modified electroconvulsive therapy

BACKGROUD: Catatonia encompasses a group of severe psychomotor syndromes affecting patients' motor, speech, and complex behaviors. Common features include rigidity, reduced mobility, speech, sputum production, defecation, and eating. Risks associated with catatonia, such as increased muscle tension and reduced swallowing and coughing reflexes, along with risks from therapeutic approaches like prolonged bed rest and sedative drugs, can elevate the risk of aspiration pneumonia, severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure...

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of sugammadex used in reversing neuromuscular blockade in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) procedures on patient recovery and hemodynamic measurements. METHODS: Anesthesia induction was performed using propofol (1 mg/kg) and rocuronium (0.4 mg/kg). Patients were classified into group 2 (2 mg/kg) and group 3 (3 mg/kg) according to the dose of sugammadex used to reverse neuromuscular blockade...

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments in psychiatry. However, it has many cognitive and non-cognitive adverse effects (AEs). There are lacunae in the literature on systematic assessment of non-cognitive AEs. There is a need for a standard, comprehensive and specific clinical tool to evaluate this. Hence, a checklist of short-term AEs of ECT (SAVE) with a 2-phase assessment was developed. Content validation was done using 15 experts' ratings and predefined content validity ratio and index (CVR and CVI) in a two-stage modified Delphi method...

BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a significant contemporary medical treatment modality for various mental disorders that have not responded to other treatments. YouTube is a valuable place to get health-related educational content that can have a big impact on patients' and their primary caregivers' behaviors and decisions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to analyze the content of YouTube videos related to ECT to investigate the quality and reliability of videos as supportive information for patients and their primary caregivers...

BACKGROUND: Clozapine is considered the gold standard medication for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). However, given that clozapine treatment is associated with the burden of regular blood monitoring and the risk of life-threatening adverse effects, high-dose olanzapine can serve as an alternative treatment. We conducted a bidirectional mirror-image study to evaluate the effectiveness of high-dose olanzapine compared with clozapine. METHODS: We included patients with TRS who switched from olanzapine to clozapine or switched from clozapine to olanzapine, and received high-dose (>20 mg/d) olanzapine treatment for ≥4 weeks at Yamanashi Prefectural Kita Hospital...

OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains a mainstay treatment option in psychiatry. This study aims to determine the occurrence of oral injury from ECT modified with the use of an inexpensive, disposable, hand-made oral protector customized to the dental needs of the individual patient. METHOD: Based on data collected between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018, registered patients who had received ECT were evaluated retrospectively...

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The practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) varies both between and within countries. We aimed to review historical and current trends in ECT practices, perceptions, and legislations in South Asia, a region with a high burden of mental illness and suicide. We searched MEDLINE (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases for relevant literature on ECT from each country. Additionally, a team of country-specific investigators performed supplemental searches and contacted key country contacts for relevant information...

BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-accepted intervention for treatment-resistant, serious mental illnesses. Its acceptability, efficacy, and tolerability are well documented in high-income settings, but less so in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This report is a narrative review of ECT practice in the latter setting. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using Medline and PubMed. Initial results yielded 81 publications in English...

BACKGROUND: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious and disabling movement disorder; it impairs social function and quality of life and increases the mortality rate. TD is usually induced by the use of antipsychotic drugs; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Pharmacotherapy of TD includes cholinergic drugs, benzodiazepines, ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), antioxidants, amantadine, propanolol, botulinum toxin, valbenazine, and deutetrabenazine, whereas the non-pharmacotherapy approach includes modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) and deep brain stimulation...

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe, effective and non-invasive form of neuromodulatory therapy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is associated with increased peripheral and brain inflammation. The current paper aims to provide an overview of research examining the relationship between immune and inflammatory markers and response to rTMS in MDD. METHODS: A scoping review method was adopted in keeping with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines...

It is challenging to manage schizophrenic catatonia and comorbid chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO). The pathology of catatonia is unclear. There are few reports or research on this issue. In this case, we present a middle-aged woman diagnosed with schizophrenia with catatonic features and comorbid CIPO. In the treatment process, modified electroconvulsive therapy (mECT) improved her stupor and CIPO partially. Lorazepam alleviated her stupor and CIPO completely. It is the first report describing complete remission with lorazepam in patient suffering from comorbid schizophrenic catatonia and CIPO, which may benefit the exploration of pathophysiology and treatment of comorbidity of schizophrenia with catatonia and CIPO...

OBJECTIVE: The cause of cognitive side-effects after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is largely unknown. Alterations in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been considered in several recent ECT studies. We therefore found it worthwhile to perform a systematic review of the literature to examine if electrically induced seizures affect the permeability of the BBB. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched 16 November 2022. Studies with a direct measurement of BBB permeability in animals treated with modified electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) and in humans treated with ECT were included...

INTRODUCTION: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects a significant number of individuals worldwide. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most common comorbidities reported in people with OCD. The emergence of MDD in individuals with OCD can be attributed to the increased severity of OCD symptoms and their profound impact on daily functioning. Depressive symptoms can also modify the course of OCD. AREAS COVERED: In this review, the authors explore potential shared neurobiological mechanisms that may underlie both OCD and MDD, such as disturbed sleep patterns, immunological dysregulations, and neuroendocrine changes...

OBJECTIVES: Modified ECT is routinely conducted using face mask (FM) and bag ventilation technique. Trans-nasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) is a novel hands-free insufflation technique that provides oxygenation and prolongs apnoea time. There is limited literature comparing the two techniques. Primary objective of this study was to compare oxygen desaturation between THRIVE and FM techniques during ECT while secondary objective was to compare hemodynamics and complications...

OBJECTIVE: Generally autoimmune encephalitis (AE) cases present with central nervous system symptoms. Many types of autoantibodies are associated with autoimmune encephalitis, with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor being the most commonly reported. However, autoimmune encephalitis cases with autoantibodies targeting unknown epitopes are increasingly recognized. This article aims to summarize the clinical experience and assess the feasibility of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) as an adjunctive treatment method for autoimmune encephalitis patients with poor response to first-line immunotherapy and mainly displaying psychiatric symptoms...

BACKGROUND: Treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS), accounting for approximately 30% of all schizophrenia cases, has poor treatment response and prognosis despite treatment with antipsychotic drugs. AIM: To analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with olanzapine (OLZ) and amisulpride (AMI) for TRS and its influence on the patient's cognitive function. METHODS: This study enrolled 114 TRS patients who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between July 2019 and July 2022...

Depression with an estimated prevalence of 35% is a frequent manifestation of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), having negative effects on cognitive performance and life expectancy, yet the underlying neurobiology is poorly understood and most likely heterogeneous. Depressive symptoms in DLB can occur during the clinical course and, together with apathy, is a common prodromal neuropsychiatric symptom of this neurocognitive disorder in the group of Lewy body synucleinopathies. There are no essential differences in the frequency of depression in DLB and Parkinson disease-dementia (PDD), while its severity is up to twice as high as in Alzheimer disease (AD)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) in patients with schizophrenia and provide a reference for the selection of safe and effective treatment options in clinical practice. METHODS: A total of 200 patients with schizophrenia, who were admitted to Wuhan Wudong Hospital Psychiatric Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020, were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into an observation group and a control group (100 cases in each group) according to a random number table...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the current indications and principles of ECT. Contemporary anesthetic considerations are described with a focus on the optimal use of hypnotic agents and providing ECT in pregnant patients. RECENT FINDINGS: ECT is useful in treatment-resistant major depression, bipolar disorders, and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It is a well tolerated treatment in pregnant patients with treatment-resistant depression. Cognitive side effects may be attenuated by using unilateral placement of scalp electrodes, fewer treatment sessions, and the use of ultrabrief pulse width of the electrical charge...