keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536593/altered-grooming-cycles-in-transgenic-drosophila
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John M Ringo, Daniel Segal
Head grooming in Drosophila consists of repeated sweeps of the legs across the head, comprising regular cycles. We used the GAL4-UAS system to study the effects of overexpressing shibirets1 and of Adar knockdown via RNA interference, on the period of head-grooming cycles in Drosophila. Overexpressing shibirets1 interferes with synaptic vesicle recycling and thus with cell communication, while Adar knockdown reduces RNA editing of neuronal transcripts for a large number of genes. All transgenic flies and their controls were tested at 22° to avoid temperature effects; in wild type, cycle frequency varied with temperature with a Q10 of 1...
March 27, 2024: Behavior Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536114/how-does-our-brain-process-positive-and-negative-thermosensory-cues
#2
REVIEW
Jose Gabriel Grajales-Reyes, Bandy Chen, David Meseguer Garcia, Marc Schneeberger Pane
Whether it is the dramatic suffocating sensation from a heat wave in the summer or the positive reinforcement arising from a hot drink on a cold day; we can certainly agree that our thermal environment underlies our daily rhythms of sensation. Extensive research has focused on deciphering the central circuits responsible for conveying the impact of thermogenesis on mammalian behavior. Here, we revise the recent literature responsible for defining the behavioral correlates that arise from thermogenic fluctuations in mammals...
March 27, 2024: Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533662/neural-circuits-underlying-reciprocal-cardiometabolic-crosstalk-2023-arthur-c-corcoran-memorial-lecture
#3
REVIEW
Kamal Rahmouni
The interplay of various body systems, encompassing those that govern cardiovascular and metabolic functions, has evolved alongside the development of multicellular organisms. This evolutionary process is essential for the coordination and maintenance of homeostasis and overall health by facilitating the adaptation of the organism to internal and external cues. Disruption of these complex interactions contributes to the development and progression of pathologies that involve multiple organs. Obesity-associated cardiovascular risks, such as hypertension, highlight the significant influence that metabolic processes exert on the cardiovascular system...
March 27, 2024: Hypertension
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533562/computational-synaptic-modeling-of-pitch-and-duration-mismatch-negativity-in-first-episode-psychosis-reveals-selective-dysfunction-of-the-n-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
F López-Caballero, R Auksztulewicz, Z Howard, R E Rosch, J Todd, D F Salisbury
Mismatch negativity (MMN) to pitch (pMMN) and to duration (dMMN) deviant stimuli is significantly more attenuated in long-term psychotic illness compared to first-episode psychosis (FEP). It was recently shown that source-modeling of magnetically recorded MMN increases the detection of left auditory cortex MMN deficits in FEP, and that computational circuit modeling of electrically recorded MMN also reveals left-hemisphere auditory cortex abnormalities. Computational modeling using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) can also be used to infer synaptic activity from EEG-based scalp recordings...
March 27, 2024: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience: Official Journal of the EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ENCS)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533456/diving-into-the-zebrafish-brain-exploring-neuroscience-frontiers-with-genetic-tools-imaging-techniques-and-behavioral-insights
#5
REVIEW
O Doszyn, T Dulski, J Zmorzynska
The zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) is increasingly used in neuroscience research. Zebrafish are relatively easy to maintain, and their high fecundity makes them suitable for high-throughput experiments. Their small, transparent embryos and larvae allow for easy microscopic imaging of the developing brain. Zebrafish also share a high degree of genetic similarity with humans, and are amenable to genetic manipulation techniques, such as gene knockdown, knockout, or knock-in, which allows researchers to study the role of specific genes relevant to human brain development, function, and disease...
2024: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532986/a-theory-of-the-neural-mechanisms-underlying-negative-cognitive-bias-in-major-depression
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuyue Jiang
The widely acknowledged cognitive theory of depression, developed by Aaron Beck, focused on biased information processing that emphasizes the negative aspects of affective and conceptual information. Current attempts to discover the neurological mechanism underlying such cognitive and affective bias have successfully identified various brain regions associated with severally biased functions such as emotion, attention, rumination, and inhibition control. However, the neurobiological mechanisms of how individuals in depression develop this selective processing toward negative is still under question...
2024: Frontiers in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532789/the-effect-of-reward-on-motor-learning-different-stage-different-effect
#7
REVIEW
Jingwang Zhao, Guanghu Zhang, Dongsheng Xu
Motor learning is a prominent and extensively studied subject in rehabilitation following various types of neurological disorders. Motor repair and rehabilitation often extend over months and years post-injury with a slow pace of recovery, particularly affecting the fine movements of the distal extremities. This extended period can diminish the motivation and persistence of patients, a facet that has historically been overlooked in motor learning until recent years. Reward, including monetary compensation, social praise, video gaming, music, and virtual reality, is currently garnering heightened attention for its potential to enhance motor motivation and improve function...
2024: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531502/low-frequency-stimulation-for-seizure-suppression-identification-of-optimal-targets-in-the-entorhinal-hippocampal-circuit
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Piret Kleis, Enya Paschen, Ute Häussler, Carola A Haas
BACKGROUND: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common form of drug-resistant focal epilepsy in adults. Treatment for pharmacoresistant patients remains a challenge, with deep brain stimulation (DBS) showing promise for alleviating intractable seizures. This study explores the efficacy of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on specific neuronal targets within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit in a mouse model of MTLE. OBJECTIVE: /Hypothesis: Our previous research demonstrated that LFS of the medial perforant path (MPP) fibers in the sclerotic hippocampus reduced seizures in epileptic mice...
March 24, 2024: Brain Stimulation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531357/spatial-patterning-controls-neuron-numbers-in-the-drosophila-visual-system
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer A Malin, Yen-Chung Chen, Félix Simon, Evelyn Keefer, Claude Desplan
Neurons must be made in the correct proportions to communicate with the appropriate synaptic partners and form functional circuits. In the Drosophila visual system, multiple subtypes of distal medulla (Dm) inhibitory interneurons are made in distinct, reproducible numbers-from 5 to 800 per optic lobe. These neurons are born from a crescent-shaped neuroepithelium called the outer proliferation center (OPC), which can be subdivided into specific domains based on transcription factor and growth factor expression...
March 19, 2024: Developmental Cell
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530297/intensity-and-frequency-specific-effects-of-transcranial-alternating-current-stimulation-are-explained-by-network-dynamics
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhihe Zhao, Sina Shirinpour, Harry Tran, Miles Wischnewski, Alexander Opitz
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can be used to non-invasively entrain neural activity, and thereby cause changes in local neural oscillatory power. Despite an increased use in cognitive and clinical neuroscience, the fundamental mechanisms of tACS are still not fully understood.
Approach. We developed a computational neuronal network model of two-compartment pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons which mimic the local cortical circuits. We modeled tACS with electric field strengths that are achievable in human applications...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Neural Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529366/the-alterations-in-the-brain-corresponding-to-low-back-pain-recent-insights-and-advances
#11
REVIEW
Xuyang Li, Fancheng Meng, Wenye Huang, Yue Cui, Fanbo Meng, Shengxi Wu, Hui Xu
Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of global disabilities. Numerous molecular, cellular, and anatomical factors are implicated in LBP. Current issues regarding neurologic alterations in LBP have focused on the reorganization of peripheral nerve and spinal cord, but neural mechanisms of exactly what LBP impacts on the brain required further researches. Based on existing clinical studies that chronic pain problems were accompanying alterations in brain structures and functions, researchers proposed logical conjectures that similar alterations occur in LBP patients as well...
2024: Neural Plasticity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527654/pentylenetetrazole-kindling-induces-dynamic-changes-in-gad65-expression-in-hippocampal-somatostatin-interneurons
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuki Kajita, Yuki Fukuda, Riho Kawamatsu, Takanori Oyanagi, Hajime Mushiake
INTRODUCTION: One of the mechanisms of epileptgenesis is impairment of inhibitory neural circuits. Several studies have compared neural changes among subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid-related (GABAergic) neurons after acquired epileptic seizure. However, it is unclear that GABAergic neural modifications that occur during acquisition process of epileptic seizure. METHODS: Male rats were injected with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ kindling: n = 30) or saline (control: n = 15) every other day to observe the development of epileptic seizure stages...
March 23, 2024: Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526084/recording-and-analyzing-multimodal-large-scale-neuronal-ensemble-dynamics-on-cmos-integrated-high-density-microelectrode-array
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brett Addison Emery, Shahrukh Khanzada, Xin Hu, Diana Klütsch, Hayder Amin
Large-scale neuronal networks and their complex distributed microcircuits are essential to generate perception, cognition, and behavior that emerge from patterns of spatiotemporal neuronal activity. These dynamic patterns emerging from functional groups of interconnected neuronal ensembles facilitate precise computations for processing and coding multiscale neural information, thereby driving higher brain functions. To probe the computational principles of neural dynamics underlying this complexity and investigate the multiscale impact of biological processes in health and disease, large-scale simultaneous recordings have become instrumental...
March 8, 2024: Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523701/assessing-depression-recurrence-cognitive-burden-and-neurobiological-homeostasis-in-late-life-design-and-rationale-of-the-rembrandt-study
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Warren D Taylor, Olusola Ajilore, Helmet T Karim, Meryl A Butters, Robert Krafty, Brian D Boyd, Layla Banihashemi, Sarah M Szymkowicz, Claire Ryan, Jason Hassenstab, Bennett A Landman, Carmen Andreescu
BACKGROUND: Late-life depression is characterized by disability, cognitive impairment and decline, and a high risk of recurrence following remission. Aside from past psychiatric history, prognostic neurobiological and clinical factors influencing recurrence risk are unclear. Moreover, it is unclear if cognitive impairment predisposes to recurrence, or whether recurrent episodes may accelerate brain aging and cognitive decline. The purpose of the REMBRANDT study (Recurrence markers, cognitive burden, and neurobiological homeostasis in late-life depression) is to better elucidate these relationships and identify phenotypic, cognitive, environmental, and neurobiological factors contributing to and predictive of depression recurrence...
March 2024: J Mood Anxiety Disord
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523698/olfactory-information-processing-viewed-through-mitral-and-tufted-cell-specific-channels
#15
REVIEW
Tatsumi Hirata
Parallel processing is a fundamental strategy of sensory coding. Through this processing, unique and distinct features of sensations are computed and projected to the central targets. This review proposes that mitral and tufted cells, which are the second-order projection neurons in the olfactory bulb, contribute to parallel processing within the olfactory system. Based on anatomical and functional evidence, I discuss potential features that could be conveyed through the unique channel formed by these neurons...
2024: Frontiers in Neural Circuits
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522590/parvalbumin-neurons-in-the-nucleus-accumbens-shell-modulate-seizure-in-temporal-lobe-epilepsy
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tong Jiang, Shuyu Liang, Xiaohan Zhang, Shasha Dong, HaiFang Zhu, Ying Wang, Yanping Sun
A growing number of clinical and animal studies suggest that the nucleus accumbens (NAc), especially the shell, is involved in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the role of parvalbumin (PV) GABAergic neurons in the NAc shell involved in TLE is still unclear. In this study, we induced a spontaneous TLE model by intrahippocampal administration of kainic acid (KA), which generally induce acute seizures in first 2 h (acute phase) and then lead to spontaneous recurrent seizures after two months (chronic phase)...
March 22, 2024: Neurobiology of Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522401/calcium-induced-upregulation-of-energy-metabolism-heats-neurons-during-neural-activity
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiayang Wu, Yutaka Shindo, Kohji Hotta, Cong Quang Vu, Kai Lu, Tetsuichi Wazawa, Takeharu Nagai, Kotaro Oka
Cellular temperature affects every biochemical reaction, underscoring its critical role in cellular functions. In neurons, temperature not only modulates neurotransmission but is also a key determinant of neurodegenerative diseases. Considering that the brain consumes a disproportionately high amount of energy relative to its weight, neural circuits likely generate a lot of heat, which can increase cytosolic temperature. However, the changes in temperature within neurons and the mechanisms of heat generation during neural excitation remain unclear...
March 22, 2024: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521869/investigation-of-central-pattern-generators-in-the-spinal-cord-of-chicken-embryos
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cristián Gutiérrez-Ibáñez, Douglas R Wylie
For most quadrupeds, locomotion involves alternating movements of the fore- and hindlimbs. In birds, however, while walking generally involves alternating movements of the legs, to generate lift and thrust, the wings are moved synchronously with each other. Neural circuits in the spinal cord, referred to as central pattern generators (CPGs), are the source of the basic locomotor rhythms and patterns. Given the differences in the patterns of movement of the wings and legs, it is likely that the neuronal components and connectivity of the CPG that coordinates wing movements differ from those that coordinate leg movements...
March 23, 2024: Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521861/adolescent-nicotine-exposure-induces-long-term-sex-specific-disturbances-in-mood-and-anxiety-related-behavioral-neuronal-and-molecular-phenotypes-in-the-mesocorticolimbic-system
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tsun Hay Jason Ng, Mohammed H Sarikahya, Roger Hudson, Hanna J Szkudlarek, Enzo Pérez-Valenzuela, Taygun C Uzuneser, Emma Proud, Dana Gummerson, Miray Youssef, Madeline Machado, Kuralay Zhaksylyk, Marieka V DeVuono, Chaochao Chen, Ken K-C Yeung, Walter J Rushlow, Steven R Laviolette
The majority of lifetime smokers begin using nicotine during adolescence, a critical period of brain development wherein neural circuits critical for mood, affect and cognition are vulnerable to drug-related insults. Specifically, brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus, are implicated in both nicotine dependence and pathological phenotypes linked to mood and anxiety disorders. Clinical studies report that females experience higher rates of mood/anxiety disorders and are more resistant to smoking cessation therapies, suggesting potential sex-specific responses to nicotine exposure and later-life neuropsychiatric risk...
March 23, 2024: Neuropsychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521352/molecular-tools-for-recording-and-intervention-of-neuronal-activity
#20
REVIEW
Kisang Eom, Jinhwan Jung, Byungsoo Kim, Jung Ho Hyun
Observing the activity of neural networks is critical for the identification of learning and memory processes, as well as abnormal activities of neural circuits in disease, particularly for the purpose of tracking disease progression. Methodologies for describing the activity history of neural networks using molecular biology techniques first utilized genes expressed by active neurons, followed by the application of recently developed techniques including optogenetics and incorporation of insights garnered from other disciplines, including chemistry and physics...
March 21, 2024: Molecules and Cells
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