Walnuts and cancer

CONTEXT: Considering the accumulation of recent studies investigating the health effects of walnut consumption, both including and beyond cardiovascular health effects, a systematic review of this literature to investigate the strength of the evidence is warranted. OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between walnut consumption and outcomes with public health relevance (specifically all-cause mortality, type 2 diabetes, CVD, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, neurological and mental health, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and maternal disorders) and the effect on associated disease risk markers, reported in studies published from 2017 to present...

Despite current medical advancements, the resistance of malignant tumours to conventional medical therapies highlights the need for innovative therapeutic techniques. Numerous studies have focused on the promising application of nanomaterials in recent years. Nanoparticles (NPs) are used to treat cancer. Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) is a cancer-ablation technique in which photon energy is rapidly converted into heat by some radiative and non-radiative events. Gold NPs (Au-NPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are plasmonic NPs with excellent thermal conductivity and their near-infrared (NIR) absorbance has several interesting qualities...

In this study, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) were synthesized using fresh green walnut shell extract in microwave environment. The morphology and structure of the CONPs were determined using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Crystal purple staining, Annexin V-FITC detection, RT-PCR, P53, and NF-κB luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the mechanism of action of CONPs in breast cancer cell line (MCF7)...

BACKGROUND: Urolithin A is the metabolite of natural polyphenol ellagic acid and ellagitannins generated by gut microbiota. Urolithin A is better absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract than its parent substances. Thus, the variable effects of ellagitannin-reach food (like pomegranate fruit, walnuts, tea, and others) on people's health might be linked with the differences in individual microbiota content. Urolithin A possesses various anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, as shown by in vivo and in vitro studies...

Tree nuts are rich in polar (phenolic compounds) and non-polar (tocols) antioxidants, with recognized effects in the prevention of diseases such as cancer. These biomolecules possess antiproliferative activity on cancer cells; however, the combined effect of both types of compounds has been scarcely studied, and this approach could give valuable information on the real anticancer potential of tree nuts. In the present study, the antiproliferative activity of pure tocols and phenolic compounds, tocol- and phenolic-rich extracts (TRE and PRE, respectively) from tree nuts and the extracts combinations, was evaluated in four cancer (HeLa, MCF7, PC3, A549) and one control ( ARPE ) cell lines...

Juglans regia L., walnut, is a large, long-living tree, cultivated in temperate climates around the world. It is highly appreciated for its nutritional kernels and high-quality timber. Its barks, leaves, and husk are used as dyes and in folk medicine as herbal remedies for several diseases. From a biological and chemical standpoint, relatively little is known about the male flowers of the tree. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the phenolic profile as well as in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activity of male Juglans regia L...

One of the main hallmarks of cancer cells is the reprogramming of energy metabolism to support the high energy and metabolite demands of constant proliferation. Although previously observed as mainly a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, also known as the Warburg Effect, recent research has shown that cancer cells can utilize both pathways to make energy, which has been referred to as metabolic flux. This suggests that cancer cells can adapt to their environment by reactivating or continuing to use the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to make energy...

The mechanisms underlying the lipid-lowering effect of nuts remain elusive. This study explores whether one-year supplementation with walnuts decreases LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) by affecting the expression of circulating microRNAs (c-miRNA). In this sub-study of the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) trial, we obtained fasting serum at baseline and at 1 year from 330 free-living participants (63-79 year, 68% women), allocated into a control group (CG, abstinence from walnuts, n = 164) and a walnut group (WG, 15% of daily energy as walnuts, ~30-60 g/d, n = 166)...

The combination of photothermal therapy and chemical drug therapy shows good prospects in cancer treatment, but there are also some limitations such as low permeability of therapeutic agents and uneven photothermal therapy. Here, we synthesized a walnut-shaped polydopamine (PDA) nanomotor driven by near infrared (NIR) light. The nanomotor was modified by methoxy polyethylene glycol amine (mPEG-NH2 ) for improving water solubility. PDA-PEG loaded adriamycin through π-π accumulation and hydrogen bonding. The experimental results showed that the PDA nanomotors had good biocompatibility and photothermal effect...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Walnut kernel, a well-known TCM, is often used after being defatted in tradition. And defatted walnut powder extract (DWPE) has the actions of tonifying the liver and kidney, dissipating stagnation and removing blood stasis, which has the effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the effective components of DWPE in vivo were unclear and the multiple mechanisms of DWPE against NAFLD have not been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY: The studies were performed to screen the effective substances in vivo by identification of the metabolites of DWPE in rats and to seek the potential mechanisms of DWPE on NAFLD by construction of the network pharmacology based on metabolites and verification of the highly correlated pathway...

Nuts are characterized by high nutritional value and are recommended as a part of a healthy diet. At the same time, toxic elements could also be found in them. In this research, we measured the content of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in a wide variety of edible nuts. To determine the As content, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied. Cd and Pb were detected by the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry analytical technique (ETAAS) with Zeeman background correction, while atomic absorption spectrometry method (AAS) with the amalgamation technique in the case of Hg was used...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to 30 April 2021. STUDY SELECTION: Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from all causes, CVD, and cancer...

BACKGROUND: The associations between nut consumption and cancer risk have not been extensively investigated. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the associations between nut consumption, especially specific types of nuts (peanut, tree nut, walnut, and tree nut other than walnut), and cancer risk. METHODS: Nut consumption was assessed by FFQ at baseline and updated every 2-4 y in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2014), the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2015), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2018)...

Common nuts (tree nuts and peanuts) are energy-dense foods that nature has gifted with a complex matrix of beneficial nutrients and bioactives, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, high-quality protein, fiber, non-sodium minerals, tocopherols, phytosterols, and antioxidant phenolics. These nut components synergize to favorably influence metabolic and vascular physiology pathways, ameliorate cardiovascular risk factors and improve cardiovascular prognosis. There is increasing evidence that nuts positively impact myriad other health outcomes as well...

This study characterized the transcriptome of Cacia cretifera thibetana and explored odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and their interaction with host-specific compounds. A total of 36 samples from six different organs including antennae, head, thorax, abdomen, wings, and legs (12 groups with 3 replicates per group) from both male and female insects were collected for RNA extraction. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 89,897 transcripts as unigenes, with an average length of 1036 bp. Between male and female groups, 31,095 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs)...

Urolithins are the gut metabolites produced from ellagitannin-rich foods such as pomegranates, tea, walnuts, as well as strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, and cloudberries. Urolithins are of growing interest due to their various biological activities including cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer properties, antidiabetic activity, and antiaging properties. Several studies mostly based on in vitro and in vivo experiments have investigated the potential mechanisms of urolithins which support the beneficial effects of urolithins in the treatment of several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and various cancers...

Walnut consumption is associated with health benefits. We aimed to (1) examine the association between walnut consumption and mortality and (2) estimate life expectancy in relation to walnut consumption in U.S. adults. We included 67,014 women of the Nurses' Health Study (1998-2018) and 26,326 men of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1998-2018) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)...

Chinese Sichuan pickle is a fermented food rich in microorganisms. Microorganisms have the potential to become an important new form of potent future therapeutic capable of treating human disease. Selecting vitamin C as a positive control, a lactic acid bacteria ( Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC02, LP-CQPC02) isolated from Sichuan pickle was given to mice over 4 weeks to investigate the effect of CQPC02 on fatigue levels and biochemical oxidation phenomena in exercise-exhausted Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice...

The extraction of bioactive compounds present in walnut ( Juglans regia L.) male flowers (WMFs) was performed based on an experimental design using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Solvent nature, extraction time, and water content were selected as experimental variables, and phenolic, flavonoidic, and condensed tannins contents and antioxidant properties were evaluated. Acetone was the solvent with the highest extraction performance, with the extracts obtained using this solvent displaying an increased concentration of bioactive compounds and increased antioxidant activities...

Juglone, mainly isolates from the green walnut husks of Juglans mandshurica, exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammaroty activities. But its protection on ulcerative colitis (UC) has never been explored. In this study, we first evaluated whether juglone ameliorated UC, and investigated its effects on gut microbiota and Th17/Treg balance in DSS-induced UC mice model. The model was established by administrating 2.7% DSS for seven days. Juglone was given daily by gavage for ten days, once a day. The disease activity index (DAI) decrease and pathological characteristics improvement demonstrated that the UC in mice was alleviated by juglone...