High density

Hypothesizing that CpG codon dyads, formed by consecutive codons containing a cytosine-guanine pair (NNC-GNN), may play a crucial role in gene function, we conducted an extensive analysis to investigate their distribution and conservation within mammalian genes. Our findings reveal that genes characterized by a high density of CpG codon dyads are notably associated with homeobox domains and RNA polymerase II transcription factors. Conversely, genes exhibiting low CpG codon dyad density have links to DNA damage repair and mitosis...

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates ∼10% of pregnancies, with the highest rates among Asian women. Evidence suggests that GDM is associated with an increased risk for future chronic health conditions, yet data for Asian women are sparse. We explored the association between prior GDM and metabolic dysfunction with nationally representative data to obtain Asian-specific estimates. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 7195 women with a prior pregnancy...

Long-lasting radioluminescence scintillators have recently attracted substantial attention from both research and industrial communities, primarily due to their distinctive capabilities of converting and storing X-ray energy. However, determination of energy-conversion kinetics in these nanocrystals remaines unexplored. Here we investigate energy funneling kinetics in NaLuF4:Mn2+/Gd3+ nanocrystal sublattices via Gd3+-driven microenvironment engineering and Mn2+-mediated radioluminescence profiling. Our photophysical studies reveal effective control of energy-funneling kinetics and demonstrate the tunability of electron trap depth ranging from 0...

Alkali metal-air batteries (AMABs) promise ultrahigh gravimetric energy densities, while the inherent poor cycle stability hinders their practical application. To address this challenge, most previous efforts were devoted to advancing the air cathodes with high electrocatalytic activity. Recent studies have underlined the solid-liquid-gas triple-phase interface around the anode can play far more significant roles than previously acknowledged by the scientific community. Besides the bottlenecks of uncontrollable dendrite growth and gas evolution in conventional alkali metal batteries, the corrosive atmospheric gases, intermediate oxygen species, and redox mediators in AMABs cause more severe anode corrosion and structural collapse, posing greater challenges to the stabilization of the anode triple-phase interface...

Highly ordered, network-nanostructured polymers offer compelling geometric features and application potential. However, their practical utilization is hampered by the restricted accessibility. Here, we address this challenge using commercial Pluronic surfactants with a straightforward modification of tethering polymerizable groups. By leveraging lyotropic self-assembly, we achieve facile production of double-gyroid mesophases, which are subsequently solidified via photoinduced cross-linking. The exceptionally ordered periodicities of Ia 3 d symmetry in the photocured polymers are unambiguously confirmed by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), which can capture single-crystal-like diffraction patterns...

P-type self-doping is known to hamper tin-based perovskites for developing high-performance solar cells by increasing the background current density and carrier recombination processes. In this work, we propose a gradient homojunction structure with germanium doping that generates an internal electric field across the perovskite film to deplete the charge carriers. This structure reduces the dark current density of perovskite by over 2 orders of magnitude and trap density by an order of magnitude. The resultant tin-based perovskite solar cells exhibit a higher power conversion efficiency of 13...

A highly flexible, tunable morphology membrane with excellent thermal stability and ionic conductivity can endow lithium metal batteries with high power density and reduced dendrite growth. Herein, a porous Polyurethane (PU) membrane with an adjustable morphology was prepared by a simple nonsolvent-induced phase separation technique. The precise control of the final morphology of PU membranes can be achieved through appropriate selection of a nonsolvent, resulting a range of pore structures that vary from finger-like voids to sponge-like pores...

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce ethylene (C2H4) is conducive to sustainable development of energy and environment. At present, most electrocatalysts for C2H4 production are limited to the heavy metal copper, meanwhile, achieving metal-free catalysis remains a challenge. Noted piperazine with sp3 N hybridization is beneficial to CO2 capture, but CO2RR performance and mechanism have been lacking. Herein, based on linkage engineering, we construct a novel high-density sp3 N catalytic array via introducing piperazine into the crystalline and microporous aminal-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs)...

Halide perovskite thin films can be the centerpiece of high-performance solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and other optoelectronic devices if the films are of high uniformity and relatively free of pinholes and other defects. A common strategy to form dense films from solution has been to generate a high density of nuclei by rapidly increasing supersaturation, for example, by timely application of an antisolvent or forced convection. In this work, we examine the role of retrograde solubility, wherein solubility decreases with increasing temperature, as a means of increasing the nucleation density and film coverage of slot-die-coated methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 ) from γ-butyrolactone (GBL) solution...

In the pursuit of personalized medicine, the development of efficient, cost-effective, and reliable DNA sequencing technology is crucial. Nanotechnology, particularly the exploration of two-dimensional materials, has opened different avenues for DNA nucleobase detection, owing to their impressive surface-to-volume ratio. This study employs density functional theory with van der Waals corrections to methodically scrutinize the adsorption behavior and electronic band structure properties of a DNA system composed of eight hachimoji nucleotide letters adsorbed on both MoS2 and MoSSe monolayers...

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Anopheles stephensi is responsible for the transmission of malaria in urban areas. Vector competence of An. stephensi from a non-malarious (Coimbatore) and highly malarious (Chennai) urban areas in Tamil Nadu state of India, was investigated to find the reason for non-transmission of malaria in Coimbatore. METHODS: Vector competence (susceptibility/refractoriness) of An. stephensi mosquitoes from Chennai (malarious) and Coimbatore (non-malarious) to Plasmodium vivax (Chennai) was investigated...

For the next generation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), it is primary to seek high capacity and long-lifetime electrode materials. Li-excess disordered rock-salt structure (DRS) cathodes have gained much attention due to their high specific capacity. However, Li-excess can lead to a decrease in the structural stability of an electrode material. A new Li-rich DRS oxyfluorides, Li1.23 Ni0.3 Nb0.3 Fe0.16 O0.85 F0.15 (F0.15 ) with a series amounts of LiNbO x (LN) coating (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt % denoted as F0.15 -LN0 , F0...

Developing efficient and anti-corrosive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is of great importance for the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we report a novel approach to prepare metal oxides-supported intermetallic Pt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) via the reactive metal-support interaction (RMSI) as ORR catalysts, using Ni-doped cubic ZrO2 (Ni/ZrO2) supported L10-PtNi NPs as a proof of concept. Benefiting from the Ni migration during RMSI, the oxygen vacancy concentration in the support is increased, leading to an electron enrichment of Pt...

Quasi-solid-state batteries (QSSBs) are gaining widespread attention as a promising solution to improve battery safety performance. However, the safety improvement and the underlying mechanisms of QSSBs remain elusive. Herein, a novel strategy combining high-safety ethylene carbonate-free liquid electrolyte and in situ polymerization technique is proposed to prepare practical QSSBs. The Ah-level QSSBs with LiNi0.83 Co0.11 Mn0.06 O2 cathode and graphite-silicon anode demonstrate significantly improved safety features without sacrificing electrochemical performance...

BACKGROUND: Elevated risk of psychosis for ethnic minority groups has generally been shown to be mitigated by high ethnic density. However, past survey studies examining UK Pakistani populations have shown an absence of protective ethnic density effects, which is not observed in other South Asian groups. AIMS: To assess the ethnic density effect at a local neighbourhood level, in the UK Pakistani population in East Lancashire. METHOD: Data was collected by the East Lancashire Early Intervention Service, identifying all cases of first episode psychosis (FEP) within their catchment area between 2012 and 2020...

Metal halide perovskite single crystals are emerging candidates for X-ray detection, however, it is challenging for growth of thickness-controlled single-crystal wafer on commercial backplanes, limiting their practical imaging application. Herein, integration of micrometer-thick methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3 ) single-crystal wafer on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by methylamine (MA)-induced interface recrystallization is reported. Through selection of hole transport material with rich functional group, intimate interface contact with low trap density can be achieved, leading to superior carrier transport properties and homogeneous photoresponse...

BACKGROUND: Lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) is underutilized for very high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. PROMPT-LIPID (PRagmatic Trial of Messaging to Providers about Treatment of HyperLIPIDemia) sought to determine whether electronic health record (EHR) alerts improve 90-day LLT intensification in patients with very high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. METHODS: PROMPT-LIPID was a pragmatic trial in which cardiovascular and internal medicine clinicians within Yale New Haven Health (New Haven, CT) were cluster-randomized to receive an EHR alert with individualized LLT recommendations or no alert for outpatients with very high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), ≥70 mg/dL...

3D composite electrodes have shown extraordinary promise as high mass loading electrode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, they usually show poor rate performance due to the sluggish Na+ kinetics at the heterointerfaces of the composites. Here, a 3D MXene-reduced holey graphene oxide (MXene-RHGO) composite electrode with Ti─O─C bonding at 2D heterointerfaces of MXene and RHGO is developed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the built-in electric fields (BIEFs) are enhanced by the formation of bridged interfacial Ti─O─C bonding, that lead to not only faster diffusion of Na+ at the heterointerfaces but also faster adsorption and migration of Na+ on the MXene surfaces...

The performance of single-atom catalysts is greatly influenced by the chemical environment surrounding the central atom. In this study, a salt-assisted method was employed to transform the tetrahedral coordination structure of ZIF-8 into a planar square coordination structure without altering the ligands. During the subsequent carbonization process, concurrent with the evaporation of zinc atoms, the structure of the nitrogen and carbon carriers (NC carriers) undergo a transition from five-membered rings to six-membered rings to preserve the 2D structure...

Broadband emission in hybrid lead halide perovskites (LHPs) has gained significant attention due to its potential applications in optoelectronic devices. The origin of this broadband emission is primarily attributed to the interactions between electrons and phonons. Most investigations have focused on the impact of structural characteristics of LHPs on broadband emission, while neglecting the role of electronic mobility. In this work, the study investigates the electronic origins of broadband emission in a family of 2D LHPs...