Xray

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is an exceedingly rare congenital syndrome of chromosome 15 that presents multiple comorbidities in said individuals. The associated quality of life for those with the disease is often severely diminished; more tragically, mortality associated with the disease is also increased. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is highly associated with mortality and has been shown to be more prevalent in patients with PWS. This case report details a patient with PWS who survived an acute saddle PE and looks to bring more clinical knowledge that can be applied when dealing with individuals with PWS...

Accurate image segmentation plays a crucial role in computer vision and medical image analysis. In this study, we developed a novel uncertainty guided deep learning strategy (UGLS) to enhance the performance of an existing neural network (i.e., U-Net) in segmenting multiple objects of interest from images with varying modalities. In the developed UGLS, a boundary uncertainty map was introduced for each object based on its coarse segmentation (obtained by the U-Net) and then combined with input images for the fine segmentation of the objects...

BACKGROUND: The pressing need for precise, quick, and affordable detection of diverse biomolecules has led to notable developments in the realm of biosensors. Quercetin, a biomolecule rich in flavonoids predominantly found in our diet, is sensed by the electrochemical method. The electrochemical properties show remarkable improvement when Mn2 O3 (MO) is doped with cobalt (Co).  Aim: This study aimed to investigate the biomolecule sensing of quercetin using Co-doped MO by electrochemical method...

Congenital craniofacial malformations play an important role in upper airway obstruction. One of the main causes is mandibular hypoplasia which is present in the pierre robin sequence. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is one of the most commonly used treatments for the resolution of upper airway obstruction in patients that do not respond to a conservative treatment. We performed a long term follow up of syndromic and non-syndromic patients with pierre robin sequence where the lateral xrays were studied before surgery (T1), after MDO (T2) and long-term follow-up (T3, at least 5 years)...

Controlled insertion into a single P-P bond of white phosphorus (P4) was achieved by employing a diaryl stabilized stannylene, Ar*2Sn (Ar* = 2,6-bis(benzhydryl)-4-iPr-phenyl). Conversions of the stannylene with P4 gave a non-pyrophoric, air-stable storage compound, which releases P4 quantitively upon irradiation with light (354 or 455 nm). Alternatively, the phosphorus cage is detached by reacting the storage compound with PhChChPh (Ch = Se, Te). Despite the recent advances in the directed conversion of P4 using main group element compounds, Ar*2Sn constitutes only the second structurally characterized example of a stannylene capable of performing controlled, reversible addition and release of white phosphorus...

The re-mobilization risks of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) during stabilization deserve to be considered. In this study, artificial simulation evaluation methods based on the environmental stress of freeze-thaw (F-T), acidification and variable pH were conducted to assess the long-term effectiveness of PTEs stabilized by MgO in Pb/Zn smelter contaminated soils. Among common stabilizing materials, MgO was considered as the best remediation material, since PTEs bioavailability reduced by 55...

The early to middle Permian Dohol Formation is characterized by a significant presence of shale deposits. While these shales exhibit a low potential to generate hydrocarbons, there is a need to ascertain the possible reasons for the low hydrocarbon generation potential. Also, there are several unidentified properties and attributes associated with these shales in terms of their inorganic geochemical characteristics and their mineralogy. This study is focused on using XRF, ICPMS, and SEM with EDX to determine the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of these shales and use these data to discuss their provenance history and tectonic setting and interpret the paleoclimatic and paleoweathering conditions...

Lung abnormalities pose significant health concerns, underscoring the need for swift and accurate diagnoses to facilitate timely medical intervention. This study introduces a novel methodology for the sub-classification of lung abnormalities within chest X-rays captured via smartphones. An accurate and timely diagnosis of lung abnormalities is essential for the successful implementation of appropriate therapy. In this paper, we propose a novel approach using a Convolutional neural network (CNN) with three maximum pooling layers and early fusion for sub-classifying lung abnormalities from chest Xrays...

Accidental Foreign body aspiration, especially sharp metallic objects may lead to life threatening complications. A metallic object is identified readily on a Xray chest or CT chest and helps us in ascertaining its location. A straight pin with blunt head in the shape of pearl is used in wearing a head scarf also known as hijab to hold it in place. The head scarf pin (hijab pin) if accidentally aspirated into the airway may lead to grave complications. Hence timely intervention with suitable instrumentation is essential to prevent any lethal complications...

The automatic generation of accurate radiology reports is of great clinical importance and has drawn growing research interest. However, it is still a challenging task due to the imbalance between normal and abnormal descriptions and the multi-sentence and multi-topic nature of radiology reports. These features result in significant challenges to generating accurate descriptions for medical images, especially the important abnormal findings. Previous methods to tackle these problems rely heavily on extra manual annotations, which are expensive to acquire...

BACKGROUND: Digital X-ray imaging is essential for diagnosing osteoporosis, but distinguishing affected patients from healthy individuals using these images remains challenging. OBJECTIVE: This study introduces a novel method using deep learning to improve osteoporosis diagnosis from bone X-ray images. METHODS: A dataset of bone X-ray images was analyzed using a newly proposed procedure. This procedure involves segregating the images into regions of interest (ROI) and non-ROI, thereby reducing data redundancy...

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is recognized as a key imaging modality to bridge the diagnostic imaging gap in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). POCUS use has been shown to impact patient management decisions including referral for specialist care. This study explored the impact of POCUS use on referral decisions among trained healthcare providers working in primary rural and peri-urban health facilities in Kenya. METHODS: A concurrent mixed methods approach was used, including a locally developed survey (N = 38) and semi-structured interviews of POCUS trained healthcare providers (N = 12)...

PURPOSE: The combination of surface-guided radiation therapy (SGRT) and image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) can provide complementary information of patient positioning throughout treatments. The ExacTrac Dynamic (EXTD) system is a combined SGRT and IGRT system that can provide real-time motion detection via optical surface and thermal tracking during treatment delivery, with stereoscopic x-ray for positional verification. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of EXTD for intrafractional motion monitoring using real clinical cases...

We describe a case report of a 13 year-old a gymnastic athlete who was diagnosed with an olecranon stress fracture associated with mild medial epicondyle apophysitis, Following a brief review of the literature on this case, the researchers call attention to the significance of and imaging assessment especially MR in determining the correct diagnosis and identifying concomitant injuries. MRI findings concluded firstly a marked bone marrow edema seen at the posterior medial aspect of the olecranon with linear low signal traversing the olecranon related to a stress fracture...

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the techniques employed to unravel the structural biology of SARS-CoV-2, facilitating a deeper understanding of the virus for developing future therapeutic strategies. Various techniques such as Electron microscopy (EM) for capturing high-resolution images of the virus and X-ray crystallography used for determining atomic-level structures of viral proteins are discussed. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging is also examined as a powerful tool for visualizing the virus's structure in its native state...

Informative sample selection in an active learning (AL) setting helps a machine learning system attain optimum performance with minimum labeled samples, thus reducing annotation costs and boosting performance of computer-aided diagnosis systems in the presence of limited labeled data. Another effective technique to enlarge datasets in a small labeled data regime is data augmentation. An intuitive active learning approach thus consists of combining informative sample selection and data augmentation to leverage their respective advantages and improve the performance of AL systems...

There is a significant unmet need and lack of treatment options for patients with resected, high-risk, cisplatin-ineligible locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN). Xevinapant, a first-in-class, potent, oral, small-molecule IAP inhibitor, is thought to restore cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in clinical and preclinical studies. We describe the design of XRay Vision (NCT05386550), an international, randomized, double-blind, phase III study. Approximately 700 patients with resected, high-risk, cisplatin-ineligible LA SCCHN will be randomized 1:1 to receive 6 cycles of xevinapant or placebo, in combination with radiotherapy for the first 3 cycles...

BACKGROUND: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common developmental spine disorder among children. It is characterized by a lateral deviation of the spine that gives rise to the distinctive "S" or "C" shaped bending of the spine. The Lin School of Lingnan Region (LSLR), one of the prominent schools for bare-handed orthopaedic manipulation in southern China, provides preliminary evidences that the orthopaedic manipulation techniques help to correct deviations of the spine...

CONTEXT: Surrogate measures of childhood and adolescent obesity have impaired the understanding of body composition's relationship with insulin resistance in the young population. OBJECTIVES: We aim to examine the longitudinal associations of directly measured total fat mass, trunk fat mass, and lean mass with the risk of hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance from ages 15-24 years, the mediation path through which lipids and inflammation influence insulin resistance and whether increased fat mass temporally precede insulin resistance...

Fragility fractures are frequently reported in neuromuscular diseases and negatively influence functional prognosis, quality of life and survival. In LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy (LAMA2-MD) and SELENON(SEPN1)-related congenital myopathy (SELENON-RM) cross-sectional and prospective natural history studies on bone quality and fragility long bone fractures (LBFs) are lacking. We therefore aim to systematically assess bone quality and provide recommendations for clinical care. We performed a one-year prospective natural history study in 21 LAMA2-MD and 10 SELENON-RM patients including a standardized fracture history and bone quality assessment through dual energy Xray absorptiometry scan (DEXA-scan) and/or bone health index (BHI)...