Oxygen consumption cardiopulmonary bypass

We carried out a meta-analysis on the effect of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on cardiopulmonary function after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Four databases were searched for studies comparing CR with control. A random-effects model was used to pool mean difference (MD). The meta-analysis showed an increase in peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2 ) (MD = 1.93 mL/kg/min, p = 0.0006), and 6-min walk distance (6MWD) (MD = 59.21 m, p < 0.00001), and a decrease in resting heart rate (resting HR) (MD = 5...

BACKGROUND: In congenital heart surgery, low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) is a major cause of morbidity in the immediate post-operative period. A decrease in cardiac output leads to an increase in tissue oxygen consumption. Several biomarkers such as venous oxygen saturation (SvO2 ), arteriovenous oxygen difference (DavO2 ), and lactate can assess tissue perfusion in the presence of LCOS. Recently, central venous to arterial CO2 difference (ΔCO2 ) has been proposed as a biomarker of tissue ischemia that could be used as a predictor of death in neonatal patients...

INTRODUCTION: The membrane oxygenator in extracorporeal circulation circuits is coated with acrylate-copolymer (ACP) or immobilized heparin (IHP) to enhance hemocompatibility. To evaluate the relative features of both coatings, we compared blood components circulated in the circuits with ACP-and IHP-coated membranes in vitro using whole human blood. METHODS: Whole human blood was heparinized and circulated in two experimental circuits with an ACP-coated reservoir, tubes, and an ACP- or IHP-coated membrane...

Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (ScO2 ) determined by near-infrared spectroscopy, monitoring both arterial and venous blood oxygenation of the brain, could reflect the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the predictabilities of ScO2 and estimated oxygen extraction ratio (eO2 ER) with outcomes in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study was a two-center, retrospective study of patients at 12 months of age or younger with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass has been shown to cause reversible postischemic cardiac dysfunction and is associated with reperfusion injury and myocardial cell death. Therefore, it is very important to have a series of measures in place to reduce oxygen consumption and provide myocardial protection. We performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine administration on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was first started for humans in early 1970s by Robert Bartlett. Since its inception, there have been numerous challenges with extracorporeal circulation, such as coagulation and platelet activation, followed by consumption of coagulation factors and platelets, and biocompatibility of tubing, pump, and oxygenator. Unfractionated heparin (heparin hereafter) has historically been the defacto anticoagulant until recently. Also, coagulation monitoring was mainly based on bedside activated clotting time and activated partial thromboplastin time...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy of continuous unilateral erector spinae plane (ESP) blocks in minimally invasive cardiac surgery patients. DESIGN: A retrospective nonrandomized study. SETTING: At a single-center, tertiary academic institution. PARTICIPANTS: The study comprised 129 adult patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. INTERVENTIONS: Patient data were retrospectively collected and compared...

Background: To identify individuals with an increased mortality and morbidity risk after surgery, different parameters showing impaired tissue perfusion/oxygenation have been investigated, and the balance between tissue oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery has been evaluated in detecting organ failure. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of central venous--arterial partial carbon dioxide difference (ΔPCO2 ) and lactate (ΔLAC) values within the first week after discharge in predicting mortality in patients undergoing open-heart surgery...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of early exercise rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Eighty patients with coronary heart disease who underwent CABG from April 2020 to April 2022 were divided into the study group ( n  = 40) and control group ( n  = 40). The control group was given conventional treatment and routine care after CABG, and the study group received early exercise rehabilitation according to the control group...

AIM: Cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can result in renal and cerebral injury. Intra-operative tissue hypoxia could contribute to such organ injury. Hypothermia, however, may alleviate organ hypoxia. Therefore, we tested whether moderate-hypothermia (30o C) improves cerebral and renal tissue perfusion and oxygenation during ovine CPB. METHODS: Ten sheep were studied while conscious, under stable anaesthesia and during 3 hours of CPB. In a randomised within-animal cross-over design, 5 sheep commenced CPB at a target body temperature of 30 o C (moderate-hypothermia)...

Introduction: Cooling by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to deep hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA) for cardiac surgical interventions, followed by CPB-rewarming is performed on a routine basis with relatively low mortality. In contrast, victims of deep accidental hypothermia rewarmed with CPB generally have a much worse prognosis. Thus, we have developed an intact pig model to compare effects on perfusion pressures and global oxygen delivery (DO2 ) during immersion cooling versus cooling by CPB...

INTRODUCTION: Carbon dioxide production (VCO2i), oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery can be monitored during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) as markers for tissue perfusion. This study examines if inline venous pCO2 (PvCO2) monitoring can be used as an alternative to exhaust gas pCO2 (ExCO2) to calculate VCO2i. METHODS: PvCO2 and ExCO2 were monitored continuously during 40 elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures. VCO2i was calculated with ExCO2 as well as PvCO2...

This review outlines the available data from the work of our group on renal hemodynamics, function, and oxygenation in patients who are critically ill with acute renal dysfunction, such as those with postoperative AKI, those in early clinical septic shock, in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, or in patients undergoing liver transplantation. We also provide information on renal hemodynamics, function, and oxygenation in patients with chronic renal impairment due to congestive heart failure...

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the action of inhaled nitric oxide in the patients with pulmonary hypertension administered with a face mask before anesthesia induction. Methods: Ten adult patients scheduled for heart surgery with sternotomy were included in this prospective, interventional, single centre study. The inclusion criteria were patients scheduled for heart surgery with sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), aged >18 years which presents a pulmonary hypertension (PH) (class 2 or 3 according to the Dana Point classification) with systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPS) >40 mmHg diagnosed by preoperative right cardiac catheterization or by transthoracic echocardiography...

Background The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for stratifying risk and guiding clinical decisions in patients with cardiovascular disease is well-established. To optimize the clinical value of cardiorespiratory fitness, normative reference standards are essential. The purpose of this report is to extend previous cardiorespiratory fitness normative standards by providing updated cardiorespiratory fitness reference standards according to cardiovascular disease category and testing modality. Methods and Results The analysis included 15 045 tests (8079 treadmill, 6966 cycle) from FRIEND (Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database)...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed 1) to test the applicability of the previously suggested prognostic value of CPET to elderly cardiac rehabilitation patients and 2) to explore the underlying mechanism of the greater improvement in exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption, VO2) after CR in surgical compared to non-surgical cardiac patients. METHODS: Elderly patients (≥65 years) commencing CR after coronary artery bypass grafting, surgical valve replacement (surgery-group), percutaneous coronary intervention, percutaneous valve replacement or without revascularisation (non-surgery group) were included in the prospective multi-center EU-CaRE study...

Comprehensive management of coronary artery disease (CAD) includes physical exercise as a part of daily lifestyle therapy. Still CAD patients generally have low physical activity (PA) and high sedentary behaviour (SB). This review summarizes the effect of exercise training and habitual PA and SB on physical fitness and quality of life (QoL) as well as on rehospitalizations and mortality in patients with stable CAD, recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or recent revascularization. A literature review of the influence of exercise, and PA and SB profiles in secondary prevention of CAD was performed using PubMed...

BACKGROUND: Elevated arterial-central venous carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (AVCO2 ) may be an important marker to predict tissue and organ hypoperfusion in adults. We analyzed the hemodynamic data of infants with congenital heart disease who underwent corrective repair with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to identify whether AVCO2 has clinical significance in early postoperative tissue hypoperfusion, occurrence of complications, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Infants with clinical conditions of hypoperfusion, without volume responsiveness and with ineffective initial treatment, within 3 h of cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study...

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether patients who participated in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program after hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome maintained cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the community. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study including 78 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery at our hospital's cardiovascular center and participated in a CR program and a 5-year follow-up evaluation...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) when sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and decreased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) co-occur. METHODS: We included consecutive patients who underwent symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise tests between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2010, followed by first-time diagnostic polysomnography within 6 months. Patients were stratified based on the presence of moderate-to-severe SDB (apnea/hypopnea index ≥15 per hour) and decreased CRF defined as <70% predicted peak oxygen consumption (VO2 )...