"retinopathy of prematurity"

Antenatal steroid treatment to enhance fetal lung maturity and surfactant treatment to prevent or treat respiratory distress syndrome have been major advances in perinatal medicine in the past 40 years contributing to improved outcomes for preterm infants. Use of postnatal steroids to prevent or treat chronic lung disease in preterm infants has been less successful and associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although early (in the first week of life) postnatal steroid treatment facilitates earlier extubation and reduces the risk of chronic lung disease, it is associated with adverse effects, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, growth failure, and cerebral palsy, and cannot be recommended...

PURPOSE: To describe and demonstrate methods for analyzing correlated binary eye data. METHODS: We describe non-model based (McNemar's test, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test) and model-based methods (generalized linear mixed effects model, marginal model) for analyses involving both eyes. These methods were applied to: (1) CAPT (Complications of Age-related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial) where one eye was treated and the other observed (paired design); (2) ETROP (Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity) where bilaterally affected infants had one eye treated conventionally and the other treated early and unilaterally affected infants had treatment assigned randomly; and (3) AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study) where treatment was systemic and outcome was eye-specific (both eyes in the same treatment group)...

PURPOSE: To report a case of iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation in a patient with an extremely steep cornea, shallow anterior chamber, and small corneal diameter caused by retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and scleral encircling. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: Iris-fixated pIOLs were implanted in a 19-year-old patient with refraction of -18.5 -0.75 × 180 in the right eye and -15.5 -1.25 × 180 in the left eye. The keratometric values were 53...

Neovascular eye diseases, including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, threaten the visual health of children and adults. Current treatment options, including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and laser retinal photocoagulation, have limitations and are associated with adverse effects; therefore, the identification of additional therapies is highly desirable. Both clinical and experimental studies show that dietary ω-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) reduce retinal and choroidal angiogenesis...

Chronic stress has been associated with the progression of cancer and antagonists for β-adrenoceptors (βAR) are regarded as therapeutic option. As they are also used to treat hemangiomas as well as retinopathy of prematurity, a role of endothelial β2AR in angiogenesis can be envisioned. We therefore investigated the role of β2AR-induced cAMP formation by analyzing the role of the cAMP effector molecules exchange factor directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1) and protein kinase A (PKA) in endothelial cells (EC)...

BACKGROUND: WINROP (weight, insulin-like growth factor 1, neonatal, retinopathy of prematurity) is a web-based retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) risk algorithm that uses postnatal weight gain as a surrogate of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to predict the risk of severe ROP in premature infants. The purpose of this study was to validate the web-based algorithm WINROP in detecting severe (type 1 or type 2) ROP in a North American cohort of infants. METHODS: The records of consecutive infants who underwent ROP examinations between 2008 and 2011 were reviewed retrospectively...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the importance of breastfeeding in preterm infants with various gestational ages. METHODS: A total of 639 preterm infants with a gestational age of 28(+3)-36(+6) weeks were enrolled, and according to the feeding pattern, they were divided into exclusive breastfeeding group (n=237) and formula milk feeding group (fed with liquid milk for preterm infants; n=402). These two feeding patterns were compared in terms of their effects on weight gain, laboratory markers including albumin (Alb) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), incidence rate of feeding intolerance, and incidence rates of complications including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)...

Importance: Administration-to-birth intervals of antenatal corticosteroids (ANS) vary. The significance of this variation is unclear. Specifically, to our knowledge, the shortest effective administration-to-birth interval is unknown. Objective: To explore the associations between ANS administration-to-birth interval and survival and morbidity among very preterm infants. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) study, a population-based prospective cohort study, gathered data from 19 regions in 11 European countries in 2011 and 2012 on 4594 singleton infants with gestational ages between 24 and 31 weeks, without severe anomalies and unexposed to repeated courses of ANS...

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of blood vessels in the retina developed in premature infants and the leading cause of the blindness in children. Proteomic analysis was performed to identify vitreous proteins specific to patients with ROP. Vitreous humor samples were obtained from three patients with ROP and two patients with congenital cataract, the latter included as a control group. The vitreous samples were separated by 2D-PAGE and the proteins running as definitive spots were identified by MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry...

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder of the preterm newborn characterized by neurovascular disruption in the immature retina that may cause visual impairment and blindness. OBJECTIVE: To develop a clinical screening tool for early postnatal prediction of ROP in preterm newborns based on risk information available within the first 48 h of postnatal life. METHODS: Using data submitted to the Vermont Oxford Network (VON) between 1995 and 2015, we created logistic regression models based on infants born <28 completed weeks gestational age...

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of multiple gestations is increasing worldwide and many studies have shown higher perinatal morbidity and mortality rates in monochorionic twins compared to dichorionic. The aim of this study was to assess the twin population born at a tertiary center and to evaluate the impact of chorionicity on perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of all twins born in a tertiary center from January 2004 to December 2013...

AIM: This study compared the impact of using either single donor breast milk or formula to start enteral feeding in preterm infants, on the time to full enteral feeding, growth and morbidity. The milk was provided by other preterm mothers. METHODS: This was an observational prospective study, carried out from June 2012 - March 2013 at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria, on the effects of preterm single donor milk on 133 very low birth weight infants with a birth weight <1,500g and a gestational age <32 weeks until they were on full enteral feeding...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess cone-mediated central retinal function in children with a history of preterm birth, including subjects with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) records activity of the postreceptor retinal circuitry. Methods: mfERG responses were recorded to an array of 103 hexagonal elements that subtended 43° around a central fixation target. The amplitude and latency of the first negative (N1) and first positive (P1) response were evaluated in six concentric rings centered on the fovea...

Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors for the recurrence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Zone II Stage 3+ after ranibizumab treatment. Methods. This was a retrospective, nonrandomized, noncontrolled study that excluded Zone I and aggressive posterior ROP (APROP) cases. Infants who developed Zone II Stage 3 ROP with plus disease and underwent initial intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) were recruited. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the outcome after initial ranibizumab treatment: recurrence of ROP or favorable outcome...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the effect of sex on survival and short-term outcomes of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) born in Japan. METHODS: This study included VLBWIs who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units between 2003 and 2012 participating in the Neonatal Research Network of Japan. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality or any major morbidity, including neurologic injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), or retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment...

PURPOSE: Fibrovascular contraction and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) are recognized complications associated with the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in vasoproliferative vitreoretinopathies. The authors characterize TRDs that developed after intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab therapy for vascularly active retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS: This is an international, multicenter, interventional, retrospective, case series. Thirty-five eyes from 23 infants were included...

PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics and frequency of ophthalmologic findings in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). METHODS: The medical records of patients diagnosed with LGS at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 2004 to August 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The records of 34 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 2.66 ± 3.51 years; male, 58.8%) were reviewed. The primary measure was the incidence of ophthalmologic manifestations...

OBJECTIVE: Identify the proportion of infants born at <26 completed weeks' gestation who require emergency laparotomy, and review the surgical pathology, incidence of subsequent surgical procedures and outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort review. SETTING: Tertiary neonatal surgical unit. PATIENTS: All infants born at <26 weeks' gestation in a neonatal network over an 8-year period. RESULTS: Of 381 infants, laparotomy was indicated in 61 (16%) and performed in 57...

Purpose. To present cases with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), who were treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) and had unpredictable asymmetric outcomes. Methods. A retrospective review was performed in infants with type 1 ROP and had bilateral IVR (0.25 mg/0.025 mL) as initial treatment. Patients were classified into the asymmetric outcome group and the symmetric outcome group. Results. Eighty-four patients (168 eyes) were included. There were 18 eyes of 9 patients (10.7%) in the asymmetric outcome group and 150 eyes of 75 patients (89...

An estimated 14 million of the world's children are blind. A blind child is more likely to live in socioeconomic deprivation, to be more frequently hospitalised during childhood and to die in childhood than a child not living with blindness. This update of a previous review on childhood visual impairment focuses on emerging therapies for children with severe visual disability (severe visual impairment and blindness or SVI/BL).For children in higher income countries, cerebral visual impairment and optic nerve anomalies remain the most common causes of SVI/BL, while retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and cataract are now the most common avoidable causes...