keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539919/matching-to-sample-task-training-of-a-killer-whale-orcinus-orca
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ayumu Santa, Koji Kanda, Tomoya Kako, Momoko Miyajima, Ikuma Adachi
Matching-to-sample tasks have been a useful method in visual cognitive studies on non-human animals. The use of touch panels in matching-to-sample tasks has contributed to cognitive studies on terrestrial animals; however, there has been a difficulty in using these devices underwater, which is one of the factors that has slowed the progress of visual studies on underwater animals. Cetaceans (e.g., dolphins and whales) are highly adapted to underwater environments, and further studies on their cognitive abilities are needed to advance our understanding of the interactions between environmental factors and the evolution of cognitive abilities...
March 7, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511229/focal-changes-in-alpha-oscillations-during-short-term-memorization-of-pain-a-high-density-electroencephalogram-study-with-source-localization
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Argitxu Caldichoury, Luis Garcia-Larrea, Maud Frot
Memories of painful events constitute the basis for assessing patients' pain. This study explores the brain oscillatory activity during short-term memorization of a nociceptive stimulus. High-density EEG activity (128 electrodes) was recorded in 13 healthy subjects during a match-to-sample sensory discrimination task, whereby participants compared the intensity of a thumb-located electric shock (S2) with a prior stimulus to the same location (S1) delivered 8-10 s earlier. Stimuli were above or below the individual nociceptive threshold...
March 21, 2024: European Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442128/cross-frequency-coupling-in-cortico-hippocampal-networks-supports-the-maintenance-of-sequential-auditory-information-in-short-term-memory
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arthur Borderie, Anne Caclin, Jean-Philippe Lachaux, Marcela Perrone-Bertollotti, Roxane S Hoyer, Philippe Kahane, Hélène Catenoix, Barbara Tillmann, Philippe Albouy
It has been suggested that cross-frequency coupling in cortico-hippocampal networks enables the maintenance of multiple visuo-spatial items in working memory. However, whether this mechanism acts as a global neural code for memory retention across sensory modalities remains to be demonstrated. Intracranial EEG data were recorded while drug-resistant patients with epilepsy performed a delayed matched-to-sample task with tone sequences. We manipulated task difficulty by varying the memory load and the duration of the silent retention period between the to-be-compared sequences...
March 2024: PLoS Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38440393/object-recognition-via-echoes-quantifying-the-crossmodal-transfer-of-three-dimensional-shape-information-between-echolocation-vision-and-haptics
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Santani Teng, Caroline Danforth, Nickolas Paternoster, Michael Ezeana, Amrita Puri
Active echolocation allows blind individuals to explore their surroundings via self-generated sounds, similarly to dolphins and other echolocating animals. Echolocators emit sounds, such as finger snaps or mouth clicks, and parse the returning echoes for information about their surroundings, including the location, size, and material composition of objects. Because a crucial function of perceiving objects is to enable effective interaction with them, it is important to understand the degree to which three-dimensional shape information extracted from object echoes is useful in the context of other modalities such as haptics or vision...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438096/cognitive-function-and-skeletal-size-and-mineral-density-at-age-6-7%C3%A2-years-findings-from-the-southampton-women-s-survey
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca J Moon, Stefania D'Angelo, Sarah R Crozier, Michelle Fernandes, Caroline Fall, Catharine R Gale, Keith M Godfrey, Justin H Davies, Cyrus Cooper, Nicholas C Harvey
INTRODUCTION: Poor cognitive function and osteoporosis commonly co-exist in later life. In women, this is often attributed to post-menopausal estrogen loss. However, a common early life origin for these conditions and the associations between cognitive function and bone mineral density (BMD) in childhood have not previously been explored. We examined these relationships at age 6-7 years in the Southampton Women's Survey (SWS) mother-offspring cohort. METHODS: Child occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), a proxy for brain volume, intelligence quotient (IQ) [Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence] and visual recognition and working memory [CANTAB® Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS) and Spatial Span Length (SSP), respectively] were assessed...
March 2, 2024: Bone
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38428545/development-and-characterization-of-an-automated-behavioral-assessment-platform-for-the-g%C3%A3-ttingen-minipig
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeffrey L Langston, Todd M Myers
The Göttingen minipig is fast becoming the standard for assessing dermal chemical hazards because, like most swine, its skin is predictive of human skin response and because this strain's smaller size makes laboratory manipulations and husbandry easier. Unfortunately, standard behavioral tests and apparatus have not been developed for behavioral assessments of this swine strain. Indeed, computer-controlled automated behavioral testing procedures are much needed. The present research advanced this goal by producing a home-cage behavioral testing system that could accommodate minipigs of various sizes (ages)...
February 28, 2024: Toxicology Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391720/extensive-visual-training-in-adulthood-reduces-an-implicit-neural-marker-of-the-face-inversion-effect
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simen Hagen, Renaud Laguesse, Bruno Rossion
Face identity recognition (FIR) in humans is supported by specialized neural processes whose function is spectacularly impaired when simply turning a face upside-down: the face inversion effect (FIE). While the FIE appears to have a slow developmental course, little is known about the plasticity of the neural processes involved in this effect-and in FIR in general-at adulthood. Here, we investigate whether extensive training (2 weeks, ~16 h) in young human adults discriminating a large set of unfamiliar inverted faces can reduce an implicit neural marker of the FIE for a set of entirely novel faces...
January 30, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390007/developing-a-hippocampal-neural-prosthetic-to-facilitate-human-memory-encoding-and-recall-of-stimulus-features-and-categories
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brent M Roeder, Xiwei She, Alexander S Dakos, Bryan Moore, Robert T Wicks, Mark R Witcher, Daniel E Couture, Adrian W Laxton, Heidi Munger Clary, Gautam Popli, Charles Liu, Brian Lee, Christianne Heck, George Nune, Hui Gong, Susan Shaw, Vasilis Z Marmarelis, Theodore W Berger, Sam A Deadwyler, Dong Song, Robert E Hampson
OBJECTIVE: Here, we demonstrate the first successful use of static neural stimulation patterns for specific information content. These static patterns were derived by a model that was applied to a subject's own hippocampal spatiotemporal neural codes for memory. APPROACH: We constructed a new model of processes by which the hippocampus encodes specific memory items via spatiotemporal firing of neural ensembles that underlie the successful encoding of targeted content into short-term memory...
2024: Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38367660/sample-comparison-mapping-and-joint-stimulus-control
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlos Pinto, José Miguel Castanheira Dinis
A matching-to-sample task with a 3-sample, 2-comparison mapping has been found to engender joint control by the stimuli that signaled the samples (keylight) and the inter-trial interval (houselight), with a trade-off in the degree of control exerted by each stimulus. To learn about the boundary conditions for the establishment of that joint stimulus control, we trained pigeons in a similar task, but featuring a one-to-one sample-comparison mapping, with two samples and two comparisons. To assess their relative influences, we ran two tests where each of the stimuli was removed: in one test, no sample keylight was presented, and in the other, the ITI was spent in darkness...
February 15, 2024: Behavioural Processes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38354261/dynamic-fading-memory-and-expectancy-effects-in-the-monkey-primary-visual-cortex
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yang Yiling, Johanna Klon-Lipok, Katharine Shapcott, Andreea Lazar, Wolf Singer
In order to investigate the involvement of the primary visual cortex (V1) in working memory (WM), parallel, multisite recordings of multi-unit activity were obtained from monkey V1 while the animals performed a delayed match-to-sample (DMS) task. During the delay period, V1 population firing rate vectors maintained a lingering trace of the sample stimulus that could be reactivated by intervening impulse stimuli that enhanced neuronal firing. This fading trace of the sample did not require active engagement of the monkeys in the DMS task and likely reflects the intrinsic dynamics of recurrent cortical networks in lower visual areas...
February 20, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38352585/the-primate-cortical-lfp-exhibits-multiple-spectral-and-temporal-gradients-and-widespread-task-dependence-during-visual-short-term-memory
#11
Steven J Hoffman, Nicholas M Dotson, Vinicius Lima, Charles M Gray
Although cognitive functions are hypothesized to be mediated by synchronous neuronal interactions in multiple frequency bands among widely distributed cortical areas, we still lack a basic understanding of the distribution and task dependence of oscillatory activity across the cortical map. Here, we ask how the spectral and temporal properties of the local field potential (LFP) vary across the primate cerebral cortex, and how they are modulated during visual short-term memory. We measured the LFP from 55 cortical areas in two macaque monkeys while they performed a visual delayed match to sample task...
January 30, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38343164/the-effects-of-a-training-package-to-teach-note-taking-on-the-formation-of-equivalence-classes
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah E Frampton, Emily Linehan
Effective note taking may enhance learning outcomes for students and serve as a directly observable form of mediation within a test context. Frampton et al. (2023) used stimulus fading to teach note taking in the form of a graphic organizer (GO) during matching-to-sample baseline relations training (MTS-BRT). Moderately high yields were observed with young adults despite the use of linear series training, abstract stimuli, and five-member classes. The present study taught the same note taking strategy using an intervention package including video illustration, voice-over instructions, and feedback to eight college students...
February 11, 2024: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38339822/wearable-functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy-for-measuring-dissociable-activation-dynamics-of-prefrontal-cortex-subregions-during-working-memory
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jung Han Shin, Min Jun Kang, Sang Ah Lee
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been extensively studied in relation to various cognitive abilities, including executive function, attention, and memory. Nevertheless, there is a gap in our scientific knowledge regarding the functionally dissociable neural dynamics across the PFC during a cognitive task and their individual differences in performance. Here, we explored this possibility using a delayed match-to-sample (DMTS) working memory (WM) task using NIRSIT, a high-density, wireless, wearable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system...
February 1, 2024: Human Brain Mapping
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38266932/changes-of-structural-functional-connectivity-coupling-and-its-correlations-with-cognitive-function-in-patients-with-major-depressive-disorder
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qi-Meng Liao, Zi-Jian Zhang, Xiao Yang, Jin-Xue Wei, Min Wang, Yi-Kai Dou, Yue Du, Xiao-Hong Ma
BACKGROUND: Previous neuroimaging studies have reported structural and functional brain abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to explore whether the coherence of structural-functional networks was affected by disease and investigate its correlation with clinical manifestations. METHODS: The severity of symptoms and cognitive function of 121 MDD patients and 139 healthy controls (HC) were assessed, and imaging data, including diffusion tensor imaging, T1 structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI, were collected...
January 22, 2024: Journal of Affective Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38262272/how-can-i-find-what-i-want-can-children-chimpanzees-and-capuchin-monkeys-form-abstract-representations-to-guide-their-behavior-in-a-sampling-task
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisa Felsche, Christoph J Völter, Esther Herrmann, Amanda M Seed, Daphna Buchsbaum
concepts are a powerful tool for making wide-ranging predictions in new situations based on little experience. Whereas looking-time studies suggest an early emergence of this ability in human infancy, other paradigms like the relational match to sample task often fail to detect abstract concepts until late preschool years. Similarly, non-human animals show difficulties and often succeed only after long training regimes. Given the considerable influence of slight task modifications, the conclusiveness of these findings for the development and phylogenetic distribution of abstract reasoning is debated...
January 22, 2024: Cognition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38145879/working-memory-gating-in-obesity-insights-from-a-case-control-fmri-study
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nadine Herzog, Hendrik Hartmann, Lieneke K Janssen, Maria Waltmann, Sean J Fallon, Lorenz Deserno, Annette Horstmann
Computational models and neurophysiological data propose that a 'gating mechanism' coordinates distractor-resistant maintenance and flexible updating of working memory contents: While maintenance of information is mainly implemented in the prefrontal cortex, updating of information is signaled by phasic increases in dopamine in the striatum. Previous literature demonstrates structural and functional alterations in these brain areas, as well as differential dopamine transmission among individuals with obesity, suggesting potential impairments in these processes...
December 23, 2023: Appetite
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38123637/automating-licking-bias-correction-in-a-two-choice-delayed-match-to-sample-task-to-accelerate-learning
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jongrok Do, Min Whan Jung, Doyun Lee
Animals often display choice bias, or a preference for one option over the others, which can significantly impede learning new tasks. Delayed match-to-sample (DMS) tasks with two-alternative choices of lickports on the left and right have been widely used to study sensory processing, working memory, and associative memory in head-fixed animals. However, extensive training time, primarily due to the animals' biased licking responses, limits their practical utility. Here, we present the implementation of an automated side bias correction system in an olfactory DMS task, where the lickport positions and the ratio of left- and right-rewarded trials are dynamically adjusted to counterbalance mouse's biased licking responses during training...
December 20, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38108797/have-we-met-new-insights-into-the-role-of-head-and-body-cues-in-the-visual-recognition-of-conspecifics-in-gray-parrots-psittacus-erithacus
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alice Auersperg
Prikrylová et al. (see record 2023-79461-001) contribute a paper to this issue in which they tested two-dimensional individual recognition of familiar subjects in African gray parrots. They not only tested familiar individual recognition per se but also the effect of manipulating individual and combined features in the head and the body of their stimuli. Notably, instead of using discrimination tasks, which have previously been applied in bird studies (e.g., Hauser & Huber-Eicher, 2004; Nakamura et al...
November 2023: Journal of Comparative Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38075505/revisiting-topography-based-and-selection-based-verbal-behavior
#19
REVIEW
Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir, Einar T Ingvarsson
In topography-based verbal behavior, different antecedent stimuli control different topographies of responding, whereas in selection-based verbal behavior, different antecedent stimuli control the selection of visually distinct stimuli from an array of options. In this article, we point out three variable characteristics of selection-based behavior, highlighted by recent technological developments, that affect its similarity to topography-based behavior: The extent to which stimuli can be constructed from minimal units, the size and composition of the selection array, and the similarity of response-produced stimuli to verbal stimuli that are prevalent in the speaker's verbal community...
December 2023: Analysis of Verbal Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38071405/dynamic-alpha-power-modulations-and-slow-negative-potentials-track-natural-shifts-of-spatio-temporal-attention
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charline Peylo, Carola Romberg-Taylor, Larissa Behnke, Paul Sauseng
Alpha power modulations and slow negative potentials have previously been associated with anticipatory processes in spatial and temporal top-down attention. In typical experimental designs, however, neural responses triggered by transient stimulus onsets can interfere with attention-driven activity patterns and our interpretation of such. Here, we investigated these signatures of spatio-temporal attention in a dynamic paradigm free from potentially confounding stimulus-driven activity using electroencephalography...
December 9, 2023: Psychophysiology
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