Transferrin

Biological hormonal changes are frequently cited as an explanatory factor of sex and menopause differences in cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) and its associated risk factors. However, iron metabolism which varies between sexes and among women of different reproductive stages could also play a role. Recent evidence suggest that iron may contribute to CMD risk by modulating oxidative stress pathways and inflammatory responses, offering insights into the mechanistic interplay between iron and CMD development. In the current review, we provide a critical appraisal of the existing evidence on sex and menopausal differences in CMD, discuss the pitfall of current estrogen hypothesis as sole explanation, and the emerging role of iron in CMD as complementary pathway...

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Currently, the pathological mechanisms of MS are not fully understood, but research has suggested that iron metabolism disorder may be associated with the onset and clinical manifestations of MS. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study utilized publicly available databases and bioinformatics techniques for gene expression data analysis, including differential expression analysis, weighted correlation network analysis, gene enrichment analysis, and construction of logistic regression models...

Hemojuvelin (HJV) is a GPI-anchored protein of the repulsive guidance molecule (RGM) family acting as a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) co-receptor to induce the hepatic iron regulatory protein hepcidin. Hepcidin causes ubiquitination and degradation of the sole known iron exporter ferroportin thereby limiting iron availability. The detailed signaling mechanism of HJV in vivo has yet to be investigated. In the current manuscript, we used an established model of adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated liver-specific overexpression of HJV in murine models of hepatocyte-specific deficiency of the BMP type I receptors Alk2 or Alk3...

BACKGROUNDDiagnosis of PMM2-CDG, the most common congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), relies on measuring carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and genetic testing. CDT tests have false negatives and may normalize with age. Site-specific changes in protein N-glycosylation have not been reported in sera in PMM2-CDG.METHODSUsing multistep mass spectrometry-based N-glycoproteomics, we analyzed sera from 72 individuals to discover and validate glycopeptide alterations. We performed comprehensive tandem mass tag-based discovery experiments in well-characterized patients and controls...

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprised ∼50 monogenic diseases characterized by the accumulation of cellular material in lysosomes and associated defects in lysosomal function, but systematic molecular phenotyping is lacking. Here, we develop a nanoflow-based multi-omic single-shot technology (nMOST) workflow allowing simultaneously quantify HeLa cell proteomes and lipidomes from more than two dozen LSD mutants, revealing diverse molecular phenotypes. Defects in delivery of ferritin and its autophagic receptor NCOA4 to lysosomes (ferritinophagy) were pronounced in NPC2 -/- cells, which correlated with increased lyso-phosphatidylcholine species and multi-lamellar membrane structures visualized by cryo-electron-tomography...

The dysregulation of iron metabolism is closely linked to the onset and progression of lung cancer. This study aimed to explore the association between iron metabolism indicators (serum iron, transferrin, ferritin) and the expression level of programmed death factor ligand 1 in primary lesions of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A cohort of 62 patients, including 42 men and 20 women, was recruited from October 2022 to July 2023, all diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, confirmed through radiographic imaging and histopathological analysis...

Deep learning-based methods for protein structure prediction have achieved unprecedented accuracy. Yet, their utility in the engineering of protein-based binders remains constrained due to a gap between the ability to predict the structures of candidate proteins and the ability to assess which of those proteins are more probable to bind to a target. To bridge this gap, we introduce Automated Pairwise Peptide-Receptor AnalysIs for Screening Engineered proteins (APPRAISE), a method for predicting the target binding propensity of engineered proteins...

The AP-1 adaptor complex is found in all eukaryotes, but it has been implicated in different pathways in different organisms. To look directly at AP-1 function, we generated stably transduced HeLa cells coexpressing tagged AP-1 and various tagged membrane proteins. Live cell imaging showed that AP-1 is recruited onto tubular carriers trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, as well as onto transferrin-containing early/recycling endosomes. Analysis of single AP-1 vesicles showed that they are a heterogeneous population, which starts to sequester cargo 30 min after exit from the ER...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rapid detection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks is vital for patient recovery after spinal surgery. However, distinguishing CSF-specific transferrin (TF) from serum TF using lateral flow immunoassays (LFI) is challenging due to their structural similarities. This study aims to develop a novel point-of-care diagnostic assay for precise CSF leak detection by quantifying total TF in both CSF and serum. METHODS: Capitalizing on the substantial 100-fold difference in TF concentrations between CSF and serum, we designed a diagnostic platform based on the well-known "hook effect" resulting from excessive analyte presence...

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) interfaced to mass spectrometry (MS) with electrospray ionization typically incorporates acidic additives or organic solvents to assist in ionization. Vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (VSSI) is a voltage-free method to interface CE and MS that does not require these additives, making it appealing for protein analyses. CE-VSSI nanoflow sheath separations are performed with low ionic strength aqueous solutions in the sheath to reduce suppression. Serine is also included in the sheath to reduce analyte adduction...

Treatment of microbial infections is becoming daunting because of widespread antimicrobial resistance. The treatment challenge is further exacerbated by the fact that certain infectious bacteria invade and localize within host cells, protecting the bacteria from antimicrobial treatments and the host's immune response. To survive in the intracellular niche, such bacteria deploy surface receptors similar to host cell receptors to sequester iron, an essential nutrient for their virulence, from host iron-binding proteins, in particular lactoferrin and transferrin...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of iron deficiency in patients with COPD varies in previous studies. We aimed to assess its prevalence according to three well-known criteria for iron deficiency, its associations with clinical characteristics of COPD and mortality. METHODS: In a cohort study consisting of 84 COPD patients, of which 21 had chronic respiratory failure, and 59 non-COPD controls, ferritin, TSat and mortality across 6.5 years were assessed. Associations between clinical characteristics and iron deficiency were examined by logistic regression, while associations with mortality were assessed in mixed effects Cox regression analyses...

Increasing clinical data show that the imbalance of host metallome is closely associated with different kinds of disease, however, the intrinsic mechanisms of action of metals in immunity and pathogenesis of disease remain largely undefined. There is lack of multiplexed profiling system to integrate the metalloproteome-immunoproteome information at systemic level for exploring the roles of metals in immunity and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we build up a metal-coding assisted multiplexed proteome assay platform for serum metalloproteomic and immunoproteomic profiling...

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown an association between iron deficiency (ID) and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF), irrespective of the presence of ID anemia (IDA). The current study used population-level data from a large, single-payer health care system in Canada to investigate the epidemiology of ID and IDA in patients with acute HF and those with chronic HF, and the iron supplementation practices in these settings. METHODS: All adult patients with HF in Alberta between 2012 and 2019 were identified and categorized as acute or chronic HF...

OBJECTIVES: This narrative review addresses relevant points about Chapare virus (CHAV) entry in oral cells, CHAV transmission, and preventive strategies in dental clinical settings. It is critical in dentistry due to the frequent presence of gingival hemorrhage occurred in CHAV-infected patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies related to CHAV were searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web-of-Science databases without language restriction or year of publication...

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), compartmentalized inflammation plays a pivotal role in the complex pathology of tissue damage. The interplay between epigenetic regulation, transcriptional modifications, and location-specific alterations within white matter (WM) lesions at the single-cell level remains underexplored. METHODS: We examined intracellular and intercellular pathways in the MS brain WM using a novel dataset obtained by integrated single-cell multi-omics techniques from 3 active lesions, 3 chronic active lesions, 3 remyelinating lesions, and 3 control WM of 6 patients with progressive MS and 3 non-neurologic controls...

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency, with little research on its prevalence and long-term outcomes in the general population and those with heart failure (HF). Both the relationships between dietary iron and ID, as well as dietary folate and ID, are understudied. METHODS: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002 to investigate the prevalence, prognosis, and relationship between dietary and ID defined by different criteria in the general population ( n  = 6,660) and those with HF ( n  = 182)...

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a major problem in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients (TDT) patients. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one of several bone markers that are closely associated with osteoporosis in TDT patients. OPG is a glycoprotein that functions as a feedback receptor for the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappa B Ligand (RANKL), which is an alpha tumor necrosis factor receptor. One of the causes of decreased bone mass density is iron toxicity, which can be identified by showing elevated transferrin saturation...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood biochemical indicators in early adolescence, and to provide ideas for early prevention of diseases and explore possible disease-related predictors. METHODS: 3125 participants aged 10 ∼ 14 years were selected from China from the survey of "China Nutrition and Health Surveillance ( 2016 ∼ 2017 ) ". Employing advanced statistical methods, including generalized linear models, heatmaps, hierarchical clustering, and generalized additive models, the study delved into the associations between BMI and various biochemical indicators...