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Vertebrate genomes contain lower than expected frequencies of the CpG dinucleotide. Consequently, many vertebrate viruses have evolved to mimic this composition, possibly in order to evade host antiviral defences (Greenbaum et al., 2008). For example, the antiviral protein ZAP binds CpGs in viral single stranded RNA with specific spacing requirements (Gonçalves-Carneiro et al., 2022), though CpGs are also likely depleted in viral genomes due to other selective pressures (Forni et al., 2023). Increasing CpG abundance by synonymous recoding could facilitate attenuation of viruses without compromising their epitope antigenicity by changing non-CpG codons to alternatives containing CpG without changing the overall amino acid sequence (Gonçalves-Carneiro et al...

BACKGROUND: Transfer of the anterior latissimus dorsi and teres major (LDTM) tendons has demonstrated favorable outcomes in patients with irreparable anterosuperior rotator cuff tears1 . The objective of this procedure is to restore internal rotation strength, enhance active range of motion, and provide pain relief while preserving the glenohumeral joint. DESCRIPTION: The incision extended from the coracoid to the inferior border of the pectoralis major tendon, following the deltopectoral interval located laterally to the coracoid...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder has risen dramatically over the past decade, and there are currently no FDA-approved medications due, in part, to gaps in our understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms related to METH action in the brain. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Here, we investigated whether transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) mediates each of several METH abuse-related behaviours in rodents: self-administration, drug-primed reinstatement, acquisition of conditioned place preference, and hyperlocomotion...

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Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski is a perennial creeping herb of the Asteraceae family, which is native to South America. It was introduced into Southern China as a groundcover in the 1970s (Zhang et al. 2023). Now it is mainly used for folk medicine to treat various kinds of inflammatory, incuding joint pain, rheumatic diseases, arthritis, in addition to treating persistent wounds, ulcers, and edemas (Gonçalves et al. 2022). In February and November 2023, powdery mildew symptoms were observed on 60% of S...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of stand-alone intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) with or without a structured education programme and blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in adults with type 2 diabetes on multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). METHODS: In this 24 week randomised open-label multicentre trial, adults with type 2 diabetes on intensive insulin therapy with HbA1c levels of 58-108 mmol/mol (7...

Cotard syndrome is a rare presentation where patients present with nihilistic thoughts of dying or already being dead. These delusions manifest from either a medical or psychiatric etiology and can be difficult to treat. Recently Couto and Gonçalves purposed that treatment should include an atypical antipsychotic alone or in combination with either a mood stabilizer or antidepressant. Here the authors advocate for a more specific but well-known psychotropic regimen, namely the combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine...

INTRODUCTION: Health services collect patient experience data to monitor, evaluate and improve services and subsequently health outcomes. Obtaining authentic patient experience information to inform improvements relies on the quality of data collection processes and the responsiveness of these processes to the cultural and linguistic needs of diverse populations. This study explores the challenges and considerations in collecting authentic patient experience information through survey methods with Australians who primarily speak First Nations languages...

BACKGROUND: Due to the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, especially in Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), post-partum infections represent a significant treatment challenge. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature from January 2005 to February 2023 to quantify the frequency of maternal post-partum infections due to MDR pathogens in LMICs, focusing on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and/or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales...

A novel C-N axially chiral molecule composed of two tert -butyl-substituted benzo[ b ]phenoxazine (BPO) was synthesized via solvent-free reactions. The absolute configurations of the enantiomers were determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis. The enantiomers had a sufficiently high racemization barrier to ignore racemization at room temperature (149 ± 20 kJ mol-1 ), and the solutions exhibited dual circularly polarized emissions stemming from fluorescence and phosphorescence of | g CPL | = ca. 1 × 10-3 ...

This narrative review systematically explores the progression of materials and techniques in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). We commence by delineating the evolution from traditional ARP methods to cutting-edge alternatives, including platelet-rich fibrin, injectable bone repair materials, and hydrogel systems. Critical examination of various studies reveals these innovative approaches not only accelerate bone healing but also significantly improve patient-reported outcomes, such as satisfaction, pain perception, and overall quality of life...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate differences in the anti-hepatitis A (HAV) antibody seropositivity rate by age and gender. METHODS: We collected information on anti-HAV immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M status from samples submitted for HAV antibody testing in 2012-2022. A total of 1,333,615 cases were included in the analysis. RESULTS: By age, the seropositivity rate was represented by a U-shaped curve, such that the rate was low for the group aged 20 to 39 years and higher in those who were younger or older...

(1) Background: Accurate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is essential for the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD), targeted interventions, and ongoing monitoring. Although various equations for calculating eGFR exist, comparative studies on eGFR levels and the impact of these equations on CKD prevalence are limited in the Korean population. (2) Methods: We compared eGFR levels calculated using seven equations and investigated the prevalence of CKD through a retrospective analysis of the data from Korean adult patients who visited local clinics and hospitals and underwent simultaneous serum creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (Cys-C) measurements...

BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution is linked to a higher risk of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes. However, the association between pregnancy complications and exposure to indoor air pollution remains unclear. The Air Pollution on Pregnancy Outcomes research is a hospital-based prospective cohort research created to look into the effects of aerodynamically exposed particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 on pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: This prospective multicenter observational cohort study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2023...

This study investigated the leaching of phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers from polyvinyl chloride microplastics (MPs) into sediment and their degradation over a 30-d period via abiotic and biotic processes. The results showed that 3579% of plasticizers were released into the sediment from the MPs and > 99.9% degradation was achieved. Although a significantly higher degradation was found in plasticizer-added microcosms under biotic processes (overall, 94%), there was a noticeable abiotic loss (72%), suggesting that abiotic processes also play a role in plasticizer degradation...

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of familial diseases characterized by progressive corticospinal tract degeneration. Clinically, patients present with lower-limb spasticity and weakness. To date, more than 80 genetic HSP types have been identified. Despite advances in molecular genetics, novel HSP gene discoveries are ongoing, with a low genetic diagnostic yield. In this study, we aimed to determine pathogenic variants in a family with HSP, which was not diagnosed through conventional genetic testing...

INTRODUCTION: Various measurement methods and imaging technique are in use to measure patellar height in pediatric patients. However, there is no gold standard as to which measurement method and modality are the most reliable for pediatric patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the inter-observer reliability, intra-observer reliability, and applicability of various patellar height measurement methods in pediatric knee. Additionaly, we analyzed the reliability across different imaging modalities...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: <p>Discontinua&shy;tion of medication still remains a key element in the treatment of medication overuse headache (MOH), but there is no consensus on the withdrawal procedure. We aimed to share the promising results of anesthetic blockade of greater occipital nerve (GON), which can be an alternative to existing treatments during the early withdrawal period of MOH treatment.</p>. METHODS: <p>This study was conducted using regular electronic medical records and headache diaries of patients diagnosed with MOH and treated with anesthetic GON blockade with 0...

BACKGROUND: Although nerve decompression surgery is an effective treatment for refractory occipital neuralgia (ON), a proportion of patients experience recurrence of pain and undergo reoperation. This study analyzes the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of reoperation following primary greater occipital nerve (GON) decompression. METHODS: 215 patients who underwent 399 primary GON decompressions were prospectively enrolled. Data included patient demographics, past medical and surgical history, reoperation rates, intraoperative findings, surgical technique, and postoperative outcomes in terms of pain frequency (days/month), duration (hours/day), intensity (scale 0-10), and migraine headache index (MHI)...

BACKGROUND: Effective surface cleaning in hospitals is crucial to prevent the transmission of pathogens. However, hospitals in low- and middle-income countries face cleaning challenges due to limited resources and inadequate training. METHODS: We assessed the effectiveness of a modified TEACH CLEAN programme for trainers in reducing surface microbiological contamination in the newborn unit of a tertiary referral hospital in The Gambia. We utilised a quasi-experimental design and compared data against those from the labour ward...