neutropenic colitis in Childrens

Background Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in the pediatric population has significant burden in developing countries. Infection-related complications during the induction chemotherapy phase pose a major challenge and contribute to high mortality rates due to a severely immunocompromised state. However, there is scarce data on the etiologies and optimal management strategies for infection-related mortality in pediatric BL patients, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that included a total of 116 pediatric patients with intermediate-risk BL...

BACKGROUND: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) is one of the most common haematological malignancies seen in children. Despite steadily improving long-term outcomes, infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children receiving therapy for leukaemia. The incidence and risk of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) continue to rise. In some settings, IFIs caused by moulds are more frequent than those caused by yeasts, and Aspergillus spp. is the most common pathogens. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency, type of fungal infection seen during induction chemotherapy and outcomes...

Children with cancer are at increased risk of life-threatening emergencies, either from the cancer itself or related to the cancer treatment. These conditions need to be assessed and treated as early as possible to minimize morbidity and mortality. Cardiothoracic emergencies encompass a variety of pathologies, including pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, massive hemoptysis, superior vena cava syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia. Abdominal emergencies include bowel obstruction, intussusception, perforation, tumor rupture, intestinal graft-versus-host disease, acute pancreatitis, neutropenic colitis, and obstructive uropathy...

Rothia spp. (previously termed Stomatococcus) are normal flora that can cause invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts. The objective of this study was to describe infection characteristics and outcomes of Rothia spp. infections in a large cohort of children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This retrospective chart review is a subanalysis of a larger study in which the aim was to identify factors associated with infection in pediatric patients with AML. Only sterile site infections occurring during chemotherapy were included...

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that the use of antimicrobials is a determinant that favors intestinal dysbiosis. The objective of this study is to establish the association between the previous use of antimicrobials and the development of neutropenic colitis (NC). METHODS: A case-control study was carried out with subjects diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia from 2004 to July 2013. They were identified by cross-referencing the databases from the computing area and the records from the pediatric hematology section...

UNLABELLED: Chemotherapy regimes in children with cancer often cause gastrointestinal side effects. Only limited data exist on the use of endoscopy in this group of patients. METHODS: Retrospective review over a time period of 8.5 years identified 57 endoscopies (49 upper endoscopies, four colonoscopies, three sigmoidoscopies, one rectoscopy) in 38 patients (mean age 12.8 years). Seventeen children (45%) had hematological malignancies and 21 (55%) had solid tumors...

BACKGROUND: Neutropenic colitis (NC) or typhlitis has an incidence of approximately 5% in patients receiving chemotherapy for malignancy. The precise cause is unknown, but almost all patients are neutropenic; most profoundly so. We reviewed our experience with neutropenic colitis over the past 10 y to assess the incidence, management, and outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hospital records were reviewed after obtaining IRB approval (# 10-10-184E). There were 1224 children treated for cancer at our institution over the study interval...

To assist the radiologist in differentiating the colitis in children, this review proposes a systematic US approach to the disease, presents the US aspect of the normal colon and describes three distinctive US patterns reflecting the intramural extension of the histopathological changes. Each pattern corresponds to one or several diseases producing alterations in the same layer(s). Stratified thickening suggests an inflammatory mucosal process resulting from infection (as in advanced appendicitis or in infectious colitis) or to inflammation (as in IBD)...

We identified 24 children treated for malignancies between 1962 and 1992 who had antemortem diagnoses of typhlitis that were confirmed on review. The study criteria specified the presence of fever, abdominal pain, and tenderness, with radiological evidence of right-sided colonic inflammation. Typhlitis was most frequent in patients treated for acute leukemias. Computed tomography and ultrasonography were more sensitive than plain radiography (false-negative rates, 15%, 23%, and 48%, respectively). The wider availability of these sensitive procedures and the increased intensity of chemotherapeutic regimens may account for a marked increase in the incidence of typhlitis over the past 5 years...

We conducted this study to determine if color Doppler ultrasonography can identify increased vascularity associated with gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions and to determine if specific diagnoses can be established based on flow patterns. Twenty-five children with acute right lower quadrant pain and discharge diagnoses of inflammatory bowel processes were examined by color Doppler sonography, as an adjunct to routine gray-scale examinations. Final diagnoses included gastroenteritis (10 cases), Crohn's disease (five cases), neutropenic colitis (four cases), peritonitis (four cases), and Yersinia enterocolitis (two cases)...