infection renal transplant

BACKGROUND: The association between obesity and infectious diseases is increasingly reported in the literature. There are scarce studies on the association between obesity and urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation (KTx). These studies defined obesity based on body mass index, and their results were conflicting. The present study aimed to evaluate this association using bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition evaluation, and obesity definition. METHODS: A single-center cohort study was conducted...

AIM: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), due to their immunosuppressed status, are potentially more susceptible to both the severe effects of COVID-19 and complications in their transplanted organ. The aim of this study is to investigate whether COVID-19 infection increases the risk of rejection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS: This study involved a detailed literature review, conducted using PubMed, with the search being completed by September 7th, 2023...

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has been reported in immunocompromised patients with disseminated Mycobacterium genavense . Management relies on high-dose corticosteroids. We describe two cases of late-onset corticosteroid-refractory IRIS related to disseminated infection in a HIV-positive patient and a renal transplant patient who had a favorable outcome with a monoclonal TNF-α blocker.

BACKGROUND: The intestinal colonization and transmission of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriales to renal transplant recipients may pose a threat to them because they are profoundly immunocompromised and vulnerable to infection. Hence, it is crucial to identify these antibiotic-resistant fecal Enterobacteriales harboring high-risk populations. The objective of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance as well as β-lactamases production in fecal Enterobacteriales among renal transplant recipients...

In this case, a 64-year-old male with a history of simultaneous orthotopic liver transplant and cadaveric renal transplant presented five years prior presented with persistent fevers two days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasal PCR. A CT scan of the chest on hospital day nine revealed innumerable 1-2 mm nodules in a miliary pattern throughout the lung. (1,3)-β-D-glucan on hospital day 11 was 133 pg/mL. In this article, the approach, diagnostic and management strategies for patients with persistent fevers after diagnosis of COVID-19 in a transplant recipient are discussed...

CONTEXT.—: Mass COVID-19 vaccination is mandated in vulnerable populations in our renal transplant waitlist cohort. However, the anti-human leukocyte antigen (anti-HLA) profile after COVID-19 vaccination is controversial, and the side effects are yet to be discerned. OBJECTIVE.—: To evaluate the status of HLA antibodies in waitlist renal transplant patients before and 3 weeks after each vaccination and if comorbidities are associated with the HLA antibody profile...

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ongoing necessity for preventive measures such as mask-wearing and vaccination remains particularly critical for organ transplant recipients, a group highly susceptible to infections due to immunosuppressive therapy. Given that many individuals nowadays increasingly utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI), understanding AI perspectives is important. Thus, this study utilizes AI, specifically ChatGPT 4.0, to assess its perspectives in offering precise health recommendations for mask-wearing and COVID-19 vaccination tailored to this vulnerable population...

The management of acute liver failure (ALF) in modern hepatology intensive care units (ICU) has improved patient outcomes. Critical care management of hepatic encephalopathy, cerebral edema, fluid and electrolytes; prevention of infections and organ support are central to improved outcomes of ALF. In particular, the pathogenesis of encephalopathy is multifactorial, with ammonia, elevated intra-cranial pressure and systemic inflammation playing a central role. Although ALF remains associated with high mortality, the availability of supportive care, including organ failure support such as plasma exchange, timely mechanical ventilation or continuous renal replacement therapy, either conservatively manages patients with ALF or offers bridging therapy until liver transplantation...

Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric cohort. Children are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunological immaturity and the enhanced alloreactivity risk that led to maintenance of high immunosuppressive regimes. Hence, prevention, early detection, and prompt treatment of such infe ctions are of paramount importance. Among all viral infections, herpes viruses (herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus), hepatitis B and C viruses, BK polyomavirus, and respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus and adenovirus) are common in kidney transplant recipients...

BACKGROUND: The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk pediatric patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to characterize pediatric RSV cases from January 2019 to December 2022 and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV burden and RSV-related outcomes. In addition, examining factors influencing RSV-related hospitalization. METHODS: This is a retrospective study that included pediatric patients (aged 14 and below) who presented at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with RSV infection identified using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays...

INTRODUCTION: Although RT has improved the survival of the population with ESRD due to all causes, renal outcomes in SLE are controversial. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and evolution of the patients and the kidney transplant in LN, and compare it with patients transplanted for other causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational, analytical, single-center study in which records of patients undergoing nephrotransplantation for LN were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in transplant patients is high because of immunosuppression. We have evaluated clinical and epidemiological characteristics of early versus late onset of CMV infection among renal transplant recipients. METHODS: A single center retrospective observational study was conducted among renal transplant recipients who underwent kidney transplant between January 2002, and December 2021. CMV disease was classified as early or late depending on the detection prior or after 90 days post-transplantation...

OBJECTIVE: Kidney transplantation is the gold standard therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage renal disease; nevertheless, it is not without potential complications leading to considerable morbidity and mortality such as post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM). This narrative review aims to comprehensively evaluate PTDM in terms of its diagnostic approach, underlying pathophysiological pathways, epidemiological data, and management strategies. METHODS: Articles were retrieved from electronic databases using predefined search terms...

INTRODUCTION: Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, data published on the immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT 162B2 vaccine in pediatric patients receiving renal replacement therapy are scant. Our primary objective is to study this population's humoral immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS: Pediatric kidney transplant recipients (PKTRs) and hemodialysis recipients (HR) at our center who received two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT 162B2 vaccine were included...

BACKGROUND: There are limitations in treating advanced prostate cancer (PC), especially castration-resistant (CR) cases, in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We describe the case of RTR with metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) treated with docetaxel. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old man with end-stage renal disease due to autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) underwent living-related kidney transplantation. A year later, he was diagnosed with PC (prostate-specific antigen level: 998 ng/mL)...

BACKGROUND: There are limited data evaluating the success of a structured transition plan specifically for pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients following their transfer of care to an adult specialist. We sought to identify risk factors for poor adherence, graft failure, and mortality following the transfer of care to adult HT care teams. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent transition from the pediatric to adult HT program at our center between January 2011 and June 2021...

INTRODUCTION: Data on long-term outcomes following A2/A2B to B kidney transplants since the 2014 kidney allocation system (KAS) changes are few. The primary aim of this study is to report our 7-year experience with A2/A2B to B kidney transplants and to compare post-transplant outcomes of A2/A2B to a concurrent group of B to B kidney transplants. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of pre-transplant anti-A1 titers on survival outcomes in A2/A2B transplants. METHODS: This retrospective, single-center analysis included all adults who received A2/A2B to B deceased donor kidney transplants from December 2014 to June 2021 compared to B to B recipients...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study aimed to explore the new and serious adverse events(AEs) of Tacrolimus(FK506), cyclosporine(CsA), azathioprine(AZA), mycophenolate mofetil(MMF), cyclophosphamide(CTX) and methotrexate(MTX), which have not been concerned. METHODS: The FAERS data from January 2016 and December 2022 were selected for disproportionality analysis to discover the potential risks of traditional immunosuppressive drugs. RESULTS: Compared with CsA, FK506 has more frequent transplant rejection, and is more related to renal impairment, COVID-19, cytomegalovirus infection and aspergillus infection...

BACKGROUND: Talaromycosis is a serious opportunistic infectious disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei , which mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. The disease is mainly prevalent in tropical countries and regions of Southeast Asia and South Asia, but non-endemic areas also have patients with Talaromycosis. The disease has no characteristic clinical manifestations and is difficult to diagnose. Delayed diagnosis often leads to death. CASE PRESENTATION: Both patients had cellular immunodeficiency...

Asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in renal transplant are important antimicrobial stewardship targets but are difficult to identify within electronic medical records. We validated an "electronic phenotype" of antibacterials prescribed for these indications. This may be more useful than billing data in assessing antibiotic indication in this outpatient setting.