Grand mal

The striatum plays a crucial role in studying epilepsy, as it is involved in seizure generation and modulation of brain activity. To explore the complex interplay between the striatum and epilepsy, we engineered advanced microelectrode arrays (MEAs) specifically designed for precise monitoring of striatal electrophysiological activities in rats. These observations were made during and following seizure induction, particularly three and 7 days post-initial modeling. The modification of graphene oxide (GO)/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/platinu-m nanoparticles (PtNPs) demonstrated a marked reduction in impedance (10...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: This case highlights the need for tailored strategies to address issues like brain herniation, subdural hygroma, and cerebrospinal fluid leak, which, if not managed promptly, can lead to long-term neurological deficits. Additionally, the role of specialized facilities in delivering highly specialized care for managing such intricate cases cannot be understated. ABSTRACT: Decompressive craniectomy-induced subdural hygroma (SDH) frequently coexists with external cerebral herniation, resulting in neurological impairments...

RATIONALE: The presence of clinically significant repeated maternal epilepsies during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes. However, there are few guidelines for anesthesiologists to deal with this situation. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES: A 28-year-old primigravida was transferred to the operating room for emergency cesarean section. Based on the patient's complaints and clinical appearance, provisional diagnosis of preeclampsia at 33 weeks' gestation as well as frequent and repeated grand mal convulsions at 14 years of age were considered...

BACKGROUND: Disseminated tuberculosis is an uncommon but devastating form of tuberculosis, possibly developing with the immune response of patients. COVID-19 infection may produce an immunosuppressive effect with possible implications for tuberculosis dissemination. CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old female patient with a history of tuberculous pleurisy presented to the hospital with a high fever and life-threatening dyspnea after contracting a COVID-19 infection...

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that paternal stress prior to conception can influence the innate behaviours of their offspring. The evolutionary impacts of such intergenerational effects are therefore of considerable interest. Our group previously showed in a model of daily stress that glucocorticoid treatment of adult male mouse breeders prior to conception leads to increased anxiety-related behaviours in male offspring. Here, we aimed to understand the transgenerational effects of paternal stress exposure on the social behaviour of progeny and its potential influence on reproductive success...

A 7-month-old female spayed domestic short hair cat was presented for evaluation of inadequate clinical response to medical management for hepatic encephalopathy (HE). An abdominal computed tomography (CT) was to be performed but the cat developed 2 grand mal seizures shortly after presentation. Minimal handling and no drugs had been administered before the seizures. A single dose of diazepam (0.3 mg/kg, IV) was administered after each seizure. Another seizure occurred 24 h after hospitalization and diazepam (0...

A 52-year-old male with acute onset right-sided weakness, numbness, and buttock pain after consuming 30 tablets of doxylamine antihistamine the night prior. Laboratory tests showed elevated creatinine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, troponins, liver transaminases, and phosphate. The patient was admitted to the medical intensive care unit for severe rhabdomyolysis, acute liver failure, and acute kidney injury secondary to doxylamine intoxication. Studies describe symptoms of severe doxylamine intoxication, such as impaired consciousness (coma), grand mal seizures, and cardiopulmonary arrest...

UNLABELLED: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes a broad range of clinical findings and can present unusually as electrolyte disturbance, such as hyponatremia that causes seizures in children. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 2-month-old infant who presented with an episode of grand mal seizure induced by hyponatremia and moderate episodes of milky vomiting after breastfeeding. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Proper investigations showed normal cardiac and renal functions...

A 30-year-old female presented to their local emergency department with an active, unprovoked generalized tonic-clonic seizure in progress. Past medical and family history of the patient did not include inflammatory or autoimmune conditions nor epilepsy or seizure. The patient's toxicology screen was negative, along with neurological and infectious differentials assessed for rule-outs. This case report includes updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus for advanced practice providers...

PURPOSE: Intracranial collision tumor is a rare entity that represents the coexistence of two histopathological different tumor types in the same area without histological admixture or an intermediate cell population zone. So far, several cases of collision tumors with ganglioglioma as its component have been reported in the literature, while supratentorial ependymoma has never been reported as a collision tumor component. We are presenting a unique case of collision tumor in patient without previous history of head trauma, neurological surgery, radiotherapy, or phakomatosis...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Oral myiasis (OM) is brought on by parasitic larvae that consume both living and dead tissue. Our study aims to present the possible circumstances under which people suffer from this deteriorating condition in juxtaposition to scar epilepsy. ABSTRACT: A uncommon disease known as oral myiasis (OM) is brought on by parasitic larvae that consume both living and dead tissue. OM cases in humans are scarce, although most of those reported come from developing nations or tropical regions...

OBJECTIVE: Epilepsy, a neurodegenerative disorder, continues to throw challenges in the therapeutic management. The current study sought to ascertain if the therapeutic interactions between piracetam and diethylstilbestrol may prevent grand-mal seizures in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Piracetam (PIR; 10 and 20 mg/kg) and diethylstilbestrol (DES; 10 and 20 mg/kg) alone as a low-dose combination were administered to rats for 14 days. The electroshock (MES; 180 mA, 220 V for 0...

BACKGROUND: The changes of plasma transcobalamin-II (TCII) and Zinc (Zn) Levels in epileptic patients are not clearly understood. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the plasma contents of TCII and Zn levels in newly-diagnosed epileptic seizure patients, long-standing grand mal epileptic patients following treatment with sodium valproate and healthy control group. METHODS: Thirty patients aged 36.76±12.91 years with newly-diagnosed and thirty long-standing grand mal epileptic patients aged 35...

BACKGROUND: Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most effective way to end the pandemic. Any development of adverse events (AEs) from various vaccines should be reported. We therefore aimed to explore major and minor AEs among vaccinated individuals in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This is a nationwide report based on the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health (MOH) registry. It included those who received COVID-19 vaccines from 17th December 2020 to 31st December 2021...

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous bilateral femur neck fracture is a rare entity in the general population. CASE SUMMARY: A 17-year-old immobile, developmentally delayed male with the sequelae of cerebral palsy fractured both femoral necks during a grand mal epileptic seizure. He had been treated with valproic acid as an antiseizure medication for about 10 years; otherwise, he had no history of drug use. The laboratory analysis was normal except a marked vitamin D deficiency...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) using lauromacrogol sclerosant foam for gastric varices (GVs) with gastrorenal venous shunts. METHODS: Data of GV patients treated with BRTO using lauromacrogol sclerosant foam in 2016-2020 were retrospectively analyzed along with procedural success rate, complications, and follow-up efficacy. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients were treated with BRTO...

Autosomal dominant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (ADSHE) is characterized by severe sleep-related rigid hypermotor seizures. The pathogenic genes of ADSHE include genes encoding subunits of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, KCNT1 , DEPDC5 , NPRL2/3 , CABP4 , and CRH. Individuals with KCNT1 -related ADSHE are more likely to develop seizures at a younger age, have cognitive comorbidity, and display psychiatric and behavioral problems. In this study, a 12-year-old Chinese girl was referred for genetic evaluation of grand mal seizures...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety are unforeseen among primary caregivers of patients with epilepsy. Little attention is being given to the problem in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among caregivers of children and adolescents with epilepsy in three selected hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia. METHODS: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ethiopia from January 1-30/2021...

BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors are increasingly being recognized as a cause of multiple electrolyte disturbances, including hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatasemia, hypokalemia and hyponatremia, particularly in persons on long-term therapy. The mechanisms, consequences, and management of these electrolyte disturbances are discussed below. CASE REPORT A 55-year-old woman was seen by various clinicians, with a variety of clinical presentations, over the space of a couple of years. During each visit, she had electrolyte disturbances and was on proton pump inhibitor therapy, which were either continued or changed to a different proton pump inhibitor...

The unpredictable nature of epileptic seizures makes it challenging to detect and effectively treat this disorder. The seizures are random, and most epileptic patients experience dangerous physical symptoms during an attack that renders the patient uneasy when conducting their daily tasks. This paper focuses on the generalised type of epilepsy, namely "Grand mal epilepsy Tonic-Clonic (GTC) seizure. The research aims to monitor symptoms of epileptic disease behaviour signals in humans and prevent it at its early stage of illness...