todds paralysis

Neurological deterioration or new focal deficits in patients with primary brain tumors are usually related to intratumoral hemorrhage, disease progression, seizures (Todd paralysis) and, rarely, ischemic stroke. Ischemic strokes in this group of patients are usually a postoperative complication, a long-term result of radiation vasculopathy, embolic due to hypercoagulability and, less commonly, caused by vessel occlusion by an adjacent brain tumor. We report a rare case of ischemic stroke secondary to a newly diagnosed high-grade glioma and the possible mechanisms that resulted in this medical condition...

Ventral hernias represent the most common complication after abdominal surgery. Loss of domain and/or large ventral hernias in patients are especially challenging for surgeons to manage, but preoperative image-guided botulinum toxin injection has emerged as an effective adjunct to abdominal wall surgery. Loss of domain is caused by chronic muscle retraction of the lateral abdominal wall and leads to an irreducible protrusion of abdominal viscera into the hernia sac. Botulinum toxin can be used in the oblique muscles as a chemical component relaxation technique to aid abdominal wall reconstruction...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to loss of sensory and motor function below the level of injury leading to paralysis and limitations to locomotion. Therefore, persons with SCI face various challenges in engaging in regular physical activity, which leads to a reduction in physical fitness, increases in body fat mass, and reduced physical and mental health status. Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) is recommended to enhance physical fitness and overall health status in this population, but it is not always effective in promoting these benefits...

Todd's paralysis, a neurological abnormality characterized by temporary limb weakness or hemiplegia, typically occurs following a seizure, without enduring consequences. Since limb weakness or hemiplegia can also be a common symptom of an acute ischemic stroke, it is often difficult to diagnose Todd's paralysis in individuals experiencing an acute ischemic stroke if they do not have a pre-existing history of epilepsy. Given that there is a limited understanding of Todd's paralysis, this review discusses the history, prevalence, clinical manifestations, duration, etiology, and diagnosis of Todd's paralysis...

This case report will provide further evidence for the fact that breach rhythm is not the effect of a bone abnormality only. We present the case of an 84-year-old woman, who had a craniotomy 14 month before admission to our emergency department with a focal inhibitory status epilepticus. Even after clinical recovery, electroencephalography revealed frequent subclinical seizure patterns. When seizure activity was suppressed by anticonvulsive medication with levetiracetam, breach rhythm appeared. Breach rhythm develops usually some months after craniotomy and therefore should have been established in our patient at the time of admission...

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation can cause meningoencephalitis. Ramsay Hunt syndrome is the reactivation of VZV in facial nerve, consisting of ear pain, facial nerve paralysis, and auricular rash. We present a case of VZV meningoencephalitis presented with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Early clinical suspicion was beneficial in starting aggressive treatment.

BACKGROUND: Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) is a rare cause of pediatric ischemic myelopathy. The pathology is thought to result from fragmentation with embolization into the microvasculature of the radicular artery often secondary to high axial force. While most cases arise in the setting of vigorous activity, our case reveals that FCE can also occur during relative physical inactivity. Additionally, while a majority of cases are associated with neck or back pain, our case also reveals that FCE can present without concurrent pain episodes...

We describe a case of a right-handed, 42-year-old, Caucasian female patient who manifested a set of unusual adverse effects during maintenance ultrabrief right-unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-generalized myoclonic secondary seizure with lateralization nonresponsive to repeated intravenous diazepam application, deviation of the tongue and the head to the left, ping-pong gaze with nystagmoid jerks, postictal hypoactive confusion state lasting 15 minutes (with a total time to recovery 30 minutes), and likely Todd's paralysis after the procedure (subsided within 24 hours)...

OBJECTIVES: Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) has been used clinically to limit torso bleeding and restore central perfusion. The objective of this study was to determine the sequelae of prolonged REBOA in a nonhuman primate animal model. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Prolonged duration of REBOA is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Threshold occlusion values tied to relative risk have yet to be determined. METHODS: Juvenile baboons were subjected to 40% to 55% total blood volume hemorrhage to achieve profound hypotension and shock...

Some studies suggest a link between creativity and rapid eye movement sleep. Narcolepsy is characterized by falling asleep directly into rapid eye movement sleep, states of dissociated wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep (cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and lucid dreaming) and a high dream recall frequency. Lucid dreaming (the awareness of dreaming while dreaming) has been correlated with creativity. Given their life-long privileged access to rapid eye movement sleep and dreams, we hypothesized that subjects with narcolepsy may have developed high creative abilities...

OBJECTIVE: The postictal period has many physical, behavioral, and cognitive manifestations associated with it. These signs and symptoms are common, can be quite debilitating, and can have a continued impact long after the seizure has ended. The purpose of this systematic review was to quantify the occurrence of postictal signs and symptoms, along with their frequency and duration in persons with epilepsy. METHODS: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to November 29, 2017...

Background . Giant inguinoscrotal hernias (GIH) are defined as groin hernias extending below the mid-thigh when standing, often significantly encumbering activities of daily living. To date, there are no reports utilizing the combination of progressive pneumoperitoneum (PPP), botulinum toxin A injection (BTI), and enhanced view-totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) technique for GIH repair. In this report, we present 2 such cases of this unique minimally invasive multidisciplinary approach to address GIH. Series Presentation ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the evolution of narcolepsy symptoms in first-, second, and third-degree relatives and to compare multiplex and simplex families. METHODS: A total of 4045 family members and 362 narcoleptic individuals were entered in the study; with 3255 family members interviewed twice, five to seven years apart. A control group (n = 178) composed of spouses or housemates was also interviewed twice. Family members were divided according to their blood relationship with the probands and further divided into multiplex (ie, more than one narcolepsy cases) and simplex (only one narcolepsy case) families...

OBJECTIVE: Thoracic epidural analgesia provides effective pain control after lung transplantation; however, the optimal timing of placement is controversial. We sought to compare pain control and pulmonary and epidural morbidity between patients receiving preoperative vs postoperative epidurals. METHODS: Institutional records were reviewed for patients undergoing a bilateral lung transplant via a bilateral anterior thoracotomy with transverse sternotomy incision between January 2014 and January 2017...

Ryanodine receptor type 1-related myopathies (RYR1-RM) are the most common class of congenital myopathies. Historically, RYR1-RM classification and diagnosis have been guided by histopathologic findings on muscle biopsy. Main histological subtypes of RYR1-RM include central core disease, multiminicore disease, core-rod myopathy, centronuclear myopathy, and congenital fiber-type disproportion. A range of RYR1-RM clinical phenotypes has also emerged more recently and includes King Denborough syndrome, RYR1 rhabdomyolysis-myalgia syndrome, atypical periodic paralysis, congenital neuromuscular disease with uniform type 1 fibers, and late-onset axial myopathy...

BACKGROUND: Hemiplegia/hemiparesis denotes the weakness of one side of the body. In contrast to adults, hemiparesis in children occurs secondary to a variety of etiological conditions. AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of children with acquired hemiparesis/hemiplegia of nontraumatic origin and intended to find its underlying etiology in the Indian children. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This prospective, observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in western India...

Introduction: Paralysis from a spinal cord injury (SCI) increases risk of psychological problems including suicide attempts, substance use disorder, negative emotions (e.g., anger), depression, anxiety, ASD/PTSD. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy® (DBT®) has been shown to be effective for treating similar psychological symptoms in non-SCI patient populations. The current study explored for the first time, the feasibility and clinical potential of using Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) enhanced DBT® Mindfulness skills training to help reduce psychological symptoms (negative emotions and anxiety, ASD/PTSD) of two patients with SCI...

OBJECTIVES: Functioning, but injured cerebral connections are hypothesized to inhibit cortical plasticity. Study of neural networks can validate this hypothesis, and provide further practical clues for clinical and surgical options to restore function in eloquent brain areas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cortical lesions in eloquent areas were simulated by means of artificial neural networks. Next, functional restoration of these networks after lesional bypass was studied...

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A hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in the C9orf72 gene represents a prevalent genetic cause of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Non-canonical translation of this repeat gives rise to several distinct dipeptide protein species that could play pathological roles in disease. Here, we show in the model system Caenorhabditis elegans that expression of the arginine-containing dipeptides, but not alanine-containing dipeptides, produces toxic phenotypes in multiple cellular contexts, including motor neurons...