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Neurological complications of cancer

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524092/varicella-zoster-meningitis-and-myelitis-after-herpes-zoster-dermatitis-treatment-with-amenamevir-a-case-series-and-literature-review
#1
Satoru Tada, Yuta Kaito, Akihiro Watanabe, Yukio Sugiyama, Akira Nishigaichi, Takashi Miwa, Kotaro Watanabe, Takanori Hazama, Daisuke Takahashi
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), known for causing chickenpox, establishes latent infections in neural tissues. Reactivation of VZV can lead to herpes zoster (HZ) and various neurological complications. In this report, we present four cases of VZV meningitis and myelitis following amenamevir treatment for HZ dermatitis with positive VZV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three of them were considered immunocompromised hosts given the fact that two of these patients were taking immunosuppressive drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, and one patient had a history of sigmoid colon cancer (four months after resection)...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512531/primary-vs-pre-emptive-anti-seizure-medication-prophylaxis-in-anti-cd19-car-t-cell-therapy
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Umberto Pensato, Federica Pondrelli, Chiara de Philippis, Gian Maria Asioli, Alessandra Crespi, Alessandro Buizza, Daniele Mannina, Beatrice Casadei, Enrico Maffini, Laura Straffi, Simona Marcheselli, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Francesca Bonifazi, Maria Guarino, Stefania Bramanti
INTRODUCTION: Seizures may occur in up to 30% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients who received anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy, yet the optimal anti-seizure medication (ASM) prevention strategy has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS: Consecutive patients affected by refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma who received anti-CD19 CAR T-cells were included. Patients were selected and assessed using similar internal protocols. ASM was started either as a primary prophylaxis (PP-group) before CAR T-cells infusion or as a pre-emptive therapy (PET-group) only upon the onset of neurotoxicity development...
March 21, 2024: Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496073/physiotherapy-rehabilitation-following-acoustic-neuroma-resection-in-a-patient-with-cerebellopontine-angle-tumour-a-case-report
#3
Ishwin Kaur B Bagga, Subrat Samal
Acoustic neuroma excision in patients with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumours offers particular rehabilitation problems due to the complicated architecture of the cerebellum and brainstem tissues involved. CPA tumours (acoustic neuromas) are slow-growing tumours that arise from the vestibulocochlear nerve. Surgical excision of these tumours can cause neurological abnormalities that compromise motor coordination, balance, and facial nerve function. The case study emphasises the importance of a comprehensive physiotherapeutic approach in rehabilitating a patient following acoustic neuroma excision, with a focus on particular CPA tumour deficits...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494295/paraneoplastic-neurologic-syndrome-and-autoantibody-accompaniments-of-germ-cell-tumors
#4
REVIEW
M Bakri Hammami, Mohamed Rezk, Divyanshu Dubey
Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNSs) are a group of diseases affecting the central and/or peripheral nervous system caused by immune-mediated processes directed toward antigens with shared expression in tumor and neural tissue. Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are associated with PNSs with varied clinical phenotypes. Early diagnosis of PNS is vital to potentially uncover and treat underlying tumors, improving the chances of recovery, and preventing permanent neurologic complications. In this chapter, we outline the pathophysiology and epidemiology of PNS...
2024: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494292/paraneoplastic-neurologic-manifestations-of-neuroendocrine-tumors
#5
REVIEW
Marco Zoccarato, Wolfgang Grisold
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from the transformation of neuroendocrine cells in several organs, most notably the gastro-entero-pancreatic system and respiratory tract. The classification was recently revised in the 5th Edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. NENs can rarely spread to the central or peripheral nervous systems. Neurologic involvement is determined by the rare development of paraneoplastic syndromes, which are remote effects of cancer...
2024: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493795/global-regional-and-national-burden-of-disorders-affecting-the-nervous-system-1990-2021-a-systematic-analysis-for-the-global-burden-of-disease-study-2021
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
BACKGROUND: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage...
March 5, 2024: Lancet Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482411/pd-1-induced-encephalopathy-a-report-of-2-cases-on-neurological-toxicities-with-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors
#7
Xingrui Chen, Minting Ye, Ruyu Ai, Changguo Shan, Minyao Lai, Weiping Hong, Yanying Yang, Hui Wang, Juan Li, Junjie Zhen, Jiangfen Zhou, Qingjun Hu, Shaoqun Li, Antonio Rossi, Toyoaki Hida, Rafael Rosell, Shuisheng Zhong, Linbo Cai
BACKGROUND: Immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) often occur during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. In the nervous system, the incidence of irAEs ranges from 0.1-12%, with 80% occurring within the first 4 months of ICI application. For complications of the nervous system, adequate diagnosis is made by signs, symptoms, imaging and cerebrospinal fluid. If severe irAEs occur, ICIs should be discontinued and patients should be treated with high-dose glucocorticoids, immunoglobulins, or immunosorbent therapy with systemic support...
February 29, 2024: Translational Cancer Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438018/neurological-complications-of-modern-radiotherapy-for-head-and-neck-cancer
#8
REVIEW
James C H Chow, Jason C S Ho, Ka Man Cheung, David Johnson, Bonaventure Y M Ip, Jonathan J Beitler, Primož Strojan, Antti A Mäkitie, Avraham Eisbruch, Sweet Ping Ng, Sandra Nuyts, William M Mendenhall, Silvia Babighian, Alfio Ferlito
Radiotherapy is one of the mainstay treatment modalities for the management of non-metastatic head and neck cancer (HNC). Notable improvements in treatment outcomes have been observed in the recent decades. Modern radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy and charged particle therapy, have significantly improved tumor target conformity and enabled better preservation of normal structures. However, because of the intricate anatomy of the head and neck region, multiple critical neurological structures such as the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, cranial nerves, nerve plexuses, autonomic pathways, brain vasculature, and neurosensory organs, are variably irradiated during treatment, particularly when tumor targets are in close proximity...
March 2, 2024: Radiotherapy and Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38422460/epilepsia-partialis-continua-as-a-sequelae-of-measles-infection-in-children-with-hematolymphoid-malignancies
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sudivya Sharma, Chetan Dhamne, Shilpushp Bhosale, Badira Parambil, Jigeeshu Divatia, Girish Chinnaswamy, Vasundhara Patil, Rishikesh Joshi, Sridhar Epari, Anita Mahadevan, Sunil Vaidya, Shilpa Kulkarni, Atul Kulkarni, Vijaya Patil, Shyam Srinivasan, Venkata Rama Mohan Gollamudi, Nirmalya Roy Moulik, Maya Prasad, Gaurav Narula, Shripad Banavali
PURPOSE: To share our clinical experience with the diagnosis and management of children with hematolymphoid malignancies presenting with epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) as a sequelae of measles infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In December 2022, a series of children in our hemato-oncology unit presented with focal status epilepticus with no conclusive evidence pointing toward any underlying etiology. One such child had a typical measles rash a few weeks before the onset of this focal status epilepticus...
February 2024: JCO global oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38414556/efficacy-of-acupuncture-therapy-on-cancer-related-insomnia-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis
#10
Liying Chen, Jiaqi Li, Shiting Xu, Zhiyi Liu, Yang Jiao, Zhongyu Zhou
OBJECTIVES: Cancer-related insomnia (CRI) takes a toll on many cancer survivors, causing distressing symptoms and deteriorating the quality of life. Acupuncture therapy has been used for CRI already. However, it is still uncertain which acupuncture regime is best for CRI. The primary objective of this review is to conduct a comparative evaluation and ranking of the effectiveness of different acupuncture therapies for CRI. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published up to July 31, 2023, from 8 databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine disc) were integrated in this study...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38404774/the-clinical-spectrum-of-ataxia-telangiectasia-in-a-cohort-in-sweden
#11
Hannes Lindahl, Eva Svensson, Annika Danielsson, Andreas Puschmann, Per Svenningson, Bianca Tesi, Martin Paucar
Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T), caused by biallelic variants in the ATM gene, is a multisystemic and severe syndrome characterized by progressive ataxia, telangiectasia, hyperkinesia, immunodeficiency, increased risk of malignancy, and typically death before the age of 30. In this retrospective study we describe the phenotype of 14 pediatric and adult A-T patients evaluated at the Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden during the last 12 years. Most of the patients in this cohort were severely affected by ataxia and wheelchair use started at a median age of 9 years...
February 29, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38400610/autoimmune-movement-disorders-complicating-treatment-with-immune-checkpoint-inhibitors
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessandro Dinoto, Milena Trentinaglia, Sara Carta, Elisa Mantovani, Sergio Ferrari, Stefano Tamburin, Michele Tinazzi, Sara Mariotto
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may trigger autoimmune neurological conditions, including movement disorders (MD). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize MDs occurring as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of ICIs. METHODS: A systematic literature review of case reports/series of MDs as irAEs of ICIs was performed. RESULTS: Of 5682 eligible papers, 26 articles with 28 patients were included...
February 23, 2024: Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38394546/chemotherapy-associated-hemorrhagic-posterior-reversible-encephalopathy-syndrome-pres-with-considerations-for-circle-of-willis-variants-on-cerebral-blood-flow-and-autoregulation-a-case-report
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bahadar S Srichawla, Kendall Presti, Vincent Kipkorir, Idanis Berrios Morales
RATIONALE: Hodgkin lymphoma, a lymphatic system cancer, is treated by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurotoxic effect associated with several drugs and systemic conditions. This case study emphasizes the potential risks of intensive chemotherapy regimens and postulates the impact of the circle of Willis variants on the heterogeneity of hemispheric lesions in PRES. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 42-year-old woman diagnosed with stage IIA nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic thrombocytopenia presented after 6 years of initial diagnosis and 4 years post-haploidentical transplant...
February 23, 2024: Medicine (Baltimore)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391750/paraneoplastic-cerebellar-degeneration-associated-with-breast-cancer-a-case-report-and-a-narrative-review
#14
REVIEW
Rosario Luca Norrito, Maria Grazia Puleo, Chiara Pintus, Maria Grazia Basso, Giuliana Rizzo, Tiziana Di Chiara, Domenico Di Raimondo, Gaspare Parrinello, Antonino Tuttolomondo
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNSs) are an uncommon complication of cancer, affecting nearby 1/10,000 subjects with a tumour. PNSs can involve all the central and peripheral nervous systems, the muscular system, and the neuromuscular junction, causing extremely variable symptomatology. The diagnosis of the paraneoplastic disease usually precedes the clinical manifestations of cancer, making an immediate recognition of the pathology crucial to obtain a better prognosis. PNSs are autoimmune diseases caused by the expression of common antigens by the tumour and the nervous system...
February 14, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379006/readmission-after-enhanced-recovery-video-assisted-thoracoscopic-surgery-wedge-resection
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lin Huang, Henrik Kehlet, René Horsleben Petersen
BACKGROUND: Despite the implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs, surgical stress continues to influence postoperative rehabilitation, including the period after discharge. However, there is a lack of data available beyond the point of discharge following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) wedge resection. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate incidence and risk factors for readmissions after ERAS VATS wedge resection. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on data from prospectively collected consecutive VATS wedge resections from June 2019 to June 2022...
February 20, 2024: Surgical Endoscopy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364192/disseminating-necrotizing-leukoencephalopathy-associated-with-intra-csf-methotrexate-chemotherapy-a-retrospective-observational-study
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ki Hoon Kim, Moowan Park, Eun Young Park, Ho-Shin Gwak, Su-Hyun Kim, Ji Won Seo, Jae-Won Hyun, Ho Jin Kim, Yun-Sik Dho, Sang-Hoon Shin, Heon Yoo, Kyu Chang Wang
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) are neoplasms that proliferate to membranes lining the brain and spinal cord. Intra-CSF methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy is a prevalent treatment option. However, resultant long-term neurotoxicity can lead to irreversible disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy (DNL). This study aims to determine the incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of DNL following intra-CSF MTX chemotherapy for LM. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with LM who received intra-CSF MTX between 2001 and 2021 at the National Cancer Center of Korea...
March 12, 2024: Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364027/role-of-rehabilitation-in-spine-tumors
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Ruppert, Kristen de Vries
Primary and metastatic spine tumors can lead to devastating complications, but timely and careful management of these patients can improve outcomes. A multidisciplinary and structured approach is the most effective way to evaluate patients with spine disease and mitigate the risk of complications. The neurologic, oncologic, mechanical and systemic disease framework gives comprehensive guidance to providers regarding appropriate management. Physiatrists play a critical role in these patients' initial evaluation and continued management throughout cancer treatment...
March 1, 2024: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38352892/enhancing-the-referral-process-for-surgical-management-of-spinal-metastases-insights-from-a-12-year-bi-institutional-study-of-533-patients
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bertrand Debono, Alexis Perez, Guillaume Lonjon, Olivier Hamel, Jean-Baptiste Dandine, Martin Dupuy, Guillaume Dutertre, Cécile Braticevic, Igor Latorzeff, Aymeric Amelot
INTRODUCTION: Delayed surgical management of spinal metastases (SMs) can have detrimental effects on patient survival and quality of life, leading to pain and potential neurological impairment. This study aimed to assess the impact of delayed referral for SMs on clinical outcomes by analyzing patients managed in emergency situations. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients admitted on either emergency or elective basis who underwent surgery for the treatment of neoplastic spine lesions at our two institutions (tertiary referral neurosurgical units) between January 2008 and December 2019...
2024: Frontiers in Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350598/the-clearpoint-array%C3%A2-frame-an-mri-compatible-system-that-supports-non-craniotomy-multi-trajectory-ncmt-stereotactic-procedures
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Youssef J Hamade, Rajiv Dharnipragada, Clark C Chen
BACKGROUND: With continued evolution in stereotactic techniques and an expanding armamentarium of surgical therapeutic options, non-craniotomy stereotactic procedures in neuro-oncology are becoming increasingly complex, often requiring multi-trajectory approaches. Here we demonstrate that the ClearPoint SmartFrame Array®, a second-generation MRI-compatible stereotactic frame, supports such non-craniotomy, multi-trajectory (NCMT) stereotactic procedures. METHODS: We previously established a case report demonstrating the feasibility of NCMT through the ClearPoint SmartFrame Array®...
February 11, 2024: World Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38344487/etiology-clinical-manifestations-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-cobalamin-vitamin-b12-deficiency
#20
REVIEW
Sakshi S Jajoo, Udit M Zamwar, Prachee Nagrale
Cobalamin, also known as vitamin B12, is a water-soluble vitamin. Cobalamin deficiency can be frequently seen in people all around the world. It can have non-specific symptoms, and in patients who are in a very critical state, it can lead to neurological or hematological abnormalities. While pernicious anemia used to be the main cause, it now accounts for a smaller number of cases, with food-bound cobalamin malabsorption being more common. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to avoid severe complications like spinal cord degeneration and pancytopenia...
January 2024: Curēus
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