atherosclerosis exercise

Mechanosensitive ion channels are widely distributed in the heart, lung, bladder and other tissues, and plays an important role in exercise-induced cardiovascular function promotion. By reviewing the PubMed databases, the results were summarized using the terms "Exercise/Sport", "Piezo1", "Transient receptor potential (TRP)" and "Cardiovascular" as the keywords, 124-related papers screened were sorted and reviewed. The results showed that: (1) Piezo1 and TRP channels play an important role in regulating blood pressure and the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac fibrosis; (2) Exercise promotes cardiac health, inhibits the development of pathological heart to heart failure, regulating the changes in the characterization of Piezo1 and TRP channels; (3) Piezo1 activates downstream signaling pathways with very broad pathways, such as AKT/eNOS, NF-κB, p38MAPK and HIPPO-YAP signaling pathways...

In Japan, the aging of the population is rapidly accelerating, with an increase in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those undergoing dialysis. As a result, the number of individuals with cognitive impairment (CI) is rising, and addressing this issue has become an urgent problem. A notable feature of dementia in CKD patients is the high frequency of vascular dementia, making its prevention through the management of classical risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, etc...

High glucose (HG)-induced endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction is critical in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. However, the roles of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-response protein, in hemodynamic force-generated shear stress and HG-induced metabolic stress remain unclear. This investigation examined the cellular effects and mechanisms of HO-1 under physiologically high shear stress (HSS) in HG-treated ECs and adjacent SMCs. We found that exposure of human aortic ECs to HSS significantly increased HO-1 expression; however, this upregulation appeared to be independent of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, a regulator of HO-1...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, significantly impacting public health. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases account for the majority of these deaths, with atherosclerosis marking the initial and most critical phase of their pathophysiological progression. There is a complex relationship between atherosclerosis, the gut microbiome's composition and function, and the potential mediating role of exercise. The adaptability of the gut microbiome and the feasibility of exercise interventions present novel opportunities for therapeutic and preventative approaches...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The association between exercise and coronary atherosclerosis still remains unclarified. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of high coronary atherosclerotic burden in veteran athletes, considering cardiovascular (CV) risk and volume of exercise. METHODS: A total of 105 asymptomatic male veteran athletes (48±5.6 years old) were studied. A high coronary atherosclerotic burden was defined as one of the following characteristics in coronary computed tomography angiography: calcium score >100, >75th percentile, obstructive plaques, involving left main, three-vessels or two-vessels including proximal anterior descending artery, segment Involvement Score >5 or CT-adapted Leaman score ≥5...

Statins are the first line of choice for the treatment for atherosclerosis, but their use can cause myotoxicity, a common side effect that may require dosage reduction or discontinuation. The exact mechanism of statin-induced myotoxicity is unknown. Previous research has demonstrated that the combination of idebenone and statin yielded superior anti-atherosclerotic outcomes. Here, we investigated the mechanism of statin-induced myotoxicity in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice and whether idebenone could counteract it...

Cardiovascular risk increases during the aging process in women with atherosclerosis and exercise training is a strategy for management of cardiac risks in at-risk populations. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate: (1) the influence of the aging process on cardiac function, hemodynamics, cardiovascular autonomic modulation, and baroreflex sensitivity in females with atherosclerosis at the onset of reproductive senescence; and (2) the impact of exercise training on age-related dysfunctions in this model...

The communication between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is facilitated by a dynamic membrane structure formed by protein complexes known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). The structural and functional integrity of MAMs is crucial for insulin signal transduction, relying heavily on their regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial quality control, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). This article reviews recent research findings, suggesting that exercise may promote the remodeling of MAMs structure and function by modulating the expression of molecules associated with their structure and function...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammation and atherosclerosis (AS) are closely associated to Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) and its related factors. This study attempted to define the role and the potential mechanism of SPARC and its related factors in ameliorating hyperlipidemia and AS by aerobic exercise intervention. METHODS: The AS rat model was established with a high-fat diet plus vitamin D3 intraperitoneal injection. Treadmill exercises training (5 days/week at 14 m/min for 60 min/day) for 6 weeks was carried out for AS rat intervention method...

Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that increases the burden of different chronic diseases in the population. It has reached epidemic proportions and is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and some malignancies. Weight gain is a result of excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure (energy loss from metabolism and physical exercise). A ketogenic diet has a more useful effect on obesity than other diets...

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one clinical manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and is very common. Despite its prevalence, PAD remains underdiagnosed, undertreated, and understudied. The most common symptom in patients with PAD is intermittent claudication (IC), or pain in the lower extremities with walking or exertion, which is relieved after a short period of rest. Many patients with confirmed PAD are asymptomatic or have symptoms other than IC. Regardless of symptoms, patients with PAD have poor cardiovascular outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a congenital anatomical variant which is associated with strokes in young adults. Contrary to vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis, a PFO is present from birth. However, it is completely unknown how an anatomical structure that is already present at birth in a large proportion of the population, can convert into a PFO that causes stroke in a few. Recent studies reported a significant association between certain trigger factors and ischemic stroke in young adults...

Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of death in the world. It is associated with myriad diseases and premature death. Two possible contributing factors are postprandial lipidaemia (PPL), which accelerates atherosclerosis, and impaired whole-body fat oxidation, which contributes to obesity. Acute exercise in physically active people is effective for increasing whole body fat oxidation and lowering PPL the next morning. However, in people who have low physical activity (<8000 steps/day), an acute bout of exercise (1 h at 62% maximal oxygen consumption) has no effect on increasing fat oxidation or reducing PPL ('exercise resistance')...

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is located between the heart muscle and visceral pericardium, where it has direct contact with coronary blood vessels. Elevated thickness of this tissue can induce local inflammation affecting the myocardium and the underlying coronary arteries, contributing to various cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Recent studies have identified EAT thickness as a simple and reliable biomarker for certain cardiovascular outcomes...

The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases are still rising. The principal mechanism that drives them is atherosclerosis, an affection given by dyslipidemia and a pro-inflammatory state. Paraoxonase enzymes have a protective role due to their ability to contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, especially paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 binds with HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and high serum levels lead to a protective state against dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to evaluate near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a non-invasive technique to assess tissue oxygenation and mitochondrial function, as a diagnostic tool for statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). METHODS: We verified SAMS in 39 statin-treated patients (23 women) using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over protocol. Subjects with suspected SAMS were randomised to simvastatin 20 mg/day or placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week no treatment period and then assigned to the alternative treatment, either simvastatin or placebo...

BACKGROUND: The magnitude of exercise-induced cardiac troponin (cTn) elevations is dependent on cardiovascular health status, and previous studies have shown that occult coronary atherosclerosis is highly prevalent among amateur athletes. We tested the hypothesis that middle-aged and older athletes with coronary atherosclerosis demonstrate greater cTn elevations following a controlled endurance exercise test compared to healthy peers. METHODS: We included 59 male athletes from the MARC-2 study and stratified them as controls (coronary artery calcium score (CACS) = 0, n=20), high CACS (≥300 Agatston Units or ≥75th MESA percentile, n=20) or significant stenosis (≥50% in any coronary artery, n=19)...

Indians have early onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and acquire the risk factors at a younger age, and hence we need to aggressively address the management of dyslipidemia in the young. Cholesterol levels early in life will influence the development of atherosclerosis. Young atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients (18-40 yrs) should receive lipid-lowering drugs to reduce LDL-C<55 mg. Due to the asymptomatic nature of dyslipidemia, early screening will enable the implementation of management strategies which will decrease future cardiovascular events...

OBJECTIVES: The correlation between exercise type and intensity and coronary artery inflammation in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the relationship between coronary inflammation quantified by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and exercise intensity and pattern in patients with CAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent CCTA between 2019 and 2023 in the second hospital of Lanzhou University were retrospectively examined...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a spectrum of metabolic disorders distinguished by the persistent elevation of glucose levels in the bloodstream. It stands as a primary risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), denoted by atherosclerosis affecting the lower extremities. One clinical manifestation of symptomatic PAD is intermittent claudication alleviated by rest but also capable of presenting as atypical leg pain. Confirmatory diagnostic measures, including the ankle-brachial index (ABI), toe-brachial index (TBI), or Doppler waveform analysis, are imperative in the verification of PAD...