and histopathology findings from a 11-year-old MPS VII male, who expired after developing ventricular fibrillation following anesthesia induction. Gross anatomic observations were made at autopsy; postmortem formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of the carotid artery, aorta, myocardium, and valves were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Verhoeff-Van Gieson, CD68, and trichrome stains...

BACKGROUND: The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred form of hemodialysis access for patients with chronic kidney disease. However, AVFs are associated with significant problems including high incidence of both early and late failures, usually attributed to inadequate venous arterialization and neointimal hyperplasia, respectively. Understanding the cellular basis of venous remodeling in the setting of AVF could provide targets for improving AVF patency rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: A novel vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) lineage tracing reporter mouse, Myh11-Cre/ERT2-mTmG, was used to track mature VSMCs in a clinically relevant AVF mouse model created by a jugular vein branch end to carotid artery side anastomosis...

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare, segmental, nonatheromatous, and noninflammatory arterial disease of unknown etiology. It predominantly involves renal artery (60-75%) followed by extracranial part of the internal carotid artery and vertebral arteries (25-30%). The disease typically affects middle-aged women and involves intermediate-sized arteries throughout the body. There are rare case reports of extracranial FMD compounding a trauma case. A patient was brought to trauma center emergency with a history of fall from height...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) induces degradation of the low-density lipoprotein-receptor (LDLR). Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in human atherosclerotic plaques and cultured SMCs express PCSK9. The present study aimed at defining the role of PCSK9 on vascular response to injury. METHODS: Carotid neointimal lesions were induced by positioning a non-occlusive collar in PCSK9 knock-out (PCSK9-/- ) and wild type littermate (PCSK9+/+ ) mice...

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to analyse if there is a correlation between carotid intima medial thickening (CIMT) and Hcy in stroke patients. METHODOLOGY: We studied 100 consecutive cases of acute anterior circulation strokes at St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India. Fasting serum samples for homocysteine were sent within 24 hours of admission and all patients underwent a carotid Doppler scan and carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) was estimated on both sides...

OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerotic plaque development in the arterial wall is the result of complex interaction between the wall's endothelial layer and blood hemodynamics. However, the interaction between hemodynamic parameters and inflammation in plaque evolution is not yet fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between wall shear stress (WSS) and vessel wall inflammation during atherosclerotic plaque development in a minipig model of carotid stenosis...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although the recently marketed stent retriever thrombectomy devices have demonstrated a high recanalization rate and favorable clinical outcomes, there is a concern about the risks of intimal injuries when pulling out the stent in the unfolded position. In this study, the Solitaire Flow Restoration System and the Trevo retriever were used in a histopathological comparison of vascular injuries caused by stent retriever thrombectomy devices. METHODS: Rabbit carotid arteries were used in the experiments with stent retriever thrombectomy devices...

OBJECTIVES: Effective therapies to prevent vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are still lacking. α-Cyanoacrylate (α-CA, 99% n-octyl-α-cyanoacrylate + n-butyl-α-cyanoacrylate) has been increasingly used as a tissue sealant for wound closure because of its bacteriostatic, biodegradable and haemostatic properties. As a strong tissue adhesive, α-CA might prevent an arterial circulation-induced mechanical stretch on vein graft to attenuate intimal hyperplasia...

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between commonly used insulin resistance (IR) indices and the presence and extent of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis in a general population setting. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 762 volunteers from the ongoing epidemiological Cyprus Study (46.6% male; mean age=60.5±10.2). 1) Carotid intima-media thickness (IMTcc), 2) carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaque presence, 3) total plaque area in the carotid/femoral bifurcations (sum of the largest plaques in each carotid/femoral bifurcation-SPAcar/fem), and 4) total plaque area in both carotid and femoral bifurcations (sum of the areas of the largest plaques present in each of the four bifurcations-SPA) were measured using ultrasound at baseline...

BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology in children, and can cause the life-threatening complication of coronary artery aneurysm. Although a novel treatment strategy for patients with KD-caused vascular lesions is eagerly awaited, their molecular pathogenesis remains largely unknown. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a signaling molecule known to have roles in inflammation and tissue remodeling. The aim of this study was to elucidate significant involvement of JNK in the development of vascular lesions in a mouse model of KD...

OBJECTIVE: To investigated whether CBS3830, a highly selectively inhibitor of p38MAPK, could ameliorate inflammation and intimal hyperplasia in arterialized vein grafts (AVGs). METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a reversed right jugular vein to common carotid artery interposition graft and were randomly treatment with vehicle (control) or single-dose (3 mg/kg, preoperative) or double-dose (3 mg/kg, preoperative and 4 d postoperative) CBS3830. Twenty rats underwent sham operation...

Quantitative and qualitative evaluations of structure and composition are important in monitoring development of engineered vascular tissue both in vitro and in vivo. Destructive techniques are an obstacle for performing time-lapse analyses from a single sample or animal. This study demonstrates the ability of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) and ultrasound backscatter microscopy (UBM), as nondestructive and synergistic techniques, for compositional and morphological analyses of tissue grafts, respectively...

Background. Our goal was to compare the carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) of untreated pediatric patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), heterozygous familial hyperlipidemia (heFH), and MS+heFH against one another and against a control group consisting of healthy, normal body habitus children. Methods. Our population consisted of untreated pediatric patients (ages 5-20 yrs) who had CIMT measured in a standardized manner. Results. Our population included 57 with MS, 23 with heFH, and 10 with MS+heFH. The control group consisted of 84 children of the same age range...

Introduction. Histologic changes which occur in the tunica adventitia during initiation, progression, and complications of atherosclerosis are seldom reported. This study aimed at describing the features of atherosclerosis in the tunica adventitia of two of the commonly afflicted arteries, namely, left anterior descending coronary and common carotid in black Kenyans. Materials and Methods. Specimens from 108 individuals [76 males and 32 females, mean age 34.6] were processed for paraffin embedding. Seven micron thick sections were stained with Mason's trichrome and Haematoxylin/Eosin and examined with a light microscope...

Cognitive dysfunction constitutes a major non-motor manifestation of Parkinson disease (PD), but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Neurocirculatory abnormalities such as supine hypertension (SH) and orthostatic hypotension (OH), white matter hyperintensities upon magnetic resonance imaging, and dementia are inter-related in PD, even in patients with early, levodopa-untreated disease. These abnormalities might in turn be associated with carotid atherosclerosis which, by a variety of interacting means could contribute to repeated episodes of cerebral hypo- and hyper-perfusion...

Several observations suggest the expansion of a distinct medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) subset in atherosclerosis and restenosis. We characterized the phenotypic features of SMC subsets in cultures derived from human carotid endarterectomy specimens. Specimens comprised an undiseased portion (thin intimal thickening with the underlying media) and a diseased portion (atherosclerotic plaque with the underlying media). From plaque tissues of the diseased portion, only macrophage-derived foam cells were retrieved...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Although current therapies can reduce the risk for CVD, they are only given to patients who are considered to be at risk, and are therefore only beneficial if a patient's risk is accurately predicted before he or she sustains a cardiovascular (CV) event. Unfortunately, even relatively accurate risk factor analyses, such as the Reynolds Risk Score algorithm, fail to identify some patients who will sustain a CV event within 10 years...

Studies indicate that risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) or cardiovascular disease is detectable in childhood, though these disorders may not emerge until adulthood. This study was aimed to assess the markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with the family history of T2D from South Indian population. A total of 450 subjects were included in the study comprising Group I (n = 200) of T2D, Group II (n = 200) of age- and sex-matched healthy controls, Group III (n = 25) of children of T2D patients and Group IV (n = 25) of children of healthy controls...

OBJECTIVE: Intimal thickening is considered to result from the dedifferentiation of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype, and their subsequent migration and proliferation. It is unknown whether nectin-like molecule (Necl)-5, which is overexpressed in cancer cells, is involved in intimal thickening. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Necl-5 was upregulated in mouse carotid artery after ligation. Compared with wild-type mice, intimal thickening after carotid artery ligation was milder in Necl-5 knockout mice...

OBJECTIVE: Following bypass surgery vein grafts undergo a remodelling process that can lead to restenosis and ultimately vein graft failure. Signalling through mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is a key mechanism involved in vein graft failure. Here, we investigated whether CBS3830 (c-a-i-r biosciences GmbH, Tübingen, Germany), a new highly selectively inhibitor of p38 MAPK, has a significant effect on inhibiting intimal, medial and adventitial hyperplasia. METHODS: Sixty specific pathogen free Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups...