Growth Hormone AND IGF-1

Long-term caloric restriction (CR) is an effective intervention that improves whole-body metabolism, suppresses age-related pathophysiology, and extends lifespan. Although the beneficial effects of caloric restriction mediated by growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) have been extensively studied, the mechanisms independent of GH/IGF-1 remain largely unknown. In this review, we focus on these GH/IGF-1-independent mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on the role of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c)...

The moderate restriction of dietary energy intake (dietary restriction: DR) extends the lifespan and health span of various laboratory animals, suggesting that it delays the aging process inherent in many animal species. Attenuated growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling caused by mutations also increases the lifespan of mice, even those allowed to feed freely. In nematodes, the Daf16, mammalian Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor, was shown to be required for lifespan extension in response to reduced IGF-1 signaling...

OBJECTIVE: Pseudoacromegaly encompasses conditions with features of acromegaly/gigantism, but no growth hormone (GH) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) excess. We aimed to review published pseudoacromegaly cases evaluated due to clinical suspicion of acromegaly. DESIGN/PATIENTS: PubMed/Medline search was conducted to identify reported pseudoacromegaly cases, which were systematically reviewed to ensure they met eligibility criteria: (1) presentation suggestive of acromegaly; (2) acromegaly excluded based on normal GH, IGF-1 and/or GH suppression on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT-GH); (3) diagnosis of the pseudoacromegaly condition was established...

PURPOSE: Bone mineral density (BMD) impairment is one of the critical factors for long-term quality of life in adults growth hormone deficiency (AGHD). This study aims to investigate the annual changes in BMD in AGHD patients with different ages of onset and to identify predicting factors that influence BMD. METHODS: AGHD patients (n = 160) with available data for 4 years follow-up from a major tertiary medical center in China were retrospectively included (110 [68...

BACKGROUND: Acromegaly occurs due to overproduction of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has recently emerged as a novel biomarker, related to IGF-1. This study aimed to assess Gal-3 in patients with acromegaly and compare its effectiveness with traditional biomarker tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized case control study conducted in a single center included 50 acromegaly patients and 40 apparently healthy subjects (HS) serve as control group matched both age and BMI...

Emerging research underscores the pivotal role of adipose tissue in regulating systemic aging processes, particularly when viewed through the lens of the endocrine hypotheses of aging. This study delves into the unique adipose characteristics in an important animal model of aging - the long-lived Ames dwarf (df/df) mice. Characterized by a Prop1df gene mutation, these mice exhibit a deficiency in growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and TSH, alongside extremely low circulating IGF-1 levels. Intriguingly, while surgical removal of visceral fat (VFR) enhances insulin sensitivity in normal mice, it paradoxically increases insulin resistance in Ames dwarfs...

The acid-labile subunit (ALS) of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP) complex, encoded in humans by IGFALS, has a vital role in regulating the endocrine transport and bioavailability of IGF-1 and IGF-2. Accordingly, ALS has a considerable influence on postnatal growth and metabolism. ALS is a leucine-rich glycoprotein that forms high-affinity ternary complexes with IGFBP-3 or IGFBP-5 when they are occupied by either IGF-1 or IGF-2. These complexes constitute a stable reservoir of circulating IGFs, blocking the potentially hypoglycaemic activity of unbound IGFs...

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the pituitary functions of patients with traumatic maxillofacial fractures and compare the results with healthy controls. METHODS: Thirty patients (mean age, 38.14 ± 14.15 years; twenty-six male, four female) with a traumatic maxillofacial fracture at least 12 months ago (mean 27.5 ± 6.5 months) and thirty healthy controls (mean age, 42.77 ± 11.36 years; twenty-five male, five female) were included...

OBJECTIVE: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) has a strong affinity to insulin. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between IGFBP7 and complications among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. DESIGN: A total of 1449 T2DM patients were selected from a cross-sectional study for disease management registered in the National Basic Public Health Service in Changshu, China, and further tested for their plasma IGFBP7 levels. Logistic regressions and Spearman's rank correlation analyses were used to explore the associations of IGFBP7 with diabetic complications and clinical characteristics, respectively...

Acromegaly and gigantism are disorders caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), usually from pituitary adenomas. Although somatostatin analogues (SSA), dopamine agonists and GH receptor antagonist are important therapeutic agents, all of these have issues with their effectiveness, safety, and/or convenience of use. To overcome these, we developed a GH-specific potent neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) named 13H02. 13H02 selectively bound to both human and monkey GH with high affinity, and strongly inhibited the biological activity of GH in the Nb2 rat lymphoma cell proliferation assay...

INTRODUCTION: It has been proposed that not all children with short stature displaying an inadequate response to tests for growth hormone (GH) secretion truly suffer from GH deficiency (GHD). Only children with a monogenic cause of GHD or an identifiable combined hormonal deficiency or anatomical anomaly in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis should be considered definite GHD (dGHD). The remaining patients can be defined as a separate group of patients, "short stature unresponsive to stimulation tests" (SUS)...

OBJECTIVE: Patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) with inadequate growth hormone levels are often correlated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, potential mechanism of how GHD influences liver function remains obscure. Thus, we aimed to perform hepatic metabolomics in Lewis dwarf rats, a classical model of isolated GH-deficient rat, to evaluate characterizations of hepatic metabolic profiles and explore their relations with liver functions. METHODS: Lewis dwarf homozygous (dw/dw) rats at 37 weeks (five females and five males), and Lewis dwarf heterozygous (dw/+) rats at 37 weeks (five females and five males) were analyzed in our study...

OBJECTIVE: Hormonal substitution with growth hormone in aged patients remains a debated research topic and is rarely initiated in clinical practice. This reluctance may originate from concerns about adverse effects and the uncritical use as an anti-aging agent. Nevertheless, beneficial effects for selected patients suffering from certain acute and chronic illnesses could justify its use at an advanced age. This systematic review analyzes randomized controlled studies of GH interventions in older patients with different comorbidities to assess both, beneficial and harmful effects...

Betaine is widely used as a feed additive in the chicken industry to promote laying performance and growth performance, yet it is unknown whether betaine can be used in geese to improve the laying performance of goose breeders and the growth traits of offspring goslings. In this study, laying goose breeders at 39 weeks of age were fed basal (Control, CON) or betaine-supplemented diets at low (2.5 g/kg, LBT) or high (5 g/kg, HBT) levels for 7 weeks, and the breeder eggs laid in the last week were collected for incubation...

BACKGROUND: L-[methyl-11C]-methionine-positron emission tomography (Met-PET) is a potentially important imaging adjunct in the diagnostic workup of pituitary adenomas, including somatotroph tumours. Met-PET can identify residual or occult disease and make definitive therapies accessible to a subgroup of patients who would otherwise require lifelong medical therapy. However, existing data on its use are still limited to small case series. Here, we report the largest single centre experience (N=61) in acromegaly...

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are hormones that primarily stimulate and regulate animal physiological processes. In this study, we cloned and identified the open reading frame (ORF) cDNA sequences of IGF family genes: the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), and insulin-like growth factor 3 (IGF3). We found that IGF1, IGF2, and IGF3 have a total length of 558, 648, and 585 base pairs (bp), which encoded a predicted protein with 185, 215, and 194 amino acids (aa), respectively...

BACKGROUND: To date, no studies, to our knowledge, have compared the efficacy of autoregulated periodized and linear resistance exercises on anabolic myokines and muscular performance among recreationally active individuals. This study aimed to compare the effects of an 8-week autoregulated periodized resistance exercise (APRE) program with a linear resistance exercise (LRE) program on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), follistatin (FST), myostatin (MST), body composition, muscular strength, and power in recreationally active males...

The purpose of this study is to study the effects of ostarine alone and in combination with endurance training in sexually mature, male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into a treadmill-trained group and a sedentary group. Half of each group received either ostarine or vehicle for 8 weeks (n = 10 each, in total n = 40). We examined some functional, hormonal, and anthropometric parameters and the myogenic gene expression of myostatin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in m...

PURPOSE: Sweat glands and cutaneous vessels possess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors. Here, we assessed if exercise increases GH and IGF-1 in skin interstitial fluid, and whether baseline and exercise-induced increases in GH and IGF-1 concentrations in skin interstitial fluid/blood are associated with heat loss responses of sweating and cutaneous vasodilation. METHODS: Sixteen young adults (7 women) performed a 50-min moderate-intensity exercise bout (50% VO2peak ) during which skin dialysate and blood samples were collected...

Cabergoline is an ergot derivative long-acting dopamine receptor 2 (DR2) selective agonist administered orally and widely used for the treatment of prolactin-secreting adenomas and Parkinson's disease. DR2 is expressed in most somatotroph adenomas. In acromegaly, cabergoline is used off-label and its role is limited by the relatively modest efficacy for achieving hormonal remission and thus, it is largely indicated in patients with mild elevation of GH/IGF-I postoperatively. It can be given as monotherapy, usually at a higher weekly dose than usually required to treat prolactinomas, but also as an add-on treatment in patients partially responding to the somatostatin receptor ligands octreotide or lanreotide...