comorbidity

Objectively measured physical activity volume serves as a predictive factor for functional recovery in patients with stroke. Malnutrition, a frequent complication of stroke, may influence the relationship between physical activity and functional recovery. This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity volume and functional recovery in patients with stroke, stratified by their nutritional status. This multicenter prospective observational study included 209 patients with stroke admitted to two Japanese convalescent rehabilitation hospitals...

Introduction  Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease. This high prevalence leads to high direct and indirect public health costs, which include medical visits, laboratory tests and imaging, pharmacotherapy, hospitalizations, and surgical treatment. Furthermore, CRS has a substantial impact on patient quality of life, affecting productivity and being a common cause of absence from work CRS-associated olfactory dysfunction is highly prevalent, the actual effectiveness of surgical intervention remains inconsistent...

Introduction  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe form of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) that is strongly correlated with comorbidities, in which epiglottic collapse (EC) and other contributing factors are involved. Objectives  To evaluate the occurrence of EC in OSA patients through drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) and to determine the factors contributing to EC. Methods  A retrospective study of 37 adult patients using medical history. Patients were assessed for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and lingual tonsil hypertrophy (LTH) using reflux symptom index and reflux finding score (RFS); for OSA using polysomnography, and for airway collapse through DISE...

Introduction  Many patients suffered from rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in India. Diabetes is a known risk factor of COVID-19 infection and mucormycosis. Objective  The present study was done to describe the clinical spectrum and histopathological findings of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients and their outcomes. Methods  A cross-sectional study was done over a period of two and half months. The biopsy samples or scrapings from sinonasal or periorbital tissue of 38 patients were analyzed...

Introduction  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has cast a gloom spell on healthcare worldwide, infecting millions of people. Objective  The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence and review the contributing comorbidities and the precipitating factors leading to the emergence of the fungal infections in COVID-19-affected patients. To assess the utility of different laboratory techniques for confirmation of fungal infections...

BACKGROUND: Lipotoxicity, caused by adipocyte triglyceride over-accumulation, contributes to obesity-related comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, respiratory dysfunction, and osteoarthritis. This study focuses on determining how sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) mediates quercetin's (QCT) effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Key aspects of this study include preventing adipogenesis, inducing lipolysis, and stimulating adipocyte apoptosis. METHODS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes underwent treatment with varying QCT doses, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the SIRT-1 inhibitor EX-527, followed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay for cell viability assessment...

PURPOSE: This study aims to develop a predictive nomogram model to assist physicians in making evidence-based decisions and potentially reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study, including patients admitted to the hospital from January 2014 to January 2022 with a closed, single pelvic or acetabular fracture. Comprehensive data were collected for each patient, encompassing demographics, injury characteristics, comorbidities, and results from laboratory tests and lower extremity ultrasounds...

Background The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the seasonal patterns of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis, specifically Bell's palsy, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to determine if there is a correlation between cold weather and the incidence of Bell's palsy, as well as to examine the relationship between age, gender, comorbidities, and the development of the disease. Methodology Data were collected from King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2016 and 2021...

A 62-year-old female presented for a scheduled coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and was found to have an unexpected subglottic stenosis during routine intubation. The case was aborted and six days later, the patient underwent lasering of the stenotic subglottic region and airway balloon dilation. In this case report, causes of subglottic stenosis and surgical/anesthetic management of the condition are discussed. The management of subglottic stenosis in this patient was complicated by concurrent severe coronary artery disease (CAD) involving the left main coronary artery and timing of airway surgery relative to interventions for her CAD...

INTRODUCTION: Spinal fusion surgery with instrumentation is a treatment of choice for many spinal disorders; however, there is little data related to factors associated with early and late outcomes, especially among patients with poor bone quality (e.g., osteoporosis). We conducted this study to characterize the epidemiology and outcomes of patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery with instrumentation in Japan, especially in patients with poor bone quality and those needing additional fixation methods...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: An increasing body of evidence indicates correlations between the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and those of eating disorder (ED). However, further investigation is required to elucidate the temporal and causal relationships between the aforementioned disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) was analyzed both as the cause and consequence of ED...

BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a reliable procedure commonly performed in older patients with degenerative diseases of the cervical spine. Over 130,000 procedures are performed every year with an annual increase of 5%, and overall morbidity rates can reach as high as 19.3%, indicating a need for surgeons to gauge their patients' risk for adverse outcomes. Frailty is an age-associated decline in functioning of multiple organ systems and has been shown to predict adverse outcomes following various spine procedures...

Glaucoma, a prevalent and debilitating eye disease, has long been associated with vision impairment and blindness. However, recent research has shed light on the often-underestimated psychological dimensions of this condition. Anxiety and depression, two pervasive psychiatric comorbidities, have been increasingly recognized among glaucoma patients. This comprehensive review aims to explore the intricate relationship between psychiatry and ophthalmology, in the context of managing depression and anxiety in glaucoma patients...

OBJECTIVES: Respiratory sarcopenia is characterized by low respiratory muscle mass and respiratory muscle strength, but its impact on activities of daily living (ADL) remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between respiratory sarcopenia and decreased ADL. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included older inpatients (≥65 years old) with respiratory diseases who underwent rehabilitation. Because the evaluation of respiratory muscle mass is challenging, probable respiratory sarcopenia was defined according to low appendicular skeletal muscle index (<7 kg/m2 for men, <5...

BACKGROUND: Long-standing controversy has existed over whether sublobar resection is an adequate oncological procedure for clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ≤2 cm, despite the recent randomized trial reports of Japanese Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 0802 and Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 140503 demonstrating non-inferior outcomes with sublobar resection compared to lobectomy. As practice patterns shift, we sought to compare oncologic outcomes in patients with these early-stage tumors after wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy in a contemporary, real-world, cohort...

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia frequently documented in patients requiring implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and/or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D). Patients with diagnosed AF at the point of ICD or CRT-D implantation may have an impaired follow-up outcome. METHODS: The German DEVICE I-II registry is a nationwide prospective multicentre database of patients implanted with ICD and CRT-D with clinical follow-up data...

Liver disease accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide. All chronic liver diseases (CLDs), whether of toxic, genetic, autoimmune, or infectious origin, undergo typical histological changes in the structure of the tissue. These changes may include the accumulation of extracellular matrix material, fats, triglycerides, or tissue scarring. Noninvasive methods for diagnosing CLD, such as conventional B-mode ultrasound (US), play a significant role in diagnosis. Doppler US, when coupled with B-mode US, can be helpful in evaluating the hemodynamics of hepatic vessels and detecting US findings associated with hepatic decompensation...

Aim: To compare the anatomical and functional results and patient satisfaction following retropupillary implantation of Artisan Aphakia iris-fixated intraocular lens (rAAIF) and sutured scleral fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL). Subjects and methods: We presented a prospective double-arm non-blinded study. Forty-one eyes with acquired aphakia, no age-related macular degeneration, no previous keratoplasty, no combined procedures, no AC reaction (cells, fibrin), normal intraocular pressure, no history of endothelial corneal dystrophy in relatives or fellow eye were included...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Occupational therapy (OT) consensus recommendations and articles outlining a sensory-based OT intervention for functional neurological disorder (FND) have been published. However, limited research has been conducted to examine the efficacy of OT interventions for FND. We performed a retrospective cohort study aimed at independently replicating preliminarily characterized sensory processing difficulties in patients with FND and reporting on clinical outcomes of a sensory-based OT treatment in this population...

OBJECTIVES: Burkholderia species infections are associated with diverse and challenging clinical presentations because of distinct virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors. The study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, microbiological, and clinical outcomes of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) infections in non-cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from Qatar. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on adult patients across all hospitals at Hamad Medical Corporation between January 2012 and December 2018 to evaluate clinically relevant Bcc in non-CF adult patients...