pneumonia in children's

To assess the positive rate of 11 respiratory pathogens in 2023, providing a comprehensive summary and analysis of the respiratory infection patterns after COVID-19 pandemic. The study comprised 7544 inpatients suspected of respiratory infections who underwent respiratory pathogen multiplex polymerase chain reaction tests from July 2022 to December 31, 2023. We analyzed the positive rate of 11 pathogens over 18 months and the characterization of infection patterns among different age groups and immune states...

OBJECTIVE: Elevated procalcitonin levels have been associated with bacterial infection in children. Observational studies reported high procalcitonin values in COVID-19. Data on bacterial coinfections in pediatric COVID-19 is sparse; small studies suggest a low coinfection rate. In this study, we aimed to quantify the positive predictive value (PPV) of procalcitonin in identifying bacterial infection in children with and without COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 215 children <21 years admitted to our tertiary children's hospital between February 1, 2013, and July 15, 2020, who had procalcitonin levels measured within 48 hours of admission...

Objective: This study constitutes a pioneering systematic review and meta analysis delving into the clinical efficacy and safety of the combined therapy involving Wuhu Decoction and azithromycin for treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients. Methods: This study conducted a comprehensive computerized search, covering 6 Chinese databases and 6 English databases, to collect randomized controlled trials related to the combined use of Wuhu Decoction and azithromycin for treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients...

BACKGROUND: An increased incidence of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections has been observed in pediatric population post-COVID-19 pandemic. While the majority of reports refer to scarlet fever or invasive GAS disease, detailed data on pulmonary manifestations such as complicated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of GAS to complicated CAP in children during the 2022/2023 infectious season. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the etiology and clinical presentation of complicated CAP patients hospitalized in our tertiary care center in Warsaw, Poland, between August 2022 and May 2023...

Despite carbapenems not being used in animal, Carbapenem-Resistant-Enterobacterales (CRE), particularly New-Delhi-metallo-β-lactamase-producing-CRE (NDM-CRE), are prevalent in livestock. Concurrently, the incidence of human infections caused by NDM-CRE is rising, particularly in children. Although positive association between livestock production and human NDM-CRE infections at national level was identified, the evidence of direct transmission of NDM originating from livestock to humans remains largely unknown...

BACKGROUND: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is characterized by excessive dynamic airway collapse. Severe TBM can be associated with substantial morbidity. Children with secondary TBM associated with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) and vascular-related airway compression (VRAC) demonstrate clinical improvement following airway pexy surgery. It is unclear if children with severe primary TBM, without secondary etiologies (EA/TEF, vascular ring, intrinsic pulmonary pathology, or complex cardiac disease) demonstrate clinical improvement following airway pexy surgery...

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other respiratory viruses in Bulgaria, characterize the genetic diversity of RSV strains, and perform amino acid sequence analyses of RSV surface and internal proteins. METHODS: Clinical and epidemiological data and nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively collected from patients with acute respiratory infections between October 2020 and May 2023...

BACKGROUND: Bacterial pneumonia can affect all age groups, but people with weakened immune systems, young children, and the elderly are at a higher risk. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common causative agents of pneumonia, and they have developed high MDR in recent decades in Ethiopia. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of bacterial pneumonia and multidrug resistance in Ethiopia...

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae remain the leading cause of pneumonia-related deaths in children < 5 years globally, and mutations in penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 × have been identified as the major cause of resistance in the organism to beta-lactams. Thus, the development of new modulators with enhanced binding of PBP2x is highly encouraged. In this study, phenolics, due to their reported antibacterial activities, were screened against the active site of PBP2x using structure-based pharmacophore and molecular docking techniques, and the ability of the top-hit phenolics to inhibit the active and allosteric sites of PBP2x was refined through 120 ns molecular dynamic simulation...

Objective: To analyze the drug-resistant gene loci of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Methods: From November 2022 to October 2023, 697 clinical samples (including sputum, alveolar lavage fluid and blood) of 686 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae positive detected by mNGS were retrospectively analyzed. Samples were divided into intensive care unit (ICU) group and non-ICU group, Chi-square test was used to compare groups, and Mann-Kendall trend test was used to analyze the change trend of the detection rate of drug resistance gene loci over time...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to children's health, particularly in respiratory infections. Accurate identification of pathogens and AMR is crucial for targeted antibiotic treatment. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) shows promise in directly detecting microorganisms and resistance genes in clinical samples. However, the accuracy of AMR prediction through mNGS testing needs further investigation for practical clinical decision-making. METHODS: We aimed to evaluate the performance of mNGS in predicting AMR for severe pneumonia in pediatric patients...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate inpatient care costs of childhood severe pneumonia and its urban-rural cost variation, and to predict cost drivers. DESIGN: The study was nested within a cluster randomised trial of childhood severe pneumonia management. Cost per episode of severe pneumonia was estimated from a healthcare provider perspective for children who received care from public inpatient facilities. A bottom-up micro-costing approach was applied and data collected using structured questionnaire and review of the patient record...

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore the prevalence, clinical features, resource utilization, temporal trends and outcomes associated with adenoviral infections in hospitalized children. METHODS: A retrospective analysis using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Kids' Inpatient Database from 1997 to 2019 was performed. Children aged 29 days to 17 years with adenoviral infection were selected. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis tests, linear trend analysis and multivariable analysis were used for data analysis...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Time to clinical stability (TCS) is a commonly used outcome in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), yet few studies have evaluated TCS in children. Our objective was to determine the association between TCS and disease severity in children with suspected CAP, as well as factors associated with reaching early stability. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study of children (aged 3 months to 18 years) hospitalized with suspected CAP...

BACKGROUND: Children with malignancies are vulnerable to various infections, including sinus infections. Sinusitis is primarily caused by bacterial infections, followed by fungal infections. Due to this, evaluating the occurrence, diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial species that cause paranasal sinus infections in children with malignancy and unexplained fever is important. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bacterial species accountable for sinusitis in children with malignancy and unexplained fever, and determine their susceptibility to antibiotics...

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory ailments, encompassing a spectrum of disorders, are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children, with pneumonia being particularly significant, accounting for 16% of child mortality. To ensure timely engagement with healthcare services, it is imperative to instill awareness through Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) initiatives targeting mothers of children under five. The primary objective of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of a community-based intervention on health-seeking behaviour, knowledge, and practice measures concerning the management and prevention of pneumonia in children...

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children < 5 years. We describe nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus among children with fast-breathing pneumonia in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs from children aged 2-59 months with fast-breathing pneumonia, enrolled in the randomized trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for fast-breathing pneumonia (RETAPP) (NCT02372461) from 2014 to 2016...

BACKGROUND: Most children with neurocritical illness are at risk of physical, neurocognitive, and psychosocial sequelae and need centralized early rehabilitation care. OBJECTIVE: To identify the effectiveness and safety of centralized early rehabilitation care for children with severe acquired brain injury. METHODS: This is a mixed methods study-an implementation study and single-center retrospective cohort study with historical control. All children with severe acquired brain injury hospitalized in a specialized rehabilitation center in a comprehensive tertiary pediatric hospital between September 2016 and August 2020 were included...

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has notably altered the infection dynamics of various pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the pandemic's impact on the infection spectrum of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) among children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS: We enrolled pediatric CAP patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in southwest China to compare the prevalence and characteristics of M. pneumoniae infections before (2018-2019) and during (2020-2022) the COVID-19 pandemic...

BACKGROUND: Early-life respiratory tract infections have been linked to the development of asthma, but studies on burden and subtypes of common infections in asthma development are sparse. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the association between burden of early-life infections, including subtypes, with risk of asthma from ages 3-10 years and lung function at age 10 years. METHODS: We included 662 children from the COPSAC2010 birth cohort, where infections, i...