EMT Basic

Glioma cells are characterized by high migration ability, resulting in the aggressive growth of the tumors and poor prognosis of patients. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the most important steps for tumor migration and metastasis and be elevated during glioma progression and recurrence. Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and a key transcription factor involved in the process of EMT. Twist1 is related to glioma mesenchymal change, invasion, heterogeneity, self-renewal of tumor stem cells, angiogenesis, etc...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major health problem worldwide, being the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with limited treatment options, especially in its advanced stages. Tumor resistance is closely associated with the activation of the EMT phenomenon and its reversal, being modulated by different molecules, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Noncoding RNAs have the potential to function as both tumor suppressors and oncogenic molecules, controlling the malignant potential of HCC cells. Basically, these molecules circulate in the tumor microenvironment, encapsulated in exosomes...

The metastasis a major hallmark of tumors that its significant is not only related to the basic research, but clinical investigations have revealed that majority of cancer deaths are due to the metastasis. The metastasis of tumor cells is significantly increased due to EMT mechanism and therefore, inhibition of EMT can reduce biological behaviors of tumor cells and improve the survival rate of patients. One of the gaps related to cancer metastasis is lack of specific focus on the EMT regulation in certain types of tumor cells...

As the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019. It has brought great challenges and harms to global public health. SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lungs and is mainly manifested as pulmonary disease. However, one of the biggest crises arises from the emergence of COVID-19-induced fibrosis. At present, there are still many questions about how COVID-19 induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) occurs and how to treat and regulate its long-term effects...

Airway remodelling occurs in chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is characterized by aberrant activation of epithelial reparation, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and airway obstruction. The master regulator is Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), which activates tissue repair, release of growth factors, EMT, increased cell proliferation, and reduced nitric oxide (NO) secretion...

Understanding the function and mode of operation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer is of growing interest. The short non-coding RNAs known as miRNAs, which target mRNA in multicellular organisms, are described as controlling essential cellular processes. The miR-181 family and miR-633 are well-known miRNAs that play a key role in the development and metastasis of tumor cells. They may facilitate either tumor-suppressive or oncogenic function in malignant cells, according to mounting evidence. Metastatic cells that are closely linked to cancer cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis can be identified by abnormal levels of miR-181 and miR-633...

Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) modulates diverse cell functions that contribute to both tumor-suppressor and pro-oncogenic effects, depending on the cellular context. We show here that PML knockdown (KD) in MDA-MB-231, but not MCF7, breast cancer cells, prolonged stem-cell-like survival, and increased cell proliferation and migration, which is in line with gene-enrichment results from their RNA sequencing analysis. Of note, increased migration was accompanied by higher levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulator Twist-related protein 2 (TWIST2)...

PURPOSE: To explore the key genes and molecular pathways in the progression of thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) promoted by testosterone using RNA-sequencing technology, and to provide new drug targets for improving the therapeutic effect of PTC. METHODS: Orchiectomy (ORX) was carried out to construct ORX mouse models. TPC-1 cells were subcutaneously injected for PTC formation in mice, and the tumor tissues were collected for RNA-seq. The key genes were screened by bioinformatics technology...

OBJECTIVES: Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (ISLR) gene in gastric cancer and examine whether ISLR could interact with N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5) to affect the malignant progression of gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of ISLR and MGAT5 in human normal gastric epithelial cells and human gastric cancer cells, and the transfection efficiency of ISLR interference plasmids and MGAT5 overexpression plasmids were all detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot...

OBJECTIVES: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease. Despite the promising anti-fibrotic effect, the toleration of pirfenidone (PFD) by the patients in full dose is low. Combination therapy is a method for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of PFD and decreasing its dose. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of a combination of losartan (LOS) and PFD on oxidative stress parameters and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process induced by bleomycin (BLM) in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignancies globally. Besides early detection and surgical resection, there is currently no effective curative treatment for metastatic advanced LC. Exosomes are endogenous nano-extracellular vesicles produced by somatic cells that play an important role in the development and maintenance of normal physiology. Exosomes can carry proteins, peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, and various small molecules for intra- and intercellular material transport or signal transduction...

INTRODUCTION: Tumor progression is driven by intrinsic malignant behaviors caused by gene mutation or epigenetic modulation, as well as crosstalk with the components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Considering the current understanding of the tumor microenvironment, targeting the immunomodulatory stromal cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) could provide a potential therapeutic strategy. Here, we investigated the effect of sulfatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of FGFR1, CSF1R, and VEGFR1-3, on the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS)...

It has been established that the accumulation of driver gene mutations causes malignant progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) through positive selection and clonal expansion, similar to Darwin's evolution. Following this multistep tumorigenesis concept, we previously showed the specific mutation patterns for each process of malignant progression, including submucosal invasion, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), intravasation, and metastasis, using genetically engineered mouse and organoid models. However, we also found that certain populations of cancer-derived organoid cells lost malignant characteristics of metastatic ability, although driver mutations were not impaired, and such subpopulations were eliminated from the tumor tissues by negative selection...

OBJECTIVE: Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) show a high prevalence of sleep problems. Adding to these problems, another factor appeared two years ago: the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to describe the sleep quality and habits in a sample of EMTs in Spain during COVID-19 pandemic considering the factors related to them. METHODS: A national cross-sectional study was carried out in Spain between October 2020 and February 2021. EMTs who worked in basic and advanced life support ambulances were invited to participate in an online survey...

Oxidative stress is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumorigenesis and progression are accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and adaptive elevation of antioxidant expression levels. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are among the most important antioxidants and are widely distributed in a variety of cancers. PRDXs are involved in the regulation of a variety of tumor cell phenotypes, such as invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. PRDXs are also associated with tumor cell resistance to cell death, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis...

BACKGROUND: A significant desmoplastic response, particularly in the fibroblasts, is a characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Increasing evidence has shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) assist tumor development, invasion, and metastasis in PDAC. However, CAFs-derived molecular determinants that regulate the molecular mechanisms of PDAC have not been fully characterized. METHODS: The expression of microRNA 125b-5p (miR-125b-5p) in Pancreas Cancer (PC) tissue and para-cancerous normal tissue was examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)...

BACKGROUND: Renal fibrosis is a basic pathological change of almost all chronic kidney disorders. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation play a crucial role in the process of fibrosis. METHODS: Western blot and qRT-PCR were accomplished to analyze the expression levels of target proteins and genes, respectively. The fibrotic levels in the renal tissues of rats were confirmed utilizing Masson staining. Expression of ECM-related α-SMA in the renal tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry assay...

Previous studies have indicated that the adrenergic receptor signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in chronic stress-induced cancer metastasis. In this study, we investigated whether an ethanol extract of Perilla frutescens leaves (EPF) traditionally used to treat stress-related symptoms by moving Qi could regulate the adrenergic agonist-induced metastatic ability of cancer cells. Our results show that adrenergic agonists including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and isoproterenol (ISO) increased migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Prosopis juliflora (Sw.), DC is a xerophytic plant species that extensively grow in Asia, Africa, Australia, and Brazil. From ancient time P. juliflora is being utilized in various folk remedies for example in wound healing, fever, inflammation, measles, excrescences, diarrhea and dysentery. Traditionally, gum, paste, and smoke obtained from the leaves and pods are applied for anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY: Our previous studies have demonstrated the promising potential of Prosopis Juliflora leaves methanol extract (PJLME) against breast cancer, and suggested its possible integration as a complementary medicine for the effective management of breast cancer...

OBJECTIVES: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive thyroid tumor type that has a poor prognosis due to its high therapeutic resistance. Since ATC accounts for half of thyroid cancer-related deaths, it is required to introduce novel therapeutic targets to increase survival in ATC patients. WNT and NOTCH signaling pathways are the pivotal regulators of cell proliferation and migration that can be regulated by microRNAs. We assessed the role of miR-506 in the regulation of cell migration, apoptosis, and drug resistance via NOTCH and WNT pathways in ATC cells...