trm cells

γδT cells are unconventional T cells only accounting for 1-5 % of circulating T lymphocytes. Their potent anti-tumor capability has been evidenced by accumulating studies. However, the prognostic value of γδT cells remains not well documented in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we utilized the TCGA HNSCC database to evaluate the infiltration of γδT cells and the association between γδT cells and clinicopathological factors by related gene signature, which were then validated by a total of 100 collected tumor samples from HNSCC patient cohort...

Traditionally, bone marrow (BM) has been preferred as a source of stem cells (SCs) in pediatric hematopoietic SC transplantation (HSCT); however, the use of peripheral blood SCs (PBSC) has recently increased. With advancing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, whether the BM is still a better SC source than PB in sibling donor HSCT remains controversial. Here, we compared the results of BM transplantation (BMT) and PBSC transplantation (PBSCT) in pediatric patients with malignant or non-malignant diseases receiving sibling HSCT using a total of 7...

Lung tissue resident memory (TRM) cells are thought to play crucial roles in lung host defense. We have recently shown that immunization with the adjuvant LTA1 (derived from the A1 domain of E. coli heat labile toxin) admixed with OmpX from K. pneumoniae can elicit antigen specific lung Th17 TRM cells that provide serotype independent immunity to members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. However, the upstream requirements to generate these cells are unclear. Single-cell RNA-seq showed that vaccine-elicited Th17 TRM cells expressed high levels of IL-1R1, suggesting that IL-1 family members may be critical to generate these cells...

The conditioning regimen is an important part of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We explored the efficacy and safety of an optimized BEAC (adjusted-dose, intermediate-dose cytarabine and reduced-dose cyclophosphamide, AD-BEAC) conditioning regimen for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). A total of 141 NHL patients received AD-BEAC or a standard-dose BEAC (SD-BEAC) conditioning regimen from January 2007 to December 2017, and 104 patients were included in the study after 1:1 propensity matching...

Following acute herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, the virus undergoes an asymptomatic latent infection of sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Chemical and physical stress cause intermittent virus reactivation from latently infected DRG and recurrent virus shedding in the genital mucosal epithelium causing genital herpes in symptomatic patients. While T cells appear to play a role in controlling virus reactivation from DRG and reducing the severity of recurrent genital herpes, the mechanisms for recruiting these T cells into DRG and the vaginal mucosa (VM) remain to be fully elucidated...

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) offers rapid hematopoietic and immune reconstitution for aplastic anemia (AA). As a non-malignant disorder, attenuation of GVHD remains a clinical priority in AA patients. Our study sought to investigate the safety and efficacy of the prophylactic use of ruxolitinib in allogeneic HSCT. A total of 35 AA patients were retrospectively consecutively treated with allo-HSCT whereby ruxolitinib was added to the standard GVHD prophylaxis regimen (rux group)...

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic autoimmune liver disease characterized by autoreactive T cell response against intrahepatic small bile ducts. Here, we use Il12b-/- Il2ra-/- mice (DKO mice) as a model of autoimmune cholangitis and demonstrate that Cd8a knockout or treatment with an anti-CD8α antibody prevents/reduces biliary immunopathology. Using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we identified CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells in the livers of DKO mice, which highly express activation- and cytotoxicity-associated markers and induce apoptosis of bile duct epithelial cells...

The potential of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells and tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) in achieving adult leukemia remission have been highlighted [1,2]. We hypothesized that CXCR6 could serve as a marker for cytotoxic CD4+ Trm cells in the bone marrow (BM) of pediatric B-ALL patients. Flow cytometry (FCM) and published single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets were employed to characterize CXCR6+ CD4+ T cells in the BM and peripheral blood (PB) of pediatric B-ALL patients and healthy donors. FCM, scRNA-seq and co-culture were utilized to explore the cytotoxicity of CXCR6+ CD4+ T cells in vitro based on in vitro induction of CXCR6+ CD4+ T cells using tumor antigens and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)...

Graft failure is a fatal complication following allogeneic stem cell transplantation where a second transplantation is usually required for salvage. However, there are no recommended regimens for second transplantations for graft failure, especially in the haploidentical transplant setting. We recently reported encouraging outcomes using a novel method (haploidentical transplantation from a different donor after conditioning with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide). Herein, we report updated outcomes in 30 patients using this method...

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) have become an interesting subject of study for antitumor immunity in melanoma and other solid tumors. In the initial phases of antitumor immunity, they maintain an immune equilibrium and protect against challenges with tumor cells and the formation of primary melanomas. In metastatic settings, they are a prime target cell population for immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) because they highly express inhibitory checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, CTLA-4, or LAG-3. Once melanoma patients are treated with ICI, TRM cells residing in the tumor are reactivated and expand...

The nasal mucosa is frequently the initial site of respiratory viral infection, replication, and transmission. Recent work has started to clarify the independent responses of epithelial, myeloid, and lymphoid cells to viral infection in the nasal mucosa, but their spatiotemporal coordination and relative contributions remain unclear. Furthermore, understanding whether and how primary infection shapes tissue-scale memory responses to secondary challenge is critical for the rational design of nasal-targeting therapeutics and vaccines...

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the bowel wall. Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are implicated in CD, yet their characteristics remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the transcriptional profiles and functional characteristics of Trm cells in the small bowel of CD and their interactions with immune cells. Seven patients with CD and four with ulcerative colitis as controls were included. Single-cell RNA sequencing and paired T cell receptor sequencing assessed T cell subsets and transcriptional signatures in lamina propria (LP) and submucosa/muscularis propria-enriched fractions (SM/MP) from small bowel tissue samples...

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are a specialized subset of T cells that reside in tissues and provide long-term protective immunity against pathogens that enter the body through that specific tissue. TRM cells have specific phenotype and reside preferentially in barrier tissues. Recent studies have revealed that TRM cells are the main target of immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy since their role in cancer immunosurveillance. Furthermore, TRM cells also play a crucial part in pathogenesis of immune-related adverse events (irAEs)...

BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggested a favorable outcome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients treated by immunotherapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy among NSCLC with COPD versus NSCLC without COPD and explore the potential mechanistic links. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy and surgery at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between November 2020 and January 2023 were reviewed...

OBJECTIVES: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; it arises from tissue-resident memory T-cells (TRM ). In the present study, we investigated potential functional genetic variations that may predispose MF development. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted using whole-exome sequencing, with a focus on genes that are essential to TRM function. RESULTS: We included 21 patients and 19 healthy subjects in the study...

Objective: To evaluated the clinical efficacy of a reduced-intensity preconditioning regimen for single non-blood-related umbilical cord blood transplantation (sUCBT) in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) . Methods: The clinical data of 63 patients with SAA who underwent sUCBT from January 2021 to July 2023 at the Department of Hematology of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-two patients received total body irradiation/total bone marrow irradiation (TMI) combined with fludarabine or a cyclophosphamide- conditioning regimen (non-rATG group) , while 11 patients received rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (rATG) combined with TMI, fludarabine, or the cyclophosphamide-conditioning regimen (rATG group) ...

BACKGROUND: neurological complications (NC), especially those of the central nervous system (CNS), represent a severe complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and are associated with relevant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: we aim to characterize the potential risk factors for the development of CNS-NC with a special focus on the role of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) as a predisposing factor. For this purpose, we compared Cyclosporin A (CsA) versus Tacrolimus (TAC) with respect to their influence on the incidence and type of CNS-NC after allo-HSCT...

Resident memory T (TRM ) cells have been recently established as an important subset of memory T cells that provide early and essential protection against reinfection in the absence of circulating memory T cells. Recent findings showing that TRM expand in vivo after repeated antigenic stimulation indicate that these memory T cells are not terminally differentiated. This suggests an opportunity for in vitro TRM expansion to apply in an immunotherapy setting. However, it has also been shown that TRM may not maintain their identity and form circulating memory T cells after in vivo restimulation...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation increases treatment-related mortality (TRM) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). We analyzed 141 adult acute leukemia (AL) patients suffered allo-HCT between 2017 and 2021, who developed CMV viremia post-HCT and treated with valganciclovir or foscarnet, to evaluate effectiveness and safety of both drugs. Viremia clearance rates (14 and 21 d post treatment) and toxicities were similar in two groups. However, valganciclovir was associated with a lower cumulative incidence of CMV recurrence within 180 days (16...

Understanding the immune response to Leishmania infection and identifying biomarkers that correlate with protection are crucial for developing effective vaccines. One intriguing aspect of Leishmania infection is the persistence of parasites, even after apparent lesion healing. Various host cells, including dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and Langerhans cells, may serve as safe sites for latent infection. Memory T cells, especially tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ), play a crucial role in concomitant immunity against cutaneous Leishmania infections...