"hyperglycemia"

BACKGROUND: Glucose variability (GV) has been increasingly (or more extensively) studied in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the ambulatory setting; limited data exist on GV in hospitalized patients with T1D. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective single center cohort study, we analyzed in-hospital glucose measurements to assess GV in 736 hospitalized patients in different units over a consecutive 5-year period of time. GV was assessed by mean blood glucose (BG), Average daily risk range (ADRR), high BG index, and low BG index...

Dysglycemia in critically ill patients (hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, glycemic variability and time in range) is a biomarker of disease severity and is associated with higher mortality. However, this impact appears to be weakened in patients with previous diabetes mellitus, particularly in those with poor premorbid glycemic control; this phenomenon has been called "diabetes paradox". This phenomenon determines that glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values should be considered in choosing glycemic control protocols on admission to an intensive care unit and that patients' target blood glucose ranges should be adjusted according to their HbA1c values...

We estimated proportions of different types of diabetes, comorbidities, treatment (the use of oral glucose-lowering agents and insulin), control (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension) and chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications among people with diabetes presenting to the tertiary-care academic diabetes outpatient clinics in Iran. This study is the prospective analysis of data (n = 30,202) from the registry of university-affiliated adult outpatient diabetes clinics in the country during 2015-2016...

Hyperglycemia during hospitalization is a common condition associated with poor prognosis. To date, insulin is the best strategy to treat hyperglycemia in these patients. An adequate glycemic control is associated with better clinical results. Nevertheless, glycemic goals are still controversial due to the increase of hypoglycemia and other adverse events. Diabetes mellitus is still the main cause of chronic renal failure in our country and its treatment deserves a special analysis considering that insulin pharmacokinetics is altered...

Vitamin A and its metabolites modulate insulin resistance and regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which are also known to affect insulin resistance. Here, we tested, whether vitamin A-mediated changes in insulin resistance markers are associated with SCD1 regulation or not. For this purpose, 30-week old male lean and glucose-intolerant obese rats of WNIN/GR-Ob strain were given either a stock or vitamin A-enriched diet, i.e. 2.6 mg or 129 mg vitamin A/kg diet, for 14 weeks. Compared to the stock diet, vitamin A-enriched diet feeding improved hyperglycemia and glucose-clearance rate in obese rats and no such changes were seen in lean rats receiving identical diets...

In this study, we investigated whether Sargassum yezoense extract (SYE) could inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, and alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Freeze-dried S. yezoense was extracted with 80% ethanol and concentrated for use in this study. The hypoglycemic effect was determined by evaluating the inhibitory activities of SYE against α-glucosidase and α-amylase as well as its ability to decrease postprandial blood glucose levels. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of SYE against α-glucosidase and α-amylase were 0...

The widespread use of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory has been more and more prominent. In spite of the proven pharmacological potential, its collateral effects are still being described. The fish oil is made of acids fatty polyunsaturated, as the omega 3. The aim of this paper is to check if there would be interference of this fish oil in the gut microbiota of rats when treated with dexamethasone and amoxicillin, joining with the parameter lipids and glycemic. This study was done with 42 Wistar rats, divided into 6 groups with 7 animals each: naive (CTL), amoxicillin (AMOX), dexamethasone (DEX), fish oil (OLP), associated amoxicillin and fish oil (AMOX + OLP) association dexamethasone and fish oil (DEX + OLP)...

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the therapeutic effect and fate of high doses of human umbilical cord Wharton jelly cells (hUCWJCs) after IP administration to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. METHODS: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) was induced in Kunming mice via IP injection of STZ. hUCWJCs were labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI). Diabetic animals with sustained hyperglycemia for at least 2 weeks were administered 1 × 10(7) Dil-hUCWJCs via intraperitoneal injection...

Context: There is little information regarding beta cell mass in individuals at early stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Objective: To investigate both AIRmax, as a correlate of beta cell mass, and beta cell function by IVGTT in subjects at early stages of T1D. Design/Setting/Participants: Forty subjects were enrolled: (1) low risk group: relatives of patients with T1D with 0-1 antibody (n=21) and (2) high risk group: relatives with > 2 antibodies (n=19)...

BACKGROUND: Plasma Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reflects quality of glucose control in diabetic patients. Literature reports that patients undergoing surgery with an elevated HbA1c level are associated with increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of HbA1c level on outcomes after emergency general surgery (EGS). METHODS: We performed a 3-year analysis of our prospectively maintained EGS database. Patients who had HbA1c levels measured within 3-months before surgery were included...

Pistachio is a nut with high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyphenols and carotenoids content, and the synergism between these compounds appears to affect glucose metabolism. In this systematic review we analyzed studies in which the effect of chronic consumption of pistachio on markers of glucose metabolism was evaluated in pre-diabetic and type 2 diabetics. We used the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Lilacs databases. The research terms used were pistachio, pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, blood glucose, hyperglycemia and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)...

AIM: To investigate the impact of hyperglycemia on the results of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A study group consisted of 511 patients with hyperglycemia (blood glucose level (BGL) ≥7.77 mmol/L) who underwent primary PCIs in the period from 2005 to 2015. A comparison group included 579 patients (BGL ≥7.77 mmol/L). RESULTS: Assessment of the results of hospital interventions revealed that the mortality rates in patients with hyperglycemia proved to be higher than in those with normal BGL (6...

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is a condition that occurs when blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. Prediabetic people have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Moreover Hyperglycemia has multiple effects on the hematological parameters. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between hematological indices and anthropometric measurement, with prediabetes. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 diabetics and 259 prediabetics in the 20-70 age range...

OBJECTIVE: Offspring of pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of the development of type 2 diabetes. However, the extent to which these dysmetabolic traits may be due to offspring and/or maternal adiposity is unknown. We examined body composition and associated cardiometabolic traits in 561 9- to 16-year-old offspring of mothers with GDM and 597 control offspring. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured anthropometric characteristics; puberty status; blood pressure; and fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and lipids levels; and conducted a DEXA scan in a subset of the cohort...

Beta-cell adaptation to insulin resistance is necessary to maintain glucose homeostasis in obesity. Failure of this mechanism is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Hence, factors controlling functional beta-cell compensation are potentially important targets for the treatment of T2D. Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) integrates diverse signals in the beta cell and plays a critical role in the control of insulin secretion. However, the role of beta-cell PKD1 in glucose homeostasis in vivo is essentially unknown. Using beta-cell specific, inducible PKD1 knock-out mice (βPKD1KO), we examined the role of beta-cell PKD1 under basal conditions and during high-fat feeding...

Critically ill patients typically present with hyperglycemia. Treatment with conventional insulin therapy (targeting 144-180 mg/dl) improves patient survival; however, intensive insulin therapy (IIT) targeting normal blood glucose levels (81-108 mg/dl) increases the incidence of moderate and severe hypoglycemia, and increases mortality. Septic patients are especially prone to IIT-induced hypoglycemia, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that codelivery of insulin with otherwise sublethal doses of LPS induced hypoglycemic shock in mice within 1-2 h...

Hyperglycemia (HG) induces genome-wide cytosine demethylation. Our previous work recognized miR-200b as a critical angiomiR, which must be transiently downregulated to initiate wound angiogenesis. Under HG, miR-200b downregulation is not responsive to injury. Here, we demonstrate that HG may drive vasculopathy by epigenetic modification of a miR promoter. In human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs), HG also lowered DNA methyltransferases (DNMT-1 and DNMT-3A) and compromised endothelial function as manifested by diminished endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS), lowered LDL uptake, impaired Matrigel tube formation, lower NO production, and compromised VE-cadherin expression...

Hyperglycemia and dysregulation of lipid metabolism play a crucial role in metabolic dysfunction. The aims of present study were to evaluate the ameliorative effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Chinese olive fruit extract (CO-EtOAc) on high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. CO-EtOAc, rich in gallic acid and ellagic acid, could markedly decreased the body weight and epididymal adipose mass. In addition, CO-EtOAc increased serum HDL-C levels, hepatic GSH levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities; lowered blood glucose, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), bile acid, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); and reduced TC and TG in liver...

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases spread all over the world, which results in hyperglycemia caused by the breakdown of insulin secretion or insulin action or both. Diabetes has been reported to disrupt the functions and dynamics of mitochondria, which play a fundamental role in regulating metabolic pathways and are crucial to maintain appropriate energy balance. Similar to mitochondria, the functions and the abilities of stem cells are attenuated under diabetic condition in several tissues...

Besides the crucial role of hyperinsulinemia in the development of breast cancer with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it has been shown that hyperglycemia could contribute to promote cancer progression. A remarkable association within hyperglycemia, PKCδ and Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been reported, suggesting that PKCδ may mediate high glucose-induced UPS activation in breast cancer cells. Although the independent effects of PKCδ or UPS on breast cancer and T2DM are increasingly supported by experimental evidence, the complex interactional link between PKCδ and UPS is still unclear...