Dysfunction cognitive

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that cognitive dysfunction significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) has emerged as a potential intervention for cognitive dysfunction. However, consensus on the iTBS protocol for cognitive impairment is lacking. METHODS: We conducted searches in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database from their inception to January 2024...

Not all women experiencing pelvic floor complaints and sexual function problems seek help in pelvic physical therapy practice. Decisions to seek help can result from explicit and implicit cognitive processes. Having found some explicit predictive factors for receiving help in this setting, this study examines possible complementary implicit associations between sexual function problems and pursuing help that might also be predictive. The Pursuing Help for Sexual Problems Implicit Association Test (PHSP-IAT) was specially developed for this purpose...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cognitive dysfunction is highly prevalent in obese people, and food is a key factor in obesity, and dietary inflammatory index (DII) can reflect whether diet has anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory potential. In addition, dietary fatty acid consumption is linked to inflammation, obesity, and cognitive impairment. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids can reflect dietary fatty acid intake. Our hypothesis was that erythrocyte membrane fatty acids might have a significant impact on the relationship between DII and cognition in obese individuals, and we designed experiments to test the hypothesis...

As a crucial component of the cerebral cholinergic system and the Papez circuit in the basal forebrain, dysfunction of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. However, no drugs, including existing cholinesterase inhibitors, have been shown to reverse this dysfunction. Due to advancements in neuromodulation technology, researchers are exploring the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy targeting the NBM (NBM-DBS) to treat mental and neurological disorders as well as the related mechanisms...

Astrocytes represent the most abundant cell type in the brain, where they play critical roles in synaptic transmission, cognition, and behavior. Recent discoveries show astrocytes are involved in synaptic dysfunction during Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD patients have imbalanced cholesterol metabolism, demonstrated by high levels of side-chain oxidized cholesterol known as 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OH). Evidence from our laboratory has shown that elevated 27-OH can abolish synaptic connectivity during neuromaturation, but its effect on astrocyte function is currently unclear...

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a serious complication of sepsis. The tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6) gene encodes the Fas protein, and it participates in apoptosis induced in different cell types. This study aimed to explore TNFRSF6 function in SAE. The SAE mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS in TNFRSF6-/- mice and C57BL/6J mice. Microglia were treated with LPS to establish the cell model. The learning, memory and cognitive functions in mice were tested by behavioral tests...

Chronic hyperglycaemia is a chief feature of diabetes mellitus and complicates with many systematic anomalies. Non-human primates (NHPs) are excellent for studying hyperglycaemia or diabetes and associated comorbidities, but lack behavioural observation. In the study, behavioural, brain imaging and histological analysis were performed in a case of spontaneously hyperglycaemic (HGM) Macaca fascicularis. The results were shown that the HGM monkey had persistent body weight loss, long-term hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, but normal concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, insulin autoantibody, islet cell antibody and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody...

In severe epileptic encephalopathies, epileptic activity contributes to progressive cognitive dysfunction. Epileptic encephalopathies share the trait of spike-wave activation during non-rapid eye movement sleep (EE-SWAS), a sleep stage dominated by sleep spindles, brain oscillations known to coordinate offline memory consolidation. Epileptic activity has been proposed to hijack the circuits driving these thalamocortical oscillations, thereby contributing to cognitive impairment. Using a unique dataset of simultaneous human thalamic and cortical recordings in subjects with and without EE-SWAS, we provide evidence for epileptic spike interference of thalamic sleep spindle production in patients with EE-SWAS...

BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common neurological complication of anesthesia and surgery in aging individuals. Neuroinflammation has been identified as a hallmark of POCD. However, safe and effective treatments of POCD are still lacking. Itaconate is an immunoregulatory metabolite derived from the tricarboxylic acid cycle that exerts anti-inflammatory effects by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of 4-octyl itaconate (OI), a cell-permeable itaconate derivative, on POCD in aged mice...

The association between dysfunctional microglia and amyloid-β (Aβ) is a fundamental pathological event and increases the speed of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, the pathogenesis of AD is intricate and a single drug may not be enough to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic outcome. Herein, we reported a facile and effective gene therapy strategy for the modulation of microglia function and intervention of Aβ anabolism by ROS-responsive biomimetic exosome-liposome hybrid nanovesicles (designated as TSEL)...

INTRODUCTION: Vascular diseases, such as stroke and heart failure (HF), are associated with cognitive decline. Vascular cognitive impairment (CI) is commonly found in patients who had a stroke and with HF, ranging from mild CI to dementia. Early detection of CI is crucial for effective management and rehabilitation. This study aimed to develop the VasCog Screen test, a screening tool to detect CI in patients who had a stroke and with HF. METHOD: 427 patients who had a stroke and with HF were assessed using cognitive measures including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a formal neuropsychological battery...

Sorting nexin (SNX) 27 is a unique member of the SNX family of proteins that mediates the endosome-to-plasma membrane trafficking of cargos bearing a PSD95/Dlg1/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding motif. In brain, SNX27 regulates synaptic plasticity, and its dysregulation contributes to cognitive impairment and neuronal degeneration. In T lymphocytes, SNX27 partners with diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase ζ (DGKζ) to facilitate polarized traffic and signaling at the immune synapse (IS). By silencing SNX27 expression in a human T cell line, we demonstrate that SNX27 is a key regulator of the early T cell tyrosine-based signaling cascade...

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic resonance imaging can detect neurodegenerative iron accumulation in the motor cortex, called the motor band sign. This study aims to evaluate its sensitivity/specificity and correlations to symptomatology, biomarkers, and clinical outcome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS: This prospective study consecutively enrolled 114 persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 79 mimics referred to Karolinska University Hospital, and also 31 healthy controls...

Correction for 'Therapeutic effects of a walnut-derived peptide on NLRP3 inflammasome activation, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive dysfunction in T2DM mice' by Yanru Li et al. , Food Funct. , 2024, 15 , 2295-2313, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO05076A.

BACKGROUND: Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a major cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly and a co-factor in the development and progression of most neurodegenerative diseases. With the continuing development of neuroimaging, multiple markers can be combined to provide richer biological information, but little is known about their diagnostic value in VCI. METHODS: A total of 83 subjects participated in our study, including 32 patients with vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND), 21 patients with vascular dementia (VD), and 30 normal controls (NC)...

Brain fog is one of the most well-known sequelae of long COVID. It causes cognitive problems, mostly short-term memory disturbances, attention impairments, and problems with concentration. Although trials for treatment methods for brain fog have been carried out worldwide, effective methods have not yet been reported. Neurofeedback is effective for several common disorders and symptoms, including anxiety, depression, headaches, and pain. Neurofeedback is also reported to improve cognitive functions, such as processing speed and executive functions, including attention, planning, organization, problem-solving, and performance...

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in memory loss and cognitive decline. Synaptic dysfunction is an early hallmark of the disease whose effects on whole-brain functional architecture can be identified using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI). Insights into mechanisms of early, whole-brain network alterations can help our understanding of the functional impact of AD's pathophysiology. METHODS: Here, we obtained rsfMRI data in the TgF344-AD rat model at the pre- and early-plaque stages...

PURPOSE: Nicotine withdrawal is a multifaceted physiological and psychological process that can induce a spectrum of mood disturbances. Gaining a more nuanced understanding of how pure nicotine withdrawal influences cognitive control functions may provide valuable insights for the enhancement of smoking cessation programs. This study investigated changes in inhibitory control function in smokers after 2-hour nicotine withdrawal using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: 28 nicotine dependence (ND) patients and 28 health controls (HCs) completed a smoking-cued Go/No-go task containing two different types of picture stimuli, smoking-cued and neutral picture stimuli...

OBJECTIVE: Replicated evidence shows a weak or non-significant correlation between different methods of evaluating executive functions (EF). The current study investigates the association between rating scales and cognitive tests of EF in a sample of children with ADHD and executive dysfunction. METHOD: The sample included 139 children (aged 6-13) diagnosed with ADHD and executive dysfunctions. The children completed subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB)...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key neurotrophin within the brain, by selectively activating the TrkB receptor, exerts multimodal effects on neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, cellular integrity and neural network dynamics. In parallel, glucocorticoids (GCs), vital steroid hormones, which are secreted by adrenal glands and rapidly diffused across the mammalian body (including the brain), activate two different groups of intracellular receptors, the mineralocorticoid and the glucocorticoid receptors, modulating a wide range of genomic, epigenomic and postgenomic events, also expressed in the neural tissue and implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, cellular homeostasis, cognitive and emotional processing...