Cancer risk low dose radiation

BACKGROUND: Controversy has recently broken out over the potential carcinogenic risk associated with exposure to UV lamps for permanent nail polish. The new LED-based polymerization devices, and their potential biological effect has not been analyzed to this date. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the emission power and its potential biological effects on the skin of 2 types of UV LED and fluorescent curing lamps under normal use conditions compared to doses of sunlight exposure...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: To assess osteoradionecrosis (ORN) incidence in a population of Irish Head and Neck cancer (HNC) patients, and assess precipitating factors that may contribute to ORN development to aid prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of 1050 HNC patients attending the Dental Oncology Clinic, CUDSH between 2010 and 2021 identified 47 cases of ORN. Medical, dental and radiotherapy records of these forty-seven patients were retrospectively reviewed...

INTRODUCTION: Lynch syndrome patients have an inherited predisposition to cancer due to a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes which could lead to a higher risk of developing cancer if exposed to ionizing radiation. This pilot study aims to reveal the association between MMR deficiency and radiosensitivity at both a CT relevant low dose (20 mGy) and a therapeutic higher dose (2 Gy). METHODS: Human colorectal cancer cell lines with (dMMR) or without MMR deficiency (pMMR) were analyzed before and after exposure to radiation using cellular and cytogenetic analyses i...

Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) poses the risk of radiation exposure (RE) to patients and staff and increases the risk of adverse biological effects such as cataracts, sterility, and cancer. Newer fluoroscopy equipment (C-Arm) provides options to limit radiation in the form of lower radiation dose and frame rate or time-limited "pulsed" settings. However, the impact of lower settings on image quality has not been assessed, and no standard protocol exists for fluoroscopy settings used during ERCP...

BACKGROUND: Plants' raw materials can accumulate chemical elements, including radioisotopes, to some extent and reflect the region they grow in. Due to their high environmental content and toxicity, natural radionuclides - polonium 210 Po and lead 210 Pb are the most dangerous radioisotopes for human health. METHODS: 70 raw medicinal herbal materials from 54 popular wild-growing medicinal plant species, most of them included in the European Pharmacopoeia, were collected across three regions...

INTRODUCTION: In inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), radiotherapy intensification is considered a standard of care by some teams, although the level of evidence remains low. We sought to analyze the impact of radiotherapy modalities on the risk of loco-regional and distant relapse. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study included patients with localized IBC treated between 2010 and 2017. Standard post-mastectomy radiotherapy consisted of daily fractions to a total dose of 50 Gy equivalent without a boost or bolus, while intensified radiotherapy referred to the use of a boost or bolus...

INTRODUCTION: Post-operative pelvic & acetabular fixation patients are conventionally imaged using 3-view radiographs (AP, inlet and outlet). The efficacy of such radiographs is inconsistent due to technical difficulties capturing an adequate view, often necessitating repeat radiographs and therefore increasing radiation exposure. Radiographs can be difficult to interpret, limiting the assessment of fracture reduction and fixation, especially with respect to metalwork positioning around articular surfaces...

This review aims to furnish an updated assessment of the societal healthcare load, including cancer and cardiovascular disease resulting from diagnostic radiologic operations. The previously projected additional cancer risk of 0.9% in a United States 2004 study referred to radiological conditions in 1996 with an X-ray exposure of 0.50 millisievert (mSv) per capita annually. Radiological exposure (radiology + nuclear medicine) has escalated to 2.29 mSv (2016) per capita per year. Low-dose exposures were previously assumed to have a lower biological impact, since they allow the DNA repair system to mitigate molecular damage...

PURPOSE: Second malignancy is a rare but potentially lethal event after prostate brachytherapy, but data remain scarce on its long-term risk. The objective of this study is to estimate the number of pelvic second malignancies following brachytherapy compared to prostatectomy (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of patients treated with low dose 125 I brachytherapy and prostatectomy in British Columbia from 1999 to 2010. Kaplan Meier (KM) estimates for pelvic (bladder and rectum), invasive pelvic, any second malignancy and death from any second malignancy were assessed...

BACKGROUND: Current automated planning solutions are calibrated using trial and error or machine learning on historical datasets. Neither method allows for the intuitive exploration of differing trade-off options during calibration, which may aid in ensuring automated solutions align with clinical preference. Pareto navigation provides this functionality and offers a potential calibration alternative. The purpose of this study was to validate an automated radiotherapy planning solution with a novel multi-dimensional Pareto navigation calibration interface across two external institutions for prostate cancer...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-guided Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment to prostate bed after radical prostatectomy has garnered growing interests. The aim of this study is to evaluate intra-fractional anatomic and dose/volume metric variations for patients receiving this treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients who received 30-34 Gy in 5 fractions on a 0.35T MR-Linac were included. Pre- and post-treatment MRIs were acquired for each fraction (total of 75 fractions)...

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a relative contraindication to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer patients due to fear of increased risk of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy, capable of minimizing radiation dose to surrounding tissues, is a feasible alternative. Given limited data, this study examined the safety profile of HDR brachytherapy in this setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with localized prostate cancer and IBD treated with HDR brachytherapy at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), between 2010 and 2022...

BACKGROUND: The utility of Adaptive Radiotherapy (ART) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) remains to be ascertained. While multiple retrospective and single-arm prospective studies have demonstrated its efficacy in decreasing parotid doses and reducing xerostomia, adequate randomized evidence is lacking. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: ReSTART (Reducing Salivary Toxicity with Adaptive Radiotherapy) is an ongoing phase III randomized trial of patients with previously untreated, locally advanced HNSCC of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx...

The system of radiological protection has been based on linear no-threshold theory and related dose-response models for health detriment (in part related to cancer induction) by ionizing radiation exposure for almost 70 y. The indicated system unintentionally promotes radiation phobia, which has harmed many in relationship to the Fukushima nuclear accident evacuations and led to some abortions following the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Linear no-threshold model users (mainly epidemiologists) imply that they can reliably assess the cancer excess relative risk (likely none) associated with tens or hundreds of nanogray (nGy) radiation doses to an organ (e...

The linear no-threshold (LNT) model has been the regulatory "law of the land" for decades. Despite the long-standing use of LNT, there is significant ongoing scientific disagreement on the applicability of LNT to low-dose radiation risk. A review of the low-dose risk literature of the last 10 y does not provide a clear answer, but rather the body of literature seems to be split between LNT, non-linear risk functions (e.g., supra- or sub-linear), and hormetic models. Furthermore, recent studies have started to explore whether radiation can play a role in the development of several non-cancer effects, such as heart disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes, the mechanisms of which are still being explored...

PURPOSE: The POP-RT phase III randomized trial showed improved biochemical failure-free survival and metastasis-free survival with whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) versus prostate-only radiotherapy (PORT) for high/very high-risk prostate cancer, albeit with worse RTOG late urinary toxicity. We report updated late urinary adverse effects and bladder dose-effect relations within this trial. MATERIALS/METHODS: Late urinary toxicity, and cumulative severity of each symptom over the follow-up period was graded using CTCAE v5...

BACKGROUND: For patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the incidence of malnutrition is quite high, and malnutrition has severe effects on NPC patients. However, there is currently no recognized gold standard or specific nutritional assessment tool available to assess malnutrition in NPC patients. Our objective was to develop and verify a new nomogram model for NPC patients. METHODS: Data were collected from NPC patients. To evaluate risk factors for malnutrition, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used...

Background: Moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy (MHRT) has emerged as the preferred treatment modality for localized prostate cancer based on randomized controlled studies regarding efficacy and toxicity using contemporary radiotherapy techniques. In the setting of MHRT, available data on dosimetric parameters and late rectal toxicity are limited. Aim: To present the effects of MHRT on late rectal toxicity while conducting an extensive dosimetric analysis in conjunction with rectoscopy results. Methods: This is a prospective study including patients with intermediate-risk prostate adenocarcinoma...

PURPOSE: Hodgkin lymphoma is a hematologic malignancy with excellent outcomes even in advanced stages. Consequently, the importance of treatment-associated toxicity increases. However, the exact estimation of individualized rates is difficult due to different disease extents, treatment strategies and techniques. The following analysis aims at a pre-treatment estimation of relevant mediastinal toxicities. METHODS: Normal tissue complication probability calculations were used to evaluate the toxicity rates for the heart, lungs and female breast of patients undergoing radiotherapy for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma...

INTRODUCTION: Computed tomography (CT) imaging is used for assessment of pediatric urolithiasis in cases where ultrasound is inconclusive. The utility of CT imaging must be considered alongside the potential risks of radiation exposure in this patient population due to the increased risk of cancer development. The purpose of this review is to investigate the radiation exposure associated with standard-dose and low-dose computed tomography (CT) imaging for the assessment of pediatric urolithiasis...