Fitness

The masking of specific effects in in vitro assays by cytotoxicity is a commonly known phenomenon. This may result in a partial or complete loss of effect signals. For common in vitro assays, approaches for identifying and quantifying cytotoxic masking are partly available. However, a quantification of cytotoxicity-affected signals is not possible. As an alternative, planar bioassays that combine high-performance thin layer chromatography with in vitro assays, such as the planar yeast estrogen screen (p-YES), might allow for a quantification of cytotoxically affected signals...

BACKGROUND: Surgical further training faces the challenging task of reconciling technological advancements and patient safety, particularly in the context of the planned hospital reform. Additionally, the generation shift and evolving expectations of Generations Y and Z in the workplace present further challenges. In response to these demands, the Berlin-Brandenburg Surgical Society (Berlin-Brandenburgische Chirurgische Gesellschaft, BCG) initiated a structured discussion and developed a position paper during the Neuhardenberg talks (Neuhardenberger Gespräche)...

Synbiotics combine the concepts of probiotics and prebiotics to synergistically enhance the health-associated effects of both components. Previously, we have shown that the intestinal persistence of inulin-utilizing L. plantarum Lp900 is significantly increased in rats fed an inulin-supplemented, high-calcium diet. Here we employed a competitive population dynamics approach to demonstrate that inulin and GOS can selectively enrich L. plantarum strains that utilize these substrates for growth during in vitro cultivation, but that such enrichment did not occur during intestinal transit in rats fed a GOS or inulin-supplemented diet...

There is heightened awareness that a whole-of-systems approach to perpetrator responses is key to addressing domestic and family violence (DFV). This paper reports on the findings from a scoping review which mapped the international literature on how health professionals identify and respond to perpetrators of DFV within a hospital setting. A comprehensive scoping review methodology was used. The search, spanning January 2010 to January 2022, yielded 12,380 publications from four databases. Eligibility for inclusion included peer-reviewed literature with any reference to inpatient hospital health professionals identifying or responding to perpetrators of DFV...

PURPOSE: Construction of a prediction model to predict the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the long term after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHOD: Retrospective analysis of STEMI patients treated with PCI from April 2018 to April 2021 in Fuyang People's Hospital. Lasso regression was used to screen the risk factors for the first occurrence of MACE in patients, and multifactorial logistic regression analysis was used to construct a prediction model...

BACKGROUND: Despite increased research on breast cancer survivors, little is known about how socio-behavioral factors influence the symptoms among racial/ethnic minority breast cancer survivors, particularly Asian American breast cancer survivors (AABCS). OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationship between multiple socio-behavioral factors in AABCS, including attitudes, perceived barriers, and social influences, and their symptom experiences, with an emphasis on the mediating effect of self-efficacy...

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a very reliable biomarker for tissue remodeling. FAP has so far mainly been studied in oncology, but there is growing interest in the enzyme in other diseases like fibrosis. Recently, FAP-targeting diagnostics and therapeutics have emerged, of which the so-called FAPIs are among the most promising representatives. FAPIs typically have a relatively high molecular weight and contain very polar, multicharged chelator moieties. While this is not limiting the application of FAPIs in oncology, more druglike FAPIs could be required to optimally study diseases characterized by denser, less permeable tissue...

We aimed to develop a prognostic model for primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) patients and validate the predictive value of the model for a good prognosis at 90 days. A total of 254 PPH patients were included for screening of the independent predictors of prognosis, and data were analyzed by univariate and multivariable logistic regression tests. The cases were then divided into training cohort (n=219) and validation cohort (n=35) based on the two centers. A nomogram was developed using independent predictors from the training cohort to predict the 90-day good outcome and was validated from the validation cohort...

Piaractus mesopotamicus, is a fish usually farmed in semi-intensive systems with access to natural food and supplementary feed. This study evaluates effects of feed allowance on the productive performance, carbon turnover and proportions of nutrient (carbon) contribution of feed and natural food for the growth of pacu. Juvenile fish were stocked in fiberglass tanks and fed to 100, 75, 50, 25, 0% apparent satiety (ApS), with a practical, extruded (C4 photosynthetic pathway) feed in a randomized design trial (n=3); plankton production for simulated semi-intensive farming system condition was induced by chemical fertilization...

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We propose a thermodynamic model that combines the Young-Laplace equation and perturbed chain-statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state to estimate capillary condensation pressure in microporous and mesoporous sorbents. We adjust the PC-SAFT dispersion-energy parameter when the pore size becomes comparable to the molecular dimension. This modelling framework is applied to diverse systems containing associating and non-associating gases, various sorbents, and a wide range of temperatures...

BACKGROUND: Primary fit tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is widely preferred for individuals who have not undergone prior radiation. However, there is no consensus on the relative utility of primary-fit TEP in the setting of salvage laryngectomy. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center review was conducted of individuals undergoing laryngectomy with primary fit TEP between 2012 and 2018. Multivariable analysis was conducted to compare short-term and long-term complications, as well as speech and swallowing outcomes, of those who underwent primary versus salvage laryngectomy...

The increasing frequency and severity of human-caused fires likely have deleterious effects on species distribution and persistence. In 2020, megafires in the Brazilian Pantanal burned 43% of the biome's unburned area and resulted in mass mortality of wildlife. We investigated changes in habitat use or occupancy for an assemblage of eight mammal species in Serra do Amolar, Brazil, following the 2020 fires using a pre- and post-fire camera trap dataset. Additionally, we estimated the density for two naturally marked species, jaguars Panthera onca and ocelots Leopardus pardalis...

Hybrid zones provide natural experimental settings to test hypotheses about species divergence. We concentrated on a hybrid swarm in which oil-collecting bees and flower-pecking birds act as pollinators of two Calceolaria species. We asked whether both pollinators contributed to flower divergence by differentially promoting prezygotic fitness at the phenotypic extremes that represent parentals. We studied pollinator-mediated selection on phenotypic traits critical in plant-pollinator mechanical interaction, namely plant height, reward-to-stigma distance, and flower shape...

Climate change is simultaneously increasing carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2 ]) and temperature. These factors could interact to influence plant physiology and performance. Alternatively, increased [CO2 ] may offset costs associated with elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the interaction between elevated temperature and [CO2 ] may differentially affect populations from along an elevational gradient and disrupt local adaptation. We conducted a multifactorial growth chamber experiment to examine the interactive effects of temperature and [CO2 ] on fitness and ecophysiology of diverse accessions of Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae) sourced from a broad elevational gradient in Colorado...

Welcome Family is a universal, short-term nurse home visiting program designed to promote optimal maternal and infant physical and mental well-being and provide an entry point into the early childhood system of care to all families with newborns up to 8 weeks old living in defined communities in Massachusetts. The present study examines whether: 1) Welcome Family meets its goal of successfully connecting families to two early childhood programs-evidence-based home visiting (EBHV) and early intervention (EI)-relative to families with similar background experiences who do not participate in Welcome Family, and 2) whether these impacts are conditional on families' race and ethnicity and their primary language-two characteristics that are related to structural racism and health inequities...

INTRODUCTION: We investigated cognitive profiles among diverse, middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults in the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA) cohort using a cross-sectional observational study design. METHODS: Based on weighted descriptive statistics, the average baseline age of the target population was 56.4 years, slightly more than half were women (54.6%), and 38.4% reported less than a high school education. We used latent profile analysis of demographically adjusted z scores on SOL-INCA neurocognitive tests spanning domains of verbal memory, language, processing speed, and executive function...

OBJECTIVE: As an important member of the healthcare team, clinical pharmacists' occupational stress will lead to a decline in the quality of pharmaceutical care. According to person-environment fit theory, barriers of pharmaceutical care perceived by clinical pharmacists may be a potential factor influencing occupational stress. This study aimed to assess the association between the specific barriers of pharmaceutical care perceived by clinical pharmacists and their occupational stress in China...

UNLABELLED: This overview assessed the available body of published peer-reviewed systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to the effects of active exergames compared with active/passive control on physical performance outcomes in older people. The methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed using PRISMA, AMSTAR 2, and GRADE. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42023391694). The main outcomes indicate that 4,477 records, five systematic reviews, and 10 meta-analyses were included...

PURPOSE: This study is aimed at the seniors of the "2022 Taiwan Senior Citizens Fitness Club Subsidy Plan" with a sample. METHOD: The doctor will diagnose and confirm whether the physical condition suits participation. Then, the professional sports instructor will design and arrange a progressive fitness enhancement group course suitable for the Senior person's physical fitness, conducted four times a week, every 2 h, for three months of group course training...