keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537162/advancing-bone-targeted-drug-delivery-leveraging-biological-factors-and-nanoparticle-designs-to-improve-therapeutic-efficacy
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Baixue Xiao, Marian A Ackun-Farmmer, Emmanuela Adjei-Sowah, Yuxuan Liu, Indika Chandrasiri, Danielle S W Benoit
Designing targeted drug delivery systems to effectively treat bone diseases ranging from osteoporosis to nonunion bone defects remains a significant challenge. Previously, nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled from diblock copolymers of poly(styrene- alt -maleic anhydride)- b -poly(styrene) (PSMA- b -PS) delivering a Wnt agonist were shown to effectively target bone and improve healing via the introduction of a peptide with high affinity to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), an enzyme deposited by the osteoclasts during bone remodeling...
March 27, 2024: ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536976/an-insight-into-seed-priming-response-of-crotalaria-ochroleuca-and-crotalaria-spectabilis-during-storage
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B N P Silva, T E Masetto, L G Rocha
The proper establishment of plants is essential for the efficient use of resources such as water and light. Besides, even after seed storage and sowing the uniform establishment of plants is essential for their success. Crotalaria ochroleuca and Crotalaria spectabilis are important medicinal plants with poor seed germination rate, occasionally. The effects of seed priming in both C. ochroleuca and C. spectabilis were evaluated in seed performance even after seeds storage for up 90-days. Experimental assays were performed in a randomized design with gibberellic acid (GA3, 100 ppm), polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000, -0...
2024: Brazilian Journal of Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536975/bovine-rabies-cases-in-ecuador-a-retrospective-cross-sectional-observational-study-2007-to-2020
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D F Maldonado-Arias, S A Guamán-Rivera, J M Mira-Naranjo, N R Ortiz-Naveda
The hematophagous bats are usually the main reservoir of sylvatic rabies, being one of the most important viral zoonoses affecting humans and livestock in Latin America. Despite the most countries have already studied spatio-temporal distribution of bovine rabies, however, in Ecuador, little has been reported about the state of rabies in the country. Aiming to this objective, a descriptive observational study was realized from 2007 to 2020 based on the formal reports by WAHI-OIE and surveillance of bovine rabies retrieved from its official website...
2024: Brazilian Journal of Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536948/control-etched-ti-3-c-2-t-x-mxene-nanosheets-for-a-low-voltage-operating-flexible-memristor-for-efficient-neuromorphic-computation
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeny Gosai, Mansi Patel, Lingli Liu, Aziz Lokhandwala, Parth Thakkar, Mun Yin Chee, Muskan Jain, Wen Siang Lew, Nitin Chaudhari, Ankur Solanki
Hardware neural networks with mechanical flexibility are promising next-generation computing systems for smart wearable electronics. Overcoming the challenge of developing a fully synaptic plastic network, we demonstrate a low-operating-voltage PET/ITO/p-MXene/Ag flexible memristor device by controlling the etching of aluminum metal ions in Ti3 C2 T x MXene. The presence of a small fraction of Al ions in partially etched MXene (p-Ti3 C2 T x ) significantly suppresses the operating voltage to 1 V compared to 7 V from fully Al etched MXene (f-Ti3 C2 T x )-based devices...
March 27, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536924/different-components-of-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-affect-specific-cognitive-mechanisms
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agnes Norbury, Tobias U Hauser, Stephen M Fleming, Raymond J Dolan, Quentin J M Huys
Psychological therapies are among the most effective treatments for common mental health problems-however, we still know relatively little about how exactly they improve symptoms. Here, we demonstrate the power of combining theory with computational methods to parse effects of different components of cognitive-behavioral therapies onto underlying mechanisms. Specifically, we present data from a series of randomized-controlled experiments testing the effects of brief components of behavioral and cognitive therapies on different cognitive processes, using well-validated behavioral measures and associated computational models...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536923/lupus-susceptibility-gene-pbx1-controls-the-development-stability-and-function-of-regulatory-t-cells-via-rtkn2-expression
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seung-Chul Choi, Yuk Pheel Park, Tracoyia Roach, Damian Jimenez, Amanda Fisher, Mojgan Zadeh, Longhuan Ma, Eric S Sobel, Yong Ge, Mansour Mohamadzadeh, Laurence Morel
The maintenance of regulatory T (Treg ) cells critically prevents autoimmunity. Pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor 1 ( Pbx1 ) variants are associated with lupus susceptibility, particularly through the expression of a dominant negative isoform Pbx1-d in CD4+ T cells. Pbx1-d overexpression impaired Treg cell homeostasis and promoted inflammatory CD4+ T cells. Here, we showed a high expression of Pbx1 in human and murine Treg cells, which is decreased in lupus patients and mice. Pbx1 deficiency or Pbx1-d overexpression reduced the number, stability, and suppressive activity of Treg cells, which increased murine responses to immunization and autoimmune induction...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536922/the-sun-s-differential-rotation-is-controlled-by-high-latitude-baroclinically-unstable-inertial-modes
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuto Bekki, Robert H Cameron, Laurent Gizon
Rapidly rotating fluids have a rotation profile that depends only on the distance from the rotation axis, in accordance with the Taylor-Proudman theorem. Although the Sun was expected to be such a body, helioseismology showed that the rotation rate in the convection zone is closer to constant on radii. It has been postulated that this deviation is due to the poles being warmer than the equator by a few degrees. Using numerical simulations, we show that the pole-to-equator temperature difference cannot exceed 7 kelvin as a result of the back-reaction of the high-latitude baroclinically unstable inertial modes...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536916/a-different-interpretation-of-the-diana-fmri-signal
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valerie Doan Phi Van, Sajal Sen, Alan Jasanoff
Direct detection of neural activity by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been a longstanding goal in neuroscience. A recent study argued that it is possible to detect neuroelectrical potentials using a specialized fMRI scanning approach the authors termed "direct imaging of neuronal activity" (DIANA). We implemented DIANA in anesthetized rats and measured responses to somatosensory stimulation, reproducing core findings of the original study. We show, however, that neural activity is neither sufficient nor necessary to produce such results...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536910/changes-in-an-enzyme-ensemble-during-catalysis-observed-by-high-resolution-xfel-crystallography
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathan Smith, Medhanjali Dasgupta, David C Wych, Cole Dolamore, Raymond G Sierra, Stella Lisova, Darya Marchany-Rivera, Aina E Cohen, Sébastien Boutet, Mark S Hunter, Christopher Kupitz, Frédéric Poitevin, Frank R Moss, David W Mittan-Moreau, Aaron S Brewster, Nicholas K Sauter, Iris D Young, Alexander M Wolff, Virendra K Tiwari, Nivesh Kumar, David B Berkowitz, Ryan G Hadt, Michael C Thompson, Alec H Follmer, Michael E Wall, Mark A Wilson
Enzymes populate ensembles of structures necessary for catalysis that are difficult to experimentally characterize. We use time-resolved mix-and-inject serial crystallography at an x-ray free electron laser to observe catalysis in a designed mutant isocyanide hydratase (ICH) enzyme that enhances sampling of important minor conformations. The active site exists in a mixture of conformations, and formation of the thioimidate intermediate selects for catalytically competent substates. The influence of cysteine ionization on the ICH ensemble is validated by determining structures of the enzyme at multiple pH values...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536909/atom-by-atom-imaging-of-moir%C3%A3-transformations-in-2d-transition-metal-dichalcogenides
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yichao Zhang, Ji-Hwan Baek, Chia-Hao Lee, Yeonjoon Jung, Seong Chul Hong, Gillian Nolan, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Gwan-Hyoung Lee, Pinshane Y Huang
Understanding the atomic-scale mechanisms that govern the structure of interfaces is critical across materials systems but particularly so for two-dimensional (2D) moiré materials. Here, we image, atom-by-atom, the thermally induced structural evolution of twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides using in situ transmission electron microscopy. We observe low-temperature, local conversion of moiré superlattice into nanoscale aligned domains. Unexpectedly, this process occurs by nucleating a new grain within one monolayer, whose crystal orientation is templated by the other...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536893/urinary-proteomics-reveals-biological-processes-related-to-acute-kidney-injury-in-bothrops-atrox-envenomings
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisele Maria Brasileiro-Martins, Sofia Angiole Cavalcante, Thaís Pinto Nascimento, Alexandre Vilhena Silva-Neto, Marlon Dias Mariano Santos, Amanda C Camillo-Andrade, Juliana de Saldanha da Gama Fischer, Caroline Coelho Ferreira, Lucas Barbosa Oliveira, Marco Aurelio Sartim, Allyson Guimarães Costa, Manuela B Pucca, Fan Hui Wen, Ana Maria Moura-da-Silva, Jacqueline Sachett, Paulo Costa Carvalho, Priscila Ferreira de Aquino, Wuelton M Monteiro
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical systemic complication caused by Bothrops envenoming, a neglected health problem in the Brazilian Amazon. Understanding the underlying mechanisms leading to AKI is crucial for effectively mitigating the burden of this complication. This study aimed to characterize the urinary protein profile of Bothrops atrox snakebite victims who developed AKI. We analyzed three groups of samples collected on admission: healthy subjects (controls, n = 10), snakebite victims who developed AKI (AKI, n = 10), and those who did not evolve to AKI (No-AKI, n = 10)...
March 27, 2024: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536872/membrane-contact-sites-regulate-vacuolar-fission-via-sphingolipid-metabolism
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuki Hanaoka, Kensuke Nishikawa, Atsuko Ikeda, Philipp Schlarmann, Saku Sasaki, Sotaro Fujii, Sayumi Yamashita, Aya Nakaji, Kouichi Funato
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are junctures that perform important roles including coordinating lipid metabolism. Previous studies have indicated that vacuolar fission/fusion processes are coupled with modifications in the membrane lipid composition. However, it has been still unclear whether MCS-mediated lipid metabolism controls the vacuolar morphology. Here, we report that deletion of tricalbins (Tcb1, Tcb2, and Tcb3), tethering proteins at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) and ER-Golgi contact sites, alters fusion/fission dynamics and causes vacuolar fragmentation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ...
March 27, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536815/osbp-mediated-pi-4-p-cholesterol-exchange-at-endoplasmic-reticulum-secretory-granule-contact-sites-controls-insulin-secretion
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Styliani Panagiotou, Kia Wee Tan, Phuoc My Nguyen, Andreas Müller, Affiong Ika Oqua, Alejandra Tomas, Anna Wendt, Lena Eliasson, Anders Tengholm, Michele Solimena, Olof Idevall-Hagren
Insulin is packaged into secretory granules that depart the Golgi and undergo a maturation process that involves changes in the protein and lipid composition of the granules. Here, we show that insulin secretory granules form physical contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum and that the lipid exchange protein oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) is recruited to these sites in a Ca2+ -dependent manner. OSBP binding to insulin granules is positively regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4 (PI4)-kinases and negatively regulated by the PI4 phosphate (PI(4)P) phosphatase Sac2...
March 26, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536769/reversible-c%C3%A2-n-bond-formation-controls-charge-separation-in-an-aza-diarylethene-photoswitch
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maximilian Sacherer, Sofia Gracheva, Harald Maid, Christian Placht, Frank Hampel, Henry Dube
Diarylethenes belong to the most eminent photoswitches and have been studied for many decades. They are found in virtually every field of application and have become highly valuable molecular tools for instilling light-responsiveness into materials, catalysts, biological systems, or pharmacology. In this work, we present a novel and distinct type of pyrimidine-based aza-diarylethene, which undergoes a highly unusual zwitterion-forming photoreaction. During this fully reversible process, a CN double bond is established under concomitant aromatization and thiophene-ring opening...
March 27, 2024: Journal of the American Chemical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536720/exploration-of-drug-resistance-mechanisms-in-triple-negative-breast-cancer-cells-using-a-microfluidic-device-and-patient-tissues
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wanyoung Lim, Inwoo Hwang, Jiande Zhang, Zhenzhong Chen, Jeonghun Han, Jaehyung Jeon, Bon-Kyoung Koo, Sangmin Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, Youngkwan Kim, Kenneth J Pienta, Sarah R Amend, Robert H Austin, Jee-Yin Ahn, Sungsu Park
Chemoresistance is a major cause of treatment failure in many cancers. However, the life cycle of cancer cells as they respond to and survive environmental and therapeutic stress is understudied. In this study, we utilized a microfluidic device to induce the development of doxorubicin-resistant (DOXR) cells from triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells within 11 days by generating gradients of DOX and medium. In vivo chemoresistant xenograft models, an unbiased genome-wide transcriptome analysis, and a patient data/tissue analysis all showed that chemoresistance arose from failed epigenetic control of the nuclear protein-1 (NUPR1)/histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) axis, and high NUPR1 expression correlated with poor clinical outcomes...
March 27, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536638/sublethal-concentrations-of-cadmium-and-lead-effects-on-hemato-biochemical-parameters-and-tissue-accumulation-in-wallagu-attu
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rim El Amouri, Javed Ahmed Ujan, Asif Raza, Alia Mushtaq, Muhammad Qamar Saeed, Samrah Masud, Syed Sikandar Habib, Marija Milošević, Salim S Al-Rejaie, Mohamed Mohany
The exposure of fish to heavy metals can significantly impact physiological processes and potentially lead to adverse health effects. This study assesses the effects of exposure to Cd and Pb sublethal concentrations in water on Wallagu attu. A total of 48 fish with an average body weight of 145.5 ± 26 g were distributed among three groups (control, Cd-treated, and Pb-treated) within 60 L fiberglass tanks. They were exposed to 30% sublethal concentrations of Cd and Pb for durations of 1, 15, and 30 days...
March 27, 2024: Biological Trace Element Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536569/trimethylamine-n-oxide-a-new-risk-factor-for-non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-changes-the-expression-of-mirna-34a-and-mirna-122-in-the-fatty-liver-cell-model
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhila Bahramirad, Mohammad Raman Moloudi, Mohammad Moradzad, Alina Abdollahi, Zakaria Vahabzadeh
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a multifactorial disorder with complicated pathophysiology ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) production is believed to be correlated with choline deficiency. This study investigated the expression of miRNA-34a, miRNA-122, and miRNA-192 in the fatty liver cell model treated with different concentrations of TMAO. A fatty liver cell model was developed by exposing HepG2 cells to a mixture of palmitate and oleate in a ratio of 1:2 at a final concentration of 1200 μM for 24 h...
March 27, 2024: Biochemical Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536564/metabolic-consequences-of-anabolic-steroids-insulin-and-growth-hormone-abuse-in-recreational-bodybuilders-implications-for-the-world-anti-doping-agency-passport
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo, Chiara Biasinutto, Alessandro Mangogna, Nicola Fiotti, Pierandrea Vinci, Rado Pisot, Filippo Mearelli, Bostjan Simunic, Chiara Roni, Gianni Biolo
BACKGROUND: Hormonal doping in recreational sports is a public-health concern. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) promoted the creation of the Athlete Biological Passport, aiming to monitor athlete's biological variables over time to facilitate indirect detection of doping. Detection tests for anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and growth hormone (GH) are available while insulin abuse cannot be revealed. We have determined in recreational bodybuilders the metabolic effects associated with different patterns of hormone abuse...
March 27, 2024: Sports Medicine—Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536562/exome-sequencing-identified-mutations-in-the-wnt1-and-col1a2-genes-in-osteogenesis-imperfecta-cases
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Poonam Mehta, Rahul Vishvkarma, Sushil Gupta, Naibedya Chattopadhyay, Singh Rajender
BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective tissue disorder characterized by bone deformities, fractures and reduced bone mass. OI can be inherited as a dominant, recessive, or X-linked disorder. The mutational spectrum has shown that autosomal dominant mutations in the type I collagen-encoding genes are responsible for OI in 85% of the cases. Apart from collagen genes, mutations in more than 20 other genes, such as CRTAP, CREB3L1, MBTPS2, P4HB, SEC24D, SPARC, FKBP10, LEPRE1, PLOD2, PPIB, SERPINF1, SERPINH1, SP7, WNT1, BMP1, TMEM38B, and IFITM5 have been reported in OI...
March 27, 2024: Molecular Biology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536507/oxaloacetate-as-new-inducer-for-osteogenic-differentiation-of-human-adipose-tissue-derived-mesenchymal-stem-cells-in-vitro
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatemeh Jamali Shirkoohi, Marzieh Ghollasi, Raheleh Halabian, Elahe Eftekhari, Mohsen Ghiasi
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial organelles play a crucial role in cellular metabolism so different cell types exhibit diverse metabolic and energy demands. Therefore, alternations in the intracellular distribution, quantity, function, and structure of mitochondria are required for stem cell differentiation. Finding an effective inducer capable of modulating mitochondrial activity is critical for the differentiation of specific stem cells into osteo-like cells for addressing issues related to osteogenic disorders...
March 27, 2024: Molecular Biology Reports
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