Autologous stem cell transplant

PURPOSE: Therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN) is a life-threatening complication of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (aPBSCT) for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Although previous studies have reported an association between clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in the infused PBSC product and subsequent post-aPBSCT risk of t-MN in patients with non-HL, information about patients with HL treated with aPBSCT is not available. METHODS: We constructed a retrospective cohort of 321 patients with HL transplanted at a median age of 34 years (range, 18-71)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of different treatment strategies and risk factors on the prognosis of patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) in a single medical center. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The clinical features of 266 patients with ENKTL were retrospectively analyzed, among whom those in stages I and II received sandwich therapy, while those in stages III and IV underwent chemotherapy plus autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation...

Lenalidomide maintenance (LM) has shown benefit in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in clinical trials. LM is the recommended standard of care in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) after high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM-ASCT). In Denmark, LM has been approved and publicly funded for all patients treated with HDM-ASCT since June 2019. Patients with newly diagnosed MM treated with their first HDM-ASCT between June 2019 and March 2022 were included and followed until data cut-off in June 2023...

A literature review does not provide information about the safety of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in a recipient who has previously received allogeneic HSCT. We treated a 69-year-old woman with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The patient received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the second complete remission of malignant lymphoma. The patient had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (allo-HSCT) for chronic myeloid leukemia 20 years ago. Chronic myeloid leukemia had been in complete remission for the previous 20 years...

BACKGROUND: Approximately two-thirds of patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (R/R LBCL) do not respond to or relapse after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell therapy, leading to poor outcomes. Previous studies have suggested that intensified lymphodepletion and hematological stem cell infusion can promote adoptively transferred T-cell expansion, enhancing antitumor effects. Therefore, we conducted a phase I/II clinical trial in which CNCT19 (an anti-CD19 CAR T-cell) was administered after myeloablative high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT) in patients with R/R LBCL...

INTRODUCTION: Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS), or veno-occlusive disease (VOD), of the liver has been recognized as a complex, life-threatening complication in the post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) setting. The diagnostic criteria for SOS have evolved over the last several decades with a greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, with two recent diagnostic criteria introduced in 2018 (EBMT criteria) and 2020 (Cairo criteria). OBJECTIVE: We sought out to evaluate the performance characteristics in diagnosing and grading SOS in pediatric patients of the four different diagnostic criteria (Baltimore, Modified Seattle, EBMT, and Cairo) and severity grading systems (defined by the EBMT and Cairo criteria)...

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) pathogenesis is strongly related to the role of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in which MCL cells proliferate. TIME cells can produce growth signals influencing MCL cells' survival and exert an antitumoral immune response suppression. The activity of TIME cells might be mirrored by some ratios of peripheral blood cell subpopulations, such as the monocyte-to-platelet ratio (MPR). We reviewed the clinical features of 165 consecutive MCL patients newly diagnosed and not eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (both for age or comorbidities) who accessed two Italian Centers between 2006 and 2020...

Cell therapy and regenerative medicine have made remarkable progress in treating neurodegenerative disorders. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising source for cell replacement therapies, but their practical application faces challenges due to poor survival and integration after transplantation. Park et al. propose a novel therapeutic strategy involving the co-transplantation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and iPSC-derived dopamine neurons. This combined approach enhances the survival of transplanted cells and protects against neuroinflammation-induced damage...

BACKGROUND: Histological transformation (HT) to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common complication of follicular lymphoma (FL) and is usually associated with a dismal outcome. However, the survival rate of these patients has improved over the last 20 years with the introduction of rituximab. This study aimed to access the outcome of transformation to DLBCL (t-DLBCL) from FL in a retrospective series that began after the widespread use of rituximab use. In addition, we also compared survival between t-DLBCL and primary DLBCL (p-DLBCL) in the same timeframe...

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the standard of care for eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma leading to prolonged progression free and overall survival. Successful engraftment following hematopoietic stem cell infusion requires adequate stem cell doses. Current mobilization regimens include granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with or without plerixafor. Motixafortide is a recently approved agent that can be used in combination with G-CSF for mobilization...

INTRODUCTION: The definition of primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) has been revised from ≥20% to ≥5% circulating plasma cells (CPC). However, the precise prognosis associated with CPC remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate prognostic biomarkers for myeloma patients based on CPC presence. METHODS: A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 309 consecutive patients diagnosed with either multiple myeloma or pPCL, utilizing peripheral blood smears stained with Wright-Giemsa...

BACKGROUND: Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy arising from precursor dendritic cells. It is a rare and challenging clinical presentation. For decades, there has been no treatment course for managing BPDCN and its overall prognosis is poor. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report a 27-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital due to an orbital tumor as the first symptom. Progressive enlargement of the orbital tumor was accompanied by multiple purple circular nodules on the body trunk...

We present a rare case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL). Nasal-type ENKL is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The patient was a 19-year-old woman who presented with facial numbness, diminished hearing, and dysgeusia. She was febrile with palatal necrosis, loss of gag reflex, and cranial nerve palsies. Labs revealed neutropenia. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials, including amphotericin, were started...

The second revision of international staging system (R2-ISS) shows promise in patients with multiple myeloma treated with a regimen of novel agent-based induction therapy, autologous stem cell transplant and maintenance therapy, but challenges persist. This study by Alzahrani et al. underscores the importance of refining risk assessment tools for tailored treatment strategies. Commentary on: Alzahrani et al. Impact of revised international staging system 2 (R2-ISS) risk stratification on outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation...

BACKGROUND: Refractoriness and relapse after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy have emerged as major challenges for immunotherapy of aggressive large B-cell lymphoma. Thus far, there is no consensus on how to address treatment failure and whether to administer maintenance therapy following CAR-T cell therapy. METHODS: From August 2017 through November 2022, 52 patients with refractory/relapsed aggressive LBCL who had a high risk of resistance to CAR-T cell therapy were given chidamide in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor as maintenance therapy following either CAR19/22 T-cell cocktail therapy or CAR19/22 T-cell cocktail therapy plus autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)...

Sexual health concerns are one of the most common late effects facing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors. The current study tested whether self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms before transplant were associated with embedded items assessing two specific areas of sexual health-sexual interest and sexual satisfaction-one year post-HSCT. Of the 158 study participants, 41% were diagnosed with a plasma cell disorder (n = 60) and most received autologous transplantation (n = 128; 81%)...

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) represents the second most common hematologic malignancy (15%). Induction with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamthasone VCd (d: low dose dexamthasone) regimen is widely used due to its high effectiveness, low toxicity and good tolerability, particularly with renal impairment. Real-world data on the use of VCD in clinical practice is lacking. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the real-world experience of the VCD regimen. DESIGN: Retrospective...

CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown promising initial complete remission (CR) rates in patients with refractory or relapsed (r/r) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL). To enhance the remission duration, consolidation with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is considered. Our study delved into the outcomes of 34 patients with r/r T-ALL/LBL who underwent allo-HSCT after achieving CR with autologous CD7 CAR-T therapy...

Background : There is limited evidence on the effects of aerobic and resistance training exercise interventions to improve physical function and patient-reported outcomes prior to autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). IMPROVE-BMT was a single-site, pilot randomized controlled trial investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a pragmatic resistance training exercise program prior to HSCT compared to usual HSCT care. Secondary aims included differences in physical function between the exercise group (EX) and usual care control group (UC)...

Improvement in the therapeutics for multiple myeloma (MM) has been continuously developed owing to the application of novel drugs and technologies in the last 20 years. The standard first-line therapy for MM consists of a three-drug induction regimen based on immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors combined with autologous stem cell transplantation. However, MM remains incurable; therefore, therapies for relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) are emerging and evolving rapidly. This study aimed to summarize and review the results of RRMM trials over the past 5 years to provide a holistic overview and insights for practitioners in related fields and to provide additional ideas for clinical trialists...