Black Female Thought

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention methods, such as the advent of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the number of people with newly acquired HIV remains high, particularly in at-risk groups. A prophylactic HIV vaccine could contribute to reduced disease prevalence and future transmission and address limitations of existing options, such as suboptimal long-term adherence to PrEPs. METHODS: This qualitative study aimed to capture perceptions towards and acceptance of prophylactic HIV vaccination in three adult populations in the United States: the general population, 'at-risk' individuals (e...

IMPORTANCE: Many surgeons cite mentorship as a critical component of training. However, little evidence exists regarding factors associated with mentorship and the influence of mentorship on trainee education or wellness. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate factors associated with surgical trainees' perceptions of meaningful mentorship, assess associations of mentorship with resident education and wellness, and evaluate programmatic variation in mentorship. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A voluntary, anonymous survey was administered to clinically active residents in all accredited US general surgery residency programs following the 2019 American Board of Surgery In-Service Training Examination...

OBJECTIVE: Given the large and complex array of suicide risk factors, theoretical frameworks are critical to furthering our understanding of risk. This study prospectively examined several key constructs of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS) in a large, geographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents. METHOD: Conducted in collaboration with the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network, adolescents, ages 12 to 17, were recruited from emergency departments...

BACKGROUND: While salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is a risk factor for hypertension, end-organ damage and death, most studies are conducted in western countries and in White people. We previously found that the prevalence of SSBP in Blacks living in Sub-Saharan Africa is as high as 75-80% like what has been reported in the west. Erythrocyte glycocalyx sensitivity to sodium (eGCSS), a marker of sodium-induced damage to the erythrocyte and vascular endothelial glycocalyx is thought to be related to blood pressure perturbations associated with salt intake...

Youth in out-of-home care are at high risk for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (STB), yet there are no known efficacious interventions that reduce STB for this population. Fostering Healthy Futures for Preteens (FHF-P) is a 9-month community-based mentoring and skills training preventive intervention for children in out-of-home care. A randomized controlled trial enrolled 156 participants aged 9-11 years who were placed in out-of-home care over the prior year. Participants were 48.9% female, 54.1% Hispanic, 30...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is safe and efficacious in treating adolescents with severe obesity. Behavioral/lifestyle programs can support successful preparation for surgery and post-MBS weight loss, but no standardized lifestyle intervention exists for adolescents. Here we describe the process of developing and adapting the Diabetes Prevention Program Group Lifestyle Balance (DPP/GLB) curriculum to support adolescents pre- and post-MBS. METHODS: We collected both qualitative and quantitative data from a diverse group of adolescents (N = 19, mean age 15...

IMPORTANCE: Black individuals are disproportionately exposed to gun violence in the US. Suicide rates among Black US individuals have increased in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether gun violence exposures (GVEs) are associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors among Black adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used survey data collected from a nationally representative sample of self-identified Black or African American (hereafter, Black) adults in the US from April 12, 2023, through May 4, 2023...

BACKGROUND: Mental health disparities were prevalent among racially and ethnically minoritized youth prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. As complete datasets from 2022 become available, we can estimate the extent to which the pandemic further magnified existing inequities. OBJECTIVE(S): To quantify disparities in trajectories of depression, anxiety, and suicide risk-related diagnoses in youth before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, using an intersectional lens of race, ethnicity and gender...

PURPOSE: We aimed to determine undergraduate students' use and knowledge of fad diets as well as examine how appealing students found these diets given the goal of rapid weight loss and/or improved health. Twenty-three students from a Midwestern university (mean age = 19.2, mean BMI = 27.35, 69.6% female) were recruited through new student orientations for this qualitative study. Approximately 52% of participants identified as White, 30% as Black, 13% as Asian, and 4% as multi-racial...

Racial discrimination is an unfortunately common experience for Black Americans with detrimental physical and mental health consequences. Prior research has established an association between discrimination and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS); yet, trauma-related cognitions have not been studied. The majority of the existing empirical work in this area has not examined specific forms of discrimination experiences, despite potential key differences in these adversities. Relatedly, some forms of discrimination constitute "traumatic" events as defined by Criterion A for PTSD in the DSM-5 while others do not, and these distinctions have also been overlooked...

We examined how 5- to 8-year-olds ( N = 51; M age = 83 months; 27 female, 24 male; 69% White, 12% Black/African American, 8% Asian/Asian American, 6% Hispanic, 6% not reported) and adults ( N = 18; M age = 20.13 years; 11 female, 7 male) accepted or rejected different distributions of resources between themselves and others. We used a reach-tracking method to track finger movement in 3D space over time. This allowed us to dissociate two inhibitory processes. One involved pausing motor responses to detect conflict between observed information and how participants thought resources should be divided; the other involved resolving the conflict between the response and the alternative...

IMPORTANCE: Firearm violence is increasingly recognized as a public health issue, but whether physicians should intervene remains politically contested. OBJECTIVE: To explore self-described patient perspectives about the appropriateness and acceptability of health care screening for firearms. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This qualitative study recruited 50 adult patients from a primary care clinic in Chicago, Illinois, from June 7, 2019, to January 11, 2021, to participate in 1 of 12 one-time qualitative focus groups...

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of indeterminate etiology. Women are more commonly affected than men at nearly twice the incidence with black women most commonly afflicted in the United States. Osseous spinal sarcoidosis (SS) is thought to be uncommon. Such lesions are often mistaken for metastatic disease, multiple myeloma, or disseminated fungal/granulomatous infection complicating the diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment. Patients presenting with clinical and imaging features of sarcoidosis may have normal serum laboratory values further complicating diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a high-prevalence neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communicational, social, and behavioral challenges. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a group of practices and products that fall outside the realm of conventional medicine practiced worldwide. Traditional CAM is a health practice that comes from a particular culture, such as the use of Zamzam water and black seeds in Saudi Arabia. CAM comprises widely utilized practices in Saudi Arabia for children of various ages and adults...

Few Black nurses occupy positions of leadership, and even fewer Black female nurses advance to careers as nurse executives. The purpose of this 2018 study was to explore the lived experience of being Black and female when becoming a nurse executive, specifically the nuances of being both a racial and gender minority. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological method, this study explored the experiences of a purposive sample of 10 Black female nurse executives through semistructured telephone interviews. van Manen's approach and Collins' Black feminist thought as the theoretical framework guided data analysis...

BACKGROUND: Paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or lymphoma are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism resulting in increased mortality and morbidity. We hypothesised that apixaban, a direct oral anticoagulant, would safely reduce venous thromboembolism in this patient population. METHODS: PREVAPIX-ALL was a phase 3, open-label, randomised, controlled trial conducted in 74 paediatric hospitals in 9 countries. Participants aged 1 year or older to younger than 18 years with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pre-B cell or T cell) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (B cell or T cell immunophenotype) and a central venous line in place throughout induction were randomly assigned 1:1 to standard of care (SOC, ie, no systemic anticoagulation) or weight-adjusted twice-daily apixaban during induction...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to analyze the associations between movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep), independently and jointly, and suicidal thoughts/ideation among Brazilian adolescents according to race/ethnicity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study surveyed 4,081 adolescents aged 15-19 years (49.9% females) across all Brazilian geographic regions. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Within the sample, 31.0% (n = 1,264) self-reported as White and 69...

BACKGROUND: Intradialytic hypertension, defined as an increase in BP from pre- to post-hemodialysis (HD), affects 5%-15% of patients receiving maintenance HD and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Hypervolemia is believed to be a major etiological factor, yet the association of more objective biomarkers of volume status with intradialytic hypertension is not well described. METHODS: In a post hoc analysis of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network Daily Trial ( n =234), using data from baseline, 1-, 4-, and 12-month visits ( n =800), we used random-effects regression to assess the association of bioimpedance estimates of volume (vector length) with post-HD systolic BP (continuous) and any increase in systolic BP (categorical) from pre- to post-HD...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about when youth may be at greatest risk for attempting suicide, which is critically important information for the parents, caregivers, and professionals who care for youth at risk. This study used adolescent and parent reports, and a case-crossover, within-subject design to identify 24-hour warning signs (WS) for suicide attempts. METHODS: Adolescents ( N = 1094, ages 13 to 18) with one or more suicide risk factors were enrolled and invited to complete bi-weekly, 8-10 item text message surveys for 18 months...

Sleep-related infant deaths, now called sudden unexpected infant deaths, are not declining, and the United States continues to have greater rates than most other developed nations. Health disparities are significant, with death rates greater in certain vulnerable groups, including non-Hispanic Black infants. Nurses play a crucial role in educating, role-modeling, and problem-solving with parents. Thus, it is critical for nurses to stay current with the science, prevention recommendations, and societal decisions and debates surrounding this topic...