keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37329636/scoping-intergenerational-effects-of-nanoplastic-on-the-lipid-reserves-of-antarctic-krill-embryos
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily Rowlands, Tamara Galloway, Matthew Cole, Ceri Lewis, Christian Hacker, Victoria L Peck, Sally Thorpe, Sabena Blackbird, George A Wolff, Clara Manno
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) plays a central role in the Antarctic marine food web and biogeochemical cycles and has been identified as a species that is potentially vulnerable to plastic pollution. While plastic pollution has been acknowledged as a potential threat to Southern Ocean marine ecosystems, the effect of nanoplastics (<1000 nm) is poorly understood. Deleterious impacts of nanoplastic are predicted to be higher than that of larger plastics, due to their small size which enables their permeation of cell membranes and potentially provokes toxicity...
June 3, 2023: Aquatic Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37316721/krill-body-size-drives-particulate-organic-carbon-export-in-west-antarctica
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca Trinh, Hugh W Ducklow, Deborah K Steinberg, William R Fraser
The export of carbon from the ocean surface and storage in the ocean interior is important in the modulation of global climate1-4 . The West Antarctic Peninsula experiences some of the largest summer particulate organic carbon (POC) export rates, and one of the fastest warming rates, in the world5,6 . To understand how warming may alter carbon storage, it is necessary to first determine the patterns and ecological drivers of POC export7,8 . Here we show that Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) body size and life-history cycle, as opposed to their overall biomass or regional environmental factors, exert the dominant control on the POC flux...
June 2023: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37301775/transcriptome-analysis-reveals-genes-connected-to-temperature-adaptation-in-juvenile-antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yongliang Liu, Lingzhi Li, Jialiang Yang, Hongliang Huang, Wei Song
BACKGROUND: The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba (E. superba), is a key organism in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and has been widely studied. However, there is a lack of transcriptome data focusing on temperature responses. METHODS: In this study, we performed transcriptome sequencing of E. superba samples exposed to three different temperatures: -1.19 °C (low temperature, LT), - 0.37 °C (medium temperature, MT), and 3 °C (high temperature, HT)...
June 10, 2023: Genes & Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37193719/scientific-echosounder-data-provide-a-predator-s-view-of-antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M J Cox, A J R Smith, A S Brierley, J M Potts, S Wotherspoon, A Terauds
Raw acoustic data were collected in East Antarctica from the RSV Aurora Australis during two surveys: the Krill Availability, Community Trophodynamics and AMISOR Surveys (KACTAS) and the Krill Acoustics and Oceanography Survey (KAOS) in the East Antarctic (centre coordinate 66.5° S, 63° E). The KACTAS survey was conducted between 14th to 21st January and 2001, and the KAOS survey was conducted between 16 January and 1 February 2003. We examine the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) component of these surveys and provide scientific echosounder (EK500 and EK60) data collected at 38, 120 and 200 kHz, cold water (-1 °C) echosounder calibration parameters and accompanying krill length frequency distributions obtained from trawl data...
May 16, 2023: Scientific Data
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37182492/antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba-oil-high-internal-phase-emulsions-improved-the-lipid-quality-and-gel-properties-of-surimi-gel
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yinyin Lv, Xiaosong Sun, Hui Jia, Ruoyi Hao, Mráz Jan, Xianbing Xu, Shengjie Li, Xiuping Dong, Jinfeng Pan
In the study, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) prepared from Antarctic krill oil (AKO) were added into surimi and the effects on gel properties, lipid quality and stability were investigated. It is found that HIPEs-added groups exhibited higher gel strength and lower cooking loss than Oil-added counterparts. HIPEs-added groups had higher proportion of capillary water, and microstructure of HIPEs-added gels showed fewer large voids and small size droplets. HIPEs-added groups also showed less pronounced myosin heavy chain band...
May 11, 2023: Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37144326/effect-of-dietary-krill-oil-supplementation-on-horse-red-blood-cell-membrane-fatty-acid-composition-and-blood-parameters
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole Frost Nyquist, Lena Burri, Rasmus Bovbjerg Jensen
Supplementation with marine-derived n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) is linked to beneficial health effects in both humans and horses. Krill oil (KO), which is extracted from the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), is well documented as a safe and biologically available dietary supplement in humans and several animal species, but there is a lack of documentation regarding its effect as a dietary ingredient for horses...
May 5, 2023: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37121190/niche-separation-dynamics-and-transport-pattern-of-trace-elements-along-antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba-to-its-exclusive-predator-mackerel-icefish-champsocephalus-gunnari
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shulin Han, Guoping Zhu
In this study, the dynamics of the trophic niches and the accumulation and transfer of four trace elements-Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb-from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) to mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) were investigated. The results demonstrated that the average concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb in E. superba were significantly higher than those of the corresponding elements in C. gunnari. These trace elements have a biodilution effect through E. superba to C. gunnari, and Cu has the lowest biomagnification factor among those four trace elements...
April 28, 2023: Marine Pollution Bulletin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37093876/round-goby-neogobius-melanostomus-%C3%AE-13c-%C3%AE-15n-discrimination-values-and-comparisons-of-diets-from-gut-content-and-stable-isotopes-in-oneida-lake
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna M Poslednik, Thomas M Evans, James R Jackson, Anthony J VanDeValk, Thomas E Brooking, Lars G Rudstam
Gut content analyses have found that round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) are highly dependent on dreissenid mussels but stable isotope analysis has often suggested that the dreissenid contribution is lower. However, estimation of dietary contributions with stable isotopes relies on accurate discrimination factors (fractionation factors). To test if discrimination values commonly used in aquatic food web studies are suitable for round gobies, we collected round gobies from Oneida Lake, raised them for 63 days under four different diets (Chironomus plumosus, Mytilus chilensis, Dreissenia spp...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37057995/study-on-the-sensitization-and-antigenic-epitopes-of-tropomyosin-from-antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Na Lin, Hai Chi, Ling Ni, Hong Zhang, Zhidong Liu
Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ), a shrimp-like marine crustacean, has become a beneficial source of high-quality animal protein. Meanwhile, a special focus has been placed on its potential sensitization issue. In this study, a 35 kDa protein was purified and identified to be Antarctic krill tropomyosin (AkTM) by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The purified TM showed a strong IgE-binding capacity to shrimp/crab-allergic patients' sera, indicating that TM is the primary allergen in Antarctic krill...
April 14, 2023: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37041162/the-contribution-of-penguin-guano-to-the-southern-ocean-iron-pool
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oleg Belyaev, Erica Sparaventi, Gabriel Navarro, Araceli Rodríguez-Romero, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez
Iron plays a crucial role in the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll Southern Ocean regions, promoting phytoplankton growth and enhancing atmospheric carbon sequestration. In this area, iron-rich Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and baleen whale species, which are among their main predators, play a large role in the recycling of iron. However, penguins have received limited attention despite their representing the largest seabird biomass in the southern polar region. Here, we use breeding site guano volumes estimated from drone images, deep learning-powered penguin census, and guano chemical composition to assess the iron export to the Antarctic waters from one of the most abundant penguin species, the Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus)...
April 11, 2023: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37014333/peptides-from-antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba-ameliorate-acute-liver-injury-in-mice-induced-by-carbon-tetrachloride-via-activating-the-nrf2-ho-1-pathway
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meng Wang, Lei Zhang, Hao Yue, Weizhen Cai, Haowen Yin, Yingying Tian, Ping Dong, Jingfeng Wang
This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of peptides from Antarctic krill (AKP) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice and the underlying molecular mechanisms. ICR mice were pretreated with AKP (500 mg kg-1 , i.g.) and silybin (30 mg kg-1 , i.g.) for 15 days before CCl4 (0.25 mL per kg BW, i.p.) injection. To assess hepatocellular damage and molecular indices, the serum and liver tissue were evaluated at harvest. The results showed that AKP pretreatment remarkably attenuated CCl4 -induced liver injury, which was identified by the decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alleviation of hepatocyte necrosis, and inhibition of the levels of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β compared to those for silymarin...
April 4, 2023: Food & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37009788/hydrodynamics-of-the-fast-start-caridoid-escape-response-in-antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A A Connor, D R Webster
Krill are shrimp-like crustaceans with a high degree of mobility and variety of documented swimming behaviors. The caridoid escape response, a fast-start mechanism unique to crustaceans, occurs when the animal performs a series of rapid abdominal flexions and tail flipping that results in powerful backward strokes. The current results quantify the animal kinematics and three-dimensional flow field around a free-swimming Euphausia superba as it performs the caridoid escape maneuver. The specimen performs a single abdominal flexion-tail flip combination that leads to an acceleration over a 42 ms interval allowing it to reach a maximum speed of 57...
April 2, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36998765/organic-or-junk-food-microplastic-contamination-in-antarctic-krill-and-salps
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Wilkie Johnston, Elisa Bergami, Emily Rowlands, Clara Manno
Microplastics (MP) have been reported in Southern Ocean (SO), where they are likely to encounter Antarctic zooplankton and enter pelagic food webs. Here we assess the presence of MP within Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) and salps ( Salpa thompsoni ) and quantify their abundance and type by micro-Fourier transform infrared microscopy. MP were found in both species, with fibres being more abundant than fragments (krill: 56.25% and salps: 22.32% of the total MP). Polymer identification indicated MP originated from both local and distant sources...
March 2023: Royal Society Open Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36868220/the-enormous-repetitive-antarctic-krill-genome-reveals-environmental-adaptations-and-population-insights
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Changwei Shao, Shuai Sun, Kaiqiang Liu, Jiahao Wang, Shuo Li, Qun Liu, Bruce E Deagle, Inge Seim, Alberto Biscontin, Qian Wang, Xin Liu, So Kawaguchi, Yalin Liu, Simon Jarman, Yue Wang, Hong-Yan Wang, Guodong Huang, Jiang Hu, Bo Feng, Cristiano De Pittà, Shanshan Liu, Rui Wang, Kailong Ma, Yiping Ying, Gabrielle Sales, Tao Sun, Xinliang Wang, Yaolei Zhang, Yunxia Zhao, Shanshan Pan, Xiancai Hao, Yang Wang, Jiakun Xu, Bowen Yue, Yanxu Sun, He Zhang, Mengyang Xu, Yuyan Liu, Xiaodong Jia, Jiancheng Zhu, Shufang Liu, Jue Ruan, Guojie Zhang, Huanming Yang, Xun Xu, Jun Wang, Xianyong Zhao, Bettina Meyer, Guangyi Fan
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is Earth's most abundant wild animal, and its enormous biomass is vital to the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Here, we report a 48.01-Gb chromosome-level Antarctic krill genome, whose large genome size appears to have resulted from inter-genic transposable element expansions. Our assembly reveals the molecular architecture of the Antarctic krill circadian clock and uncovers expanded gene families associated with molting and energy metabolism, providing insights into adaptations to the cold and highly seasonal Antarctic environment...
March 16, 2023: Cell
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36828886/decadal-decline-in-maternal-body-condition-of-a-southern-ocean-capital-breeder
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Els Vermeulen, Terriann Thavar, Maria Glarou, Andre Ganswindt, Fredrik Christiansen
The changing physical properties of the Southern Ocean are known to impact the recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). For oceanic krill predators, the resulting reduced energy intake may lead to population-level effects likely preceded by an alteration in the animals' body condition. This is especially true for capital breeders that rely on stored energy for successful reproduction. One such Southern Ocean capital breeder, the southern right whale (Eubalaena australis), has been monitored over the past 43 years in their South African wintering ground...
February 24, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36827168/new-pyrroline-isolated-from-antarctic-krill-derived-actinomycetes-nocardiopsis-sp-lx-1-combining-with-molecular-networking
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ting Shi, Yan-Jing Li, Ze-Min Wang, Yi-Fei Wang, Bo Wang, Da-Yong Shi
Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) of the Euphausiidae family comprise one of the largest biomasses in the world and play a key role in the Antarctic marine ecosystem. However, the study of E. superba -derived microbes and their secondary metabolites has been limited. Chemical investigation of the secondary metabolites of the actinomycetes Nocardiopsis sp. LX-1 (in the family of Nocardiopsaceae ), isolated from E. superba , combined with molecular networking, led to the identification of 16 compounds a - p (purple nodes in the molecular network) and the isolation of one new pyrroline, nocarpyrroline A ( 1 ), along with 11 known compounds 2 - 12 ...
February 15, 2023: Marine Drugs
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36731553/microplastics-in-antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba-from-antarctic-region
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenbin Zhu, Wenbo Liu, Yuanchen Chen, Kaizhen Liao, Wenfei Yu, Hangbiao Jin
Pollution of microplastics (MPs) has become a potential threat to Antarctic marine ecosystems. However, the occurrence of MPs in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), a keystone species in Antarctic ecosystems, remains unclear. In this study, the abundance and characteristics of MPs were examined in Antarctic krill samples (n = 437) collected from two Antarctic regions. MPs were extracted using an alkali digestion method and analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The mean abundance of MPs in Antarctic krill samples from the South Shetland Islands (n = 355) and the South Orkney Islands (n = 82) were 0...
January 30, 2023: Science of the Total Environment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36496576/effects-of-tea-polyphenol-and-its-combination-with-other-antioxidants-added-during-the-extraction-process-on-oxidative-stability-of-antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba-oil
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ziwei Wang, Fujun Liu, Ying Luo, Xiangbo Zeng, Xuechen Pei, Guanhua Zhao, Min Zhang, Dayong Zhou, Fawen Yin
Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) oil contains high levels of marine omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In industrial production, krill oil is usually extracted from krill meals by using ethanol as a solvent. Water in the krill meal can be easily extracted by using ethanol as an extraction solvent. During the extraction process, the EPA and DHA are more easily oxidized and degraded when water exists in the ethanol extract of krill oil...
November 23, 2022: Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36264805/antarctic-marine-life-under-pressure
#39
EDITORIAL
Bettina Meyer, So Kawaguchi
Next week, the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) convenes in Hobart, Tasmania, to examine the state of marine life in the Southern Ocean. As part of the Antarctic Treaty System, this convention entered into force in 1982, and its focus on the region's environmental integrity has never been more important, given the increasing effects of climate change and commercial fishing. An important focus over the past 40 years has been Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba (hereafter krill), a keystone species that helps to hold this marine ecosystem together...
October 21, 2022: Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36185650/antarctic-krill-euphausia-superba-oil-modulatory-effects-on-ethanol-induced-acute-injury-of-the-gastric-mucosa-in-rats
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luqiang Huang, Wenxin Wu, Linshan Huang, Jiaze Zhong, Lei Chen, Meiying Wang, Huibin Chen
Antarctic krill oil (KO) prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to investigate its preventive effect on ethanol-induced gastric tissue damage in a rat model in vivo . KO characterization showed that 74.96% of the unsaturated fatty acids consist of oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Rats pre-treated with KO (100, 200, and 500 mg/kg) showed mitigated oxidative stress through enhanced antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing enzymes malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in gastric mucosal injury induced by ethanol...
2022: Frontiers in Nutrition
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