keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535333/matrix-and-surface-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization-mass-spectrometry-methods-for-urological-cancer-biomarker-discovery-metabolomics-and-lipidomics-approaches
#21
REVIEW
Adrian Arendowski
Urinary tract cancers, including those of the bladder, the kidneys, and the prostate, represent over 12% of all cancers, with significant global incidence and mortality rates. The continuous challenge that these cancers present necessitates the development of innovative diagnostic and prognostic methods, such as identifying specific biomarkers indicative of cancer. Biomarkers, which can be genes, proteins, metabolites, or lipids, are vital for various clinical purposes including early detection and prognosis...
March 20, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535300/comparative-metabolomics-of-ligulate-and-tubular-flowers-of-two-cultivars-of-calendula-officinalis-l
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vladimir Ossipov, Firdaus Khazieva, Dmitry Baleev, Juha-Pekka Salminen, Nikolay Sidelnikov
Calendula officinalis L. is a well-known plant widely used in traditional medicine due to the presence of various biologically active compounds. The main raw material for the production of medicinal preparations is the inflorescence, which consists of ligulate and tubular flowers. However, the characteristics of the metabolome of these flowers are not fully understood. This study identified and compared the levels of major metabolites in the ligulate and tubular flowers of two C. officinalis cultivars, 'Golden Sea' (GS) and 'Paradise Garden' (PG)...
February 26, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535291/in-situ-metabolic-profiling-of-different-kinds-of-rheum-palmatum-l-by-laser-desorption-dielectric-barrier-discharge-ionization-mass-spectrometry-imaging
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xue Xiao, Xiaokang Guan, Zhouyi Xu, Qiao Lu
With its high resolving power and sensitivity, mass spectrometry is considered the most informative technique for metabolite qualitation and quantification in the plant sciences. However, the spatial location information, which is crucial for the exploration of plant physiological mechanisms, is lost. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is able to visualize the spatial distribution of a large number of metabolites from the complex sample surface in a single experiment. In this paper, a flexible and low-cost laser desorption-dielectric barrier discharge ionization-MSI (LD-DBDI-MSI) platform was constructed by combining an LD system with an in-line DBDI source, a high-precision sample translation stage, and an ambient mass spectrometer...
February 21, 2024: Metabolites
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535289/an-untargeted-metabolomics-strategy-to-identify-substrates-of-known-and-orphan-e-coli-transporters
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad S Radi, Lachlan J Munro, Daniela Rago, Douglas B Kell
Transport systems play a pivotal role in bacterial physiology and represent potential targets for medical and biotechnological applications. However, even in well-studied organisms like Escherichia coli , a notable proportion of transporters, exceeding as many as 30%, remain classified as orphans due to their lack of known substrates. This study leveraged high-resolution LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics to identify candidate substrates for these orphan transporters. Human serum, including a diverse array of biologically relevant molecules, served as an unbiased source for substrate exposure...
March 20, 2024: Membranes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535227/new-vision-of-cell-walls-in-aspergillus-fumigatus-from-solid-state-nmr-spectroscopy
#25
REVIEW
Isha Gautam, Kalpana Singh, Malitha C Dickwella Widanage, Jayasubba Reddy Yarava, Tuo Wang
The fungal cell wall plays a critical role in regulating cellular integrity and communication, and serves as a frontline defense against stress. It is also a prime target for the development of antifungal agents. The cell wall is comprised of diverse polysaccharides and proteins and poses a challenging target for high-resolution structural characterization. Recently, the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) analysis of intact Aspergillus fumigatus cells has provided atomic-level insights into the structural polymorphism and functional assembly principles of carbohydrate components within the cell wall...
March 16, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535208/isolation-of-a-novel-pythium-species-p-thermoculicivorax-and-trichoderma-sp-from-natural-enzootic-mosquito-larval-infections
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ross Joseph, Constance Darrisaw, Aaron Lloyd, David Hoel, Nemat O Keyhani
Only a handful of microbial mosquito larval pathogens have been described to date. Sampling several natural enzootic infections of mosquito larvae in southwestern Florida indicated the presence of microbial pathogens capable of extensive larval mortality. A microscopic analysis of one sample site revealed extensive apparent growth of a Pythium -like microbe on mosquito larvae, with the highest degree of infection observed in the siphon and head regions. Structures consistent with sporangia were seen on infected insects after lactophenol blue staining, and higher-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed sporangia and encysted zoospores targeting the head and siphon regions...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535155/immunogenetic-background-of-chronic-lymphoproliferative-disorders-in-romanian-patients-case-control-study
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Tizu, Bogdan Calenic, Ion Maruntelu, Andreea Mirela Caragea, Adriana Talangescu, Larisa Ursu, Corina Rotarescu, Mariana Surugiu, Alexandra Elena Constantinescu, Ileana Constantinescu
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The implications of the genetic component in the initiation and development of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders have been the subject of intense research efforts. Some of the most important genes involved in the occurrence and evolution of these pathologies are the HLA genes. The aim of this study is to analyze, for the first time, possible associations between chronic lymphoproliferative diseases and certain HLA alleles in the Romanian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 38 patients with chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, diagnosed between 2021 and 2022 at Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania, and 50 healthy controls...
February 23, 2024: Medical Sciences: Open Access Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535144/elevating-chest-x-ray-image-super-resolution-with-residual-network-enhancement
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anudari Khishigdelger, Ahmed Salem, Hyun-Soo Kang
Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosing various pulmonary diseases, which account for a significant portion of the global mortality rate, as recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). Medical practitioners routinely depend on CXR images to identify anomalies and make critical clinical decisions. Dramatic improvements in super-resolution (SR) have been achieved by applying deep learning techniques. However, some SR methods are very difficult to utilize due to their low-resolution inputs and features containing abundant low-frequency information, similar to the case of X-ray image super-resolution...
March 4, 2024: Journal of Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535140/development-of-a-micro-ct-scanner-with-dual-energy-option-and-endovascular-contrast-agent-administration-protocol-for-fetal-and-neonatal-virtual-autopsy
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert Zboray, Wolf Schweitzer, Lars Ebert, Martin Wolf, Sabino Guglielmini, Stefan Haemmerle, Stephan Weiss, Bruno Koller
The rate of parental consent for fetal and perinatal autopsy is decreasing, whereas parents are more likely to agree to virtual autopsy by non-invasive imaging methods. Fetal and perinatal virtual autopsy needs high-resolution and good soft-tissue contrast for investigation of the cause of death and underlying trauma or pathology in fetuses and stillborn infants. This is offered by micro-computed tomography (CT), as opposed to the limited resolution provided by clinical CT scanners, and this is one of the most promising tools for non-invasive perinatal postmortem imaging...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535134/development-of-a-powder-analysis-procedure-based-on-imaging-techniques-for-examining-aggregation-and-segregation-phenomena
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giuseppe Bonifazi, Paolo Barontini, Riccardo Gasbarrone, Davide Gattabria, Silvia Serranti
In this manuscript, a method that utilizes classical image techniques to assess particle aggregation and segregation, with the primary goal of validating particle size distribution determined by conventional methods, is presented. This approach can represent a supplementary tool in quality control systems for powder production processes in industries such as manufacturing and pharmaceuticals. The methodology involves the acquisition of high-resolution images, followed by their fractal and textural analysis...
February 21, 2024: Journal of Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535073/evaluation-of-whole-brain-intravoxel-incoherent-motion-ivim-imaging
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kamil Lipiński, Piotr Bogorodzki
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) imaging provides non-invasive perfusion measurements, eliminating the need for contrast agents. This work explores the feasibility of IVIM imaging in whole brain perfusion studies, where an isotropic 1 mm voxel is widely accepted as a standard. This study follows the validity of a time-limited, precise, segmentation-ready whole-brain IVIM protocol suitable for clinical reality. To assess the influence of SNR on the estimation of S0 , f , D* , and D IVIM parameters, a series of measurements and simulations were performed in MATLAB for the following three estimation techniques: segmented grid search, segmented curve fitting, and one-step curve fitting, utilizing known "ground truth" and noised data...
March 20, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535064/the-role-of-cardiovascular-magnetic-resonance-imaging-in-the-assessment-of-mitral-regurgitation
#32
REVIEW
Ioannis Botis, Maria-Anna Bazmpani, Stylianos Daios, Antonios Ziakas, Vasileios Kamperidis, Theodoros D Karamitsos
Mitral regurgitation (MR), a primary cause of valvular disease in adults, affects millions and is growing due to an ageing population. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as an essential tool, offering insights into valvular and myocardial pathology when compared to the primary imaging modality, echocardiography. This review highlights CMR's superiority in high-resolution volumetric assessment and tissue characterization, including also advanced techniques like late gadolinium enhancement imaging, parametric mapping, feature tracking and 4D flow analysis...
March 19, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534534/monte-carlo-based-optical-simulation-of-optical-distribution-in-deep-brain-tissues-using-sixteen-optical-sources
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xi Yang, Chengpeng Chai, Hongzhi Zuo, Yun-Hsuan Chen, Junhui Shi, Cheng Ma, Mohamad Sawan
Optical-based imaging has improved from early single-location research to further sophisticated imaging in 2D topography and 3D tomography. These techniques have the benefit of high specificity and non-radiative safety for brain detection and therapy. However, their performance is limited by complex tissue structures. To overcome the difficulty in successful brain imaging applications, we conducted a simulation using 16 optical source types within a brain model that is based on the Monte Carlo method. In addition, we propose an evaluation method of the optical propagating depth and resolution, specifically one based on the optical distribution for brain applications...
March 7, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534513/computational-rhinology-unraveling-discrepancies-between-in-silico-and-in-vivo-nasal-airflow-assessments-for-enhanced-clinical-decision-support
#34
REVIEW
Sverre Gullikstad Johnsen
Computational rhinology is a specialized branch of biomechanics leveraging engineering techniques for mathematical modelling and simulation to complement the medical field of rhinology. Computational rhinology has already contributed significantly to advancing our understanding of the nasal function, including airflow patterns, mucosal cooling, particle deposition, and drug delivery, and is foreseen as a crucial element in, e.g., the development of virtual surgery as a clinical, patient-specific decision support tool...
February 28, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534511/emerging-trends-in-magnetic-resonance-fingerprinting-for-quantitative-biomedical-imaging-applications-a-review
#35
REVIEW
Anmol Monga, Dilbag Singh, Hector L de Moura, Xiaoxia Zhang, Marcelo V W Zibetti, Ravinder R Regatte
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands as a vital medical imaging technique, renowned for its ability to offer high-resolution images of the human body with remarkable soft-tissue contrast. This enables healthcare professionals to gain valuable insights into various aspects of the human body, including morphology, structural integrity, and physiological processes. Quantitative imaging provides compositional measurements of the human body, but, currently, either it takes a long scan time or is limited to low spatial resolutions...
February 28, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534404/alphafold2-reveals-structural-patterns-of-seasonal-haplotype-diversification-in-sars-cov-2-spike-protein-variants
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Asif Ali, Gustavo Caetano-Anollés
The slow experimental acquisition of high-quality atomic structures of the rapidly changing proteins of the COVID-19 virus challenges vaccine and therapeutic drug development efforts. Fortunately, deep learning tools such as AlphaFold2 can quickly generate reliable models of atomic structure at experimental resolution. Current modeling studies have focused solely on definitions of mutant constellations of Variants of Concern (VOCs), leaving out the impact of haplotypes on protein structure. Here, we conduct a thorough comparative structural analysis of S-proteins belonging to major VOCs and corresponding latitude-delimited haplotypes that affect viral seasonal behavior...
February 21, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534351/optical-genome-mapping-reveals-genomic-alterations-upon-gene-editing-in-hipscs-implications-for-neural-tissue-differentiation-and-brain-organoid-research
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucia Gallego Villarejo, Wanda M Gerding, Lisa Bachmann, Luzie H I Hardt, Stefan Bormann, Huu Phuc Nguyen, Thorsten Müller
Genome editing, notably CRISPR (cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9), has revolutionized genetic engineering allowing for precise targeted modifications. This technique's combination with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a particularly valuable tool in cerebral organoid (CO) research. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9-generated fluorescently labeled hiPSCs exhibited no significant morphological or growth rate differences compared with unedited controls...
March 14, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534232/advancements-in-brain-research-the-in-vivo-in-vitro-electrochemical-detection-of-neurochemicals
#38
REVIEW
Xiaoxuan Xu, Yimei Zuo, Shu Chen, Amir Hatami, Hui Gu
Neurochemicals, crucial for nervous system function, influence vital bodily processes and their fluctuations are linked to neurodegenerative diseases and mental health conditions. Monitoring these compounds is pivotal, yet the intricate nature of the central nervous system poses challenges. Researchers have devised methods, notably electrochemical sensing with micro-nanoscale electrodes, offering high-resolution monitoring despite low concentrations and rapid changes. Implantable sensors enable precise detection in brain tissues with minimal damage, while microdialysis-coupled platforms allow in vivo sampling and subsequent in vitro analysis, addressing the selectivity issues seen in other methods...
February 26, 2024: Biosensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534226/switching-separation-migration-order-by-switching-electrokinetic-regime-in-electrokinetic-microsystems
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alaleh Vaghef-Koodehi, Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
Analyte migration order is a major aspect in all migration-based analytical separations methods. Presented here is the manipulation of the migration order of microparticles in an insulator-based electrokinetic separation. Three distinct particle mixtures were studied: a binary mixture of particles with similar electrical charge and different sizes, and two tertiary mixtures of particles of distinct sizes. Each one of the particle mixtures was separated twice, the first separation was performed under low voltage (linear electrokinetic regime) and the second separation was performed under high voltage (nonlinear electrokinetic regime)...
February 22, 2024: Biosensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534092/mitochondrial-respiration-in-peripheral-arterial-disease-depends-on-stage-severity
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fiona Speichinger, Alexandra Gratl, Ben Raude, Larissa Schawe, Jan Carstens, Nina A Hering, Andreas Greiner, Dominik Pesta, Jan Paul Frese
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and its severity is graded based on clinical manifestation. To investigate the influence of the different stages on myopathy of ischemic muscle we analysed severity-dependent effects of mitochondrial respiration in PAD. Eighteen patients with severe PAD, defined as chronic limb-threatening ischemia, 47 patients with intermittent claudication (IC) and 22 non-ischemic controls were analysed. High-resolution respirometry (HRR) was performed on muscle biopsies of gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis muscle of patients in different PAD stages to investigate different respiratory states...
April 2024: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
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