keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38205089/acute-viral-encephalitis-mimicking-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-in-an-immunocompetent-obese-adolescent-girl
#1
Ramaning Loni, Abdulaziz H Khushaym, Abdulaziz B Aldoseri, Ali Alfehaid, Gabriel Fox, Shatha Hasan
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is common worldwide and one of the main causes of infectious encephalitis. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department with complaints of recurrent episodes of vague headaches associated with photophobia multiple times within three days before hospitalization. The patient had a history of morbid obesity without other metabolic complications as well as a history of chicken pox in childhood. Doctors subsequently diagnosed her with increased intracranial pressure owing to suspected VZV encephalitis...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38115714/disease-course-and-response-to-immunotherapy-in-children-with-childhood-disintegrative-disorder-a-retrospective-case-series
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meghan I Sullivan, Megha J Gupta, Kathryn A Taylor, Heather A Van Mater, Carolyn E Pizoli
Childhood disintegrative disorder is a poorly understood neurobehavioral disorder of early childhood characterized by acute to subacute profound regression in previously developed language, social behavior, and adaptive functions. The etiology of childhood disintegrative disorder remains unknown and treatment is focused on symptomatic management. Interest in neuroinflammatory mechanisms has grown with the increased recognition of autoimmune brain diseases and similarities between the presenting symptoms of childhood disintegrative disorder and pediatric autoimmune encephalitis...
December 19, 2023: Journal of Child Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37945292/intravenous-immunoglobulin-treatment-in-childhood-encephalitis-ignite-a-randomised-controlled-trial
#3
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Matilda Hill, Mildred Iro, Manish Sadarangani, Michael Absoud, Liberty Cantrell, Kling Chong, Christopher Clark, Ava Easton, Victoria Gray, Rachel Kneen, Ming Lim, Xinxue Liu, Michael Pike, Tom Solomon, Angela Vincent, Louise Willis, Ly-Mee Yu, Andrew J Pollard
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) improves neurological outcomes in children with encephalitis when administered early in the illness. DESIGN: Phase 3b multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Twenty-one hospitals in the UK. PARTICIPANTS: Children aged 6 months to 16 years with a diagnosis of acute or subacute encephalitis, with a planned sample size of 308...
November 9, 2023: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37487693/severe-encephalitis-aetiology-management-and-outcomes-over-10-years-in-a-paediatric-intensive-care-unit
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giordano Palmas, Trevor Duke
OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics, differential diagnoses, management and outcomes of severe encephalitis in children. DESIGN: A 10-year retrospective cohort study in children admitted to a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with suspected encephalitis. One to 6 months' follow-up data were compared between different categories. PARTICIPANTS: Patients from 0 to 17 years of age with acute encephalopathy and one or more of fever, seizure, focal neurological findings, cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities, EEG/neuroimaging consistent with encephalitis...
November 2023: Archives of Disease in Childhood
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37485251/early-prediction-of-epilepsy-after-encephalitis-in-childhood-based-on-eeg-and-clinical-features
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaojuan Sun, Jinhua Zhao, Chunyun Guo, Xiaoxiao Zhu
OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to establish and evaluate an early prediction model of epilepsy after encephalitis in childhood based on electroencephalogram (ECG) and clinical features. METHODS: 255 patients with encephalitis were randomly divided into training and verification sets and were divided into postencephalitic epilepsy (PE) and no postencephalitic epilepsy (no-PE) according to whether epilepsy occurred one year after discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen the risk factors for PE...
2023: Emergency Medicine International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37466696/-pediatric-infectious-emergencies-from-febrile-seizure-to-purpura-fulminans
#6
REVIEW
Louise-Caroline Büttner, Michael Schroth
Febrile seizures, which are relatively common in young children, are often triggered by an infection and resolve quickly. Prompt presentation to a pediatric department is mandatory after any first seizure and every time for children ≤ 12 months. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases in childhood are able to cause seizures or other neurological disorders. Even the slightest suspicion of a seizure with CNS involvement must be promptly treated. In case of doubt, both an antiviral and an antibacterial treatment are started in parallel, which can be stopped after detecting the pathogen...
July 19, 2023: Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37465179/treatment-options-for-epstein-barr-virus-related-disorders-of-the-central-nervous-system
#7
REVIEW
Oluf Andersen, Ingemar Ernberg, Anna Karin Hedström
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a causative agent for several types of lymphomas and mucosal cancers, is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus with the capacity to establish lifelong latent infection. More than 90% of the human population worldwide is infected. The primary infection is usually asymptomatic in childhood, whereas infectious mononucleosis (IM) is common when the infection occurs in adolescence. Primary EBV infection, with or without IM, or reactivation of latent infection in immunocompromised individuals have been associated with a wide range of neurologic conditions, such as encephalitis, meningitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and cerebellitis...
2023: Infection and Drug Resistance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37404224/focal-cerebral-arteriopathy-inflammatory-type-in-a-child-mr-diagnosis-using-vessel-wall-imaging-technique-with-review-of-classification-and-diagnostic-evaluation-criteria
#8
Anselm Wang Hei Hui, Maggie Lo Yee Yau, Eva Lai Wah Fung, Ka Chi Chan, Billy Ming Hei Lai, Ki Wang, Winnie Chiu Wing Chu
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in childhood is defined by a stroke occurring after 28 days of life to 18 years of age. This presents a distinct clinical challenge in terms of both diagnosis and treatment. The overlapping clinical presentations of acute ischemic stroke and its mimics such as migraine with aura, seizure with Todd paresis and encephalitis renders early accurate diagnosis of this time-sensitive condition difficult, with a change in the final diagnosis in up to 40% of patients. Identification of the etiology after establishing the diagnosis of ischemic stroke is paramount for prognostication and treatment decisions...
September 2023: Radiology Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37179544/anti-lgi1-encephalitis-with-initiating-symptom-of-seizures-in-children
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yang Wang, Dongqing Zhang, Lili Tong, Lu Yang, Ping Yin, Jun Li, Gefei Lei, Xiaofan Yang, Baomin Li
BACKGROUND: Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is infrequently reported but more and more recognizable in children. Here we give detailed description of the clinical features and long-term outcome of three cases of childhood onset anti-LGI1 encephalitis. METHODS: Three anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Data about the clinical manifestations, treatments and long-term follow-up outcomes were described in detail...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37166307/interaction-of-the-hemagglutinin-stalk-region-with-cell-adhesion-molecule-cadm-1-and-cadm2-mediates-the-spread-between-neurons-and-neuropathogenicity-of-measles-virus-with-a-hyperfusogenic-fusion-protein
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryuichi Takemoto, Yuichi Hirai, Shumpei Watanabe, Hidetaka Harada, Tateki Suzuki, Takao Hashiguchi, Yusuke Yanagi, Yuta Shirogane
Measles virus (MeV), the causative agent of measles, is an enveloped RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which remains an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. MeV has two envelope glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins. During viral entry or virus-mediated fusion between infected cells and neighboring susceptible cells, the head domain of the H protein initially binds to its receptors, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAM) and nectin-4, and then the stalk region of the H protein transmits the fusion-triggering signal to the F protein...
May 11, 2023: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37121635/evaluation-treatment-and-outcomes-of-viral-and-autoimmune-encephalitis-in-children
#11
REVIEW
Joshua A Vova, Robyn A Howarth
Viral encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis are currently the most common causes of encephalitis. Determining the causative agent is helpful in initiating medical treatment that may help reduce long-term sequelae. Cerebrospinal fluid, neuroimaging, serologic, and electroencephalogram in combination with clinical manifestations play a role in determining the cause of the encephalitis. Although motor dysfunction tends to improve, there is a significant risk of long-term neurologic and cognitive sequelae. These persistent deficits that occur in childhood indicate the importance for ongoing rehabilitative services to maximize functional skills, improve cognitive deficits, and assist with community integration...
June 2023: Pediatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37082207/subacute-myoclonic-measles-encephalitis-an-opportunistic-hiv-associated-infection
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luminita Ene, Dan Duiculescu, Roxana Radoi, Mihaela Lazar, Gratiela Tardei, Eugenia Ungureanu, Simona Ruta, Harry V Vinters, Scott Letendre, Igor Grant, Ronald J Ellis, Cristian L Achim
INTRODUCTION: An unusual cluster of myoclonic epilepsy was observed in a Romanian pediatric HIV cohort concurrent with measles outbreaks. We describe this particular form of subacute measles encephalitis (SME) in a group of HIV-infected children and adolescents with severe immunosuppression. METHODS: This is a single-center study, starting in 1997 and covering 4 measles outbreaks in Romania. The presumptive diagnosis of subacute myoclonic measles encephalitis (SMME) was based on: (1) epidemiological data, previous measles episode or presumed contact with measles virus (MV), (2) clinical presentation with initial localized myoclonic jerks with rapid extension and subsequent motor deficit with preserved mental status, and (3) neuroimaging studies revealing cortical gray matter lesions...
2023: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36967317/treatment-of-severe-acute-necrotizing-encephalopathy-of-childhood-with-interleukin-6-receptor-blockade-in-the-first-24%C3%A2-h-as-add-on-immunotherapy-shows-favorable-long-term-outcome-at-2%C3%A2-years
#13
Patrick H Hosie, Carylyn Lim, Timothy R D Scott, Michael Cardamone, Michelle A Farrar, Catherine Frith, Peter I Andrews, Jason Pinner, Sekhar Pillai
BACKGROUND: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) of childhood is a rare and devastating infection-associated acute encephalopathy. While there are no consensus treatments for ANE, recent case reports suggest a beneficial role for the use of tocilizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor. The correlation of the timing of add-on tocilizumab in relation to long-term outcome has not been reported. METHODS: We report on the timing of administration of tocilizumab in two patients classified as high-risk using the ANE severity score (ANE-SS) with respect to the long-term outcome at 2 years...
August 2023: Brain & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36947244/neurological-features-related-to-influenza-virus-in-the-pediatric-population-a-3-year-monocentric-retrospective-study
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Violette Goetz, David-Dawei Yang, Hanene Abid, Charles-Joris Roux, Raphael Levy, Manoelle Kossorotoff, Isabelle Desguerre, François Angoulvant, Mélodie Aubart
UNLABELLED: Influenza virus is generally characterized by fever, myalgia, and respiratory symptoms. Neurological entities have already been described, such as acute necrotizing encephalitis (ANE). We aimed to highlight the non-exceptional nature and explore the clinical spectrum and evolution of neurological features related to influenza virus in children. This monocentric observational study included patients under 18 years old, positive for influenza virus, between January 2017 and April 2019 in a pediatric university hospital...
June 2023: European Journal of Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36908623/case-report-a-case-of-acute-disseminated-encephalomyelitis-after-sars-cov-2-infection-in-pediatric-patients
#15
Francesca Cautilli, Mariavittoria Feleppa, Massimiliano Valeriani, Laura Papetti, Gabriele Monte, Fabio Midulla, Alberto Spalice
INTRODUCTION: Since the beginning, there has been enough evidence about the multi-systematic involvement of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent observations have revealed that, together with others, typical neurological manifestations are also associated with COVID-19 infection. In the first 2 years, children accounted for a few percent of cases, but with the emergence of the Omicron variant, the number of cases in the pediatric population has increased...
2023: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36860280/case-report-varicella-associated-neuropsychiatric-syndrome-vans-in-two-pediatric-cases
#16
Devika Dahiya, Claudia Marques Matos, Ming Lim, Ines Madureira, Sofia Duarte, Susan Byrne, Thomas Rossor
BACKGROUND: Viral or bacterial infections can trigger auto-immune inflammatory reactions and conditions in children. Self-reactivity arises due to similarities in molecular structures between pathogenic microorganisms and regular body structures with consequent immune-cross reactions. Reactivation of latent Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) infections can cause neurological sequalae, including cerebellitis, post-herpetic neuralgias, meningo/encephalitis, vasculopathy and myelopathy. We propose a syndrome caused by auto-immune reactivity triggered by molecular mimicry between VZV and the brain, culminating in a post-infectious psychiatric syndrome with childhood VZV infections...
March 2023: Brain, behavior, & immunity health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36856351/assessment-of-prognostic-factors-and-validity-of-scoring-models-in-childhood-autoimmune-encephalitis
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seda Kanmaz, Sanem Yılmaz, Dilara Ece Toprak, Yavuz Atas, Tuğçe İnce, Erdem Şimşek, İpek Dokurel, Cemile Büşra Ölçülü, Özlem Yılmaz, Gürsel Şen, Mustafa Kaan Hükmen, Hepsen Mine Serin, Gül Aktan, Sarenur Gökben, Hasan Tekgül
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic factors in a single-center pediatric cohort with autoimmune encephalitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 23 pediatric autoimmune encephalitis patients (seropositive autoimmune encephalitis: 15, seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: 8). Five group prognostic parameters were evaluated: clinical manifestations, elect roenc ephal ograp hy features, magnetic resonance imaging characteristics, biomarkers, and treatment modalities...
March 2023: Turkish archives of pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36511273/nationwide-survey-of-childhood-guillain-barr%C3%A3-syndrome-fisher-syndrome-and-bickerstaff-brainstem-encephalitis-in-japan
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katsunori Fujii, Tadashi Shiohama, Tomoko Uchida, Hajime Ikehara, Tomoyuki Fukuhara, Daisuke Sawada, Hiromi Aoyama, Hideki Uchikawa, Shoko Yoshii, Yukie Arahata, Naoki Shimojo, Sonoko Misawa, Satoshi Kuwabara
OBJECTIVE: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Fisher syndrome (FS), and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) are immune-mediated neuropathies presenting with symptoms such as weakness, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and consciousness disturbances. Although the epidemiology of GBS and BBE in patients of all ages has been reported, childhood data have not been well-investigated. We aimed to determine the clinical features, therapeutics, and prognoses of childhood GBS, FS, and BBE in Japan...
January 2023: Brain & Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36161629/clinically-mild-encephalitis-encephalopathy-with-a-reversible-splenial-lesion-of-the-corpus-callosum-in-childhood-a-single-center-experience
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Halil Çelik, Betül Emine Derinkuyu, Erhan Aksoy, Ülkühan Öztoprak, Nesrin Ceylan, Ebru Azapağası, Suna Özdem, Melek Melehat Oğuz, Deniz Yüksel
BACKGROUND: Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a rare clinicoradiological syndrome that typically presents with central nervous system symptoms such as loss of consciousness, seizure, headache, and ophthalmoparesis. METHODS: Here, we highlight the characteristics of this syndrome together with the clinical and MRI findings of 6 pediatric patients with MERS. RESULTS: Between January 2017 and October 2020, 6 patients with MERS (3 boys and 3 girls) presented to our center...
April 2022: Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36066146/multiple-encephalopathy-syndrome-a-case-of-a-novel-radiological-subtype-of-acute-encephalopathy-in-childhood
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Y Fujita, G Imataka, H Sakuma, J-I Takanashi, S Yoshihara
INTRODUCTION: This report presents the case of a novel subtype of acute encephalopathy syndrome in childhood found in a patient with influenza type A infection; the patient exhibited evident magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. CASE REPORT: A 4-year-old boy was transferred to our hospital for prolonged (lasting 60 min) status epilepticus with influenza encephalopathy. Mild brain hypothermia therapy was applied for 72 h, followed by targeted temperature management for 96 h with mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit...
August 2022: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
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