anti psychotic

There is growing evidence that autoantibodies (AAbs) against proteins expressed in the brain are playing an important role in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we explore the presence and the role of peripheral AAbs to the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in inflammatory subgroups of psychiatric patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCZ) and healthy controls. We have identified a continuum of AAb levels in serum when employing a novel ELISA technique, with a significant elevation in patients compared to controls...

PURPOSE: In our previous study, we developed an assay system to evaluate antisocial maltreating behavior of conspecific mice using a perpetrator-victim paradigm. We also generated a mouse model for the maltreating behavior by mimicking child maltreatment or abuse. Here, we further investigate the antisocial behavior using anti-aggressive and antipsychotic drugs. METHODS: Model mice sequentially subjected to maternal separation (MS), social defeat (SD), and social isolation (SI) in that order (MS/SD/SI model) were subjected to a maltreating behavioral task...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins encoded in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G-protein Optical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells...

This prospective study examines the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with psychotic disorders compared with healthy volunteers. Participants were recruited naturalistically as part of the UK's COVID-19 vaccination programme. Prior to receiving their first COVID-19 vaccine, blood samples were provided by participants to examine anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins (IgG) at baseline, followed by a repeat assay 1 month after receiving their first vaccine to assess vaccine response. The increase of IgG levels from baseline to 1 month post-vaccination was significantly lower in patients compared with controls, supporting evidence of impaired vaccine response in people with psychotic disorders...

OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to examine the risk factors for comorbid psychosis in pediatric patients hospitalized for anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis and its impact on hospital outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS 2018-2019). We included 3,405 pediatric inpatients (age 6-17 years) with a primary discharge diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We used binomial logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of variables (demographic and comorbidities) associated with comorbid psychosis...

INTRODUCTION: Psychotic symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) have attracted increasing. Recommendations on treating psychosis often fail to take into account what psychotic symptoms require treatment, which has been complicated by the increasing number of reports documenting the frequency of 'minor' hallucinations. AREAS COVERED: this article focuses both on the phenomenology of psychotic symptoms and their management. EXPERT OPINION: Understanding the nature and implications of the types of psychotic symptoms in PD is the key to proper treatment...

Room tilt illusion (RTI) is a rare and transient perceptual disturbance in which an individual perceives their surroundings as having been rotated or tilted, usually at 90 or 180 degrees. Primarily linked with vestibular disorders and neurological lesions, this report details the only reported occurrence of the RTI phenomena in nortriptyline use for treatment-refractory depression. The patient developed RTI six days after starting the medication and the disturbance resolved after medication cessation. Although the mechanism behind such a phenomenon with medication use has not been elucidated, its etiology may rest on the effect of tricyclic antidepressants on the vestibulo-thalamo-cortical system and visual-vestibular integration...

A Consensus of Psychoimmunology Experts (Pollak et al., 2019) established a set of red flags and proposed diagnostic criteria for psychosis of autoimmune origin (AIP). Previous studies on AIP are limited by the scarcity of CSF analysis, preventing the valorization of blood anti-neuronal antibodies (Ab). The aims of this study are to determine the relative frequency and characterize AIP in a cohort of psychotic patients that underwent CSF workup. This work is a retrospective study in a tertiary psychiatric hospital...

BACKGROUND: Autoimmunity plays an important role in schizophrenia (SCZ). Autoantibodies against SFT2D2 have been reported in patients with SCZ; however, the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to describe an autoimmune model, namely, mice immunized against SFT2D2-peptides. METHODS: ApoE-/- and WT mice (C57BL/6) were immunized four times (day 0, day 14, day 21, day 35) with SFT2D2 peptide or KLH via subcutaneous injection. Behavioral tests were conducted after the third immunization, and immunochemistry of brain tissue were performed after the sacrifice of the mice...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically-relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G -protein O ptical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells...

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome known for its diverse neurological manifestations, often involving psychiatric symptoms and seizures that elevate the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. We present a case illustrating the potentially lethal nature of anti-NMDARE, wherein an unexpected suicide attempt occurred 10 days after the onset of seizures in a 21-year-old man. Upon arrival at the emergency room, immediate interventions addressed hypovolemic shock, followed by subsequent neurosurgical and orthopedic procedures...

BACKGROUND: Both abnormal glucose metabolism and anxiety have been reported to be common in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, few studies have explored glucose disturbances in first-episode and drug-naive (FEDN) MDD patients with anxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of glucose disturbance in FEND MDD patients comorbid with anxiety. METHODS: 1718 FEDN MDD patients were included in this study. The positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) were used to measure psychotic, anxiety and depressive symptoms respectively...

Evidence reveals that people with mental illnesses have a greater risk of experiencing oral diseases such as dry mouth and dental caries and have greater oral treatment needs. This is related to multifactorial causes such as factors related to the condition itself, symptoms, side effects of polypharmacy, and a lack of accessibility to dental services. This article aims to provide a summary of the reported prevalence of the most common mental illnesses in Saudi Arabia (SA), such as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorders, and dementia...

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare disease manifested by rapidly progressive short-term memory loss and other cognitive impairment accompanied by multiple disorders related to the limbic system involvement. The initial symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis may imitate other psychiatric disorders and delay the implementation of an appropriate treatment. The case description of a 15-year-old patient with an initial diagnosis of psychotic disorder has been presented. Because of atypical course of an illness and an ineffective treatment with psychotropic drugs, additional tests were made including serological tests, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and magnetic resonance imaging...

BACKGROUND: Pharmacogenetics (PGx) aims to determine genetic signatures that can be used in clinical settings to individualize treatment for each patient, including anti-cancer drugs, anti-psychotics, and painkillers. Taken together, a better understanding of the impacts of genetic variants on the corresponding protein function or expression permits the prediction of the pharmacological response: responders, non-responders, and those with adverse drug reactions (ADRs). OBJECTIVE: This work provides a comparison between innovative long-read sequencing (LRS) and short-read sequencing (SRS) techniques...

In an effort to identify novel anti-cancer agents, we employed a well-established High Throughput Screening (HTS) assay to assess the cytotoxic effect of compounds within the ChemBridge DIVERSet Library on a lymphoma cell line. This screen revealed a novel thiophene, F8 (methyl 5-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]-4-methyl-2-[(3-phenyl-2-propynoyl) amino]-3-thiophenecarboxylate), that displays anti-cancer activity on lymphoma, leukemia, and other cancer cell lines. Thiophenes and thiophene derivatives have emerged as an important class of heterocyclic compounds that have displayed favorable drug characteristics...

BACKGROUND: Antibodies against N -methyl-D-aspartate receptors are the most commonly identified cause of autoimmune encephalitis. While predominantly associated with malignancies, cases of anti- N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis have been reported after infections with the herpes-simplex virus or, more recently, in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 17-year-old male adolescent acutely developed psychosis with auditory and visual hallucinations, fluctuating mental status, and an isolated seizure 5 weeks after a mildly symptomatic COVID-19 infection...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an important contributor to both acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methylprednisolone is a glucocorticoid with potent anti-inflammatory properties with an acute effect and is used as an effective and safe treatment of a wide range of acute diseases. The trial aims to investigate the cardioprotective effects of pulse-dose methylprednisolone administered in the pre-hospital setting in patients with STEMI transferred for primary PCI...

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This case report presents the clinical course of a 33-year-old female with a history of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) who presented to the psychiatric emergency department with sudden-onset altered behavior, along with features indicative of catatonia. Before hospitalization, the patient had not been adherent to psychiatric medications for BAD for a period of several months, likely a contributing factor to the patient's presenting symptoms. Over a two-week period before hospitalization, the patient exhibited progressive withdrawal, psychomotor retardation, disorganized behavior, and a lack of response to external stimuli...