phenol poisoning

The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the Punica granatum root bark extract's (PGE) antioxidant and gastroprotective activities against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats and to elucidate the putative mechanism of action using in silico analysis. The PGE phytochemical study shows high levels of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and polysaccharides. In vitro , the PGE was more effective at scavenging hydroxyl radicals than quercetin and had lower ferric reducing activity than catechin...

Humins, humic and fulvic acids represent molecules with complex structures. These compounds comprising humic substances (HS) exist naturally in soil, brown coal, peat, and water. They are formed during the decomposition and transformation of organic matter (animal and plant remains) and their formation explains several theories. Within their chemical structures, there are numerous phenolic and carboxyl groups and their derivatives that affect their different properties, such as their solubility in water or their absorption of cations or mycotoxins...

The development of a convenient and universal strategy for the synthesis of inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials with phenolic coating on the surface is of special significance for the preparation of electrocatalysts. In this work, we report an environmentally friendly, practical, and convenient method for one-step reduction and generation of organically capped nanocatalysts using natural polyphenol tannic acid (TA) as reducing agents and coating agents. TA coated metal (Pd, Ag and Au) nanoparticles are prepared by this strategy, among which TA coated Pd nanoparticles (PdTA NPs) show excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity and stability under alkaline conditions...

Products derived from olives, such as the raw fruit and oils, are widely consumed due to their taste, and purported nutritional/health benefits. Phenolic compounds, especially hydroxytyrosol (HT), have been proposed as one of the key substances involved in these effects. An olive juice extract, standardized to contain 20% HT ("OE20HT"), was produced to investigate its health benefits. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the genotoxic safety of this ingredient based on in vitro Ames assay and in vitro micronucleus assay...

Tamarix aphylla is a Saudi herb, which possesses antimicrobial properties and potentially introduces a solution to the subsequent dilemma caused by agrochemicals and antifungal misuse. The current study aimed to assess the fungicidal properties of water and ethanolic extracts of T. aphylla leaves against Macrophomina phaseolina , Curvularia spicifera , and Fusarium spp. The chemical composition of T. aphylla was evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)...

Green synthesis of nanoparticles is receiving more attention these days since it is simple to use and prepare, uses fewer harsh chemicals and chemical reactions, and is environmentally benign. A novel strategy aims to recycle poisonous plant chemicals and use them as natural stabilizing capping agents for nanoparticles. In this investigation, silver nanoparticles loaded with latex from Cynanchum acutum L. (Cy-AgNPs) were examined using a transmission electron microscope, FT-IR spectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy...

BACKGROUND: About 5 to 10 percent of the population in developed countries are affected by autoimmune diseases. One of the most important autoimmune disease with high prevalence rate is Multiple sclerosis in which there is currently no definitive cure for it, and most medications such as interferons are used only to limit the disease. The present study aims to investigate the effect of using Asparagus Officinalis fractions in an immune system mediated model of multiple sclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fractionation was performed by maceration using n -hexane, chloroform, chloroform-methanol (9: 1), n -Butanol and methanol solvents from aerial parts of Asparagus Officinalis ...

Atherosclerosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation associated with progressive thickening and hardening of the large to medium-sized arteries due to plaque formation. The study aims to evaluate the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic efficacy of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) fruit extract against the high-fat-diet associated atherosclerotic rat model. In-vitro qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of OFI fruit extract revealed the significant presence of total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents...

Globally, root rot disease of tomato plants caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a severe disease leading to the death of infected plants. The effect of some commercial antiseptics and disinfectant agents, such as chloroxylenol (10%), phenic (10%) and formulated phenol (7%) on the control of root rot pathogen and its impact on growth and chemical constituents of tomato seedlings cv. Castle Rock were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The antifungal activity was measured in vitro following the poisoned food technique at different concentrations of 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 µL/L...

Withania frutescens was used previously in traditherapy against poisoning, gastric ulceration, and dysentery treatments. Because no previous studies reporting on its therapeutic effects on male reproductive system and fertility disorders, this study aims to examine its effect on lead induced testicular damages as well as sperm count and hormonal status in rats. The present study is performed to determine their phytochemical compositions using GC-MS analysis, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in-vitro using spectrophotometry and then to estimate testosterone levels, sperm count, histopathological design, as well as spermatogenesis (TDI) and spermiogenesis (SPI) indices...

Dibenzylbutyrolactone-type lignans are phenolic compounds of medical importance. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of two such lignans, arctigenin and trachelogenin on the motility of isolated rat ileum and obtain indications on their mechanism of action. They were isolated from Arctium lappa and Cirsium arvense, respectively, which have been used traditionally to treat gastrointestinal disorders. 1-1.5 cm long segments of distal ileum were obtained from adult male Wistar rats. The intestinal segments were suspended vertically in a well-aerated organ-bath according to Magnus mounting method...

Ziziphus abyssinica root bark is widely used in folk medicine to manage liver diseases, particularly, jaundice but its effect on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity (PILT) has not yet been validated. This study explored the ameliorative effect of ethanolic root bark extract of Ziziphus abyssinica (ZAE) against PILT in rats. The flavonoid and phenolic content of ZAE was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium trichloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity of ZAE was determined in vitro by evaluating its ferrous reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAC) as well as DPPH and nitic oxide (NO) radicals scavenging activities...

Rang Chuet ( Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl.) is a Thai medicinal plant with pharmacological properties: it can be used as an antidote, for decreasing body temperature and it is addictive. This study investigated total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Rang Chuet extracts, and its acute and sub-chronic toxicities of Rang Chuet extracts. To investigate the acute toxicity of Rang Chuet, male and female Wistar rats were orally gavaged with a single dose of 2000 and 15,000 mg/kg body weight of Rang Chuet leaf extracts prepared by three different extraction solvents, namely water, ethanol, and acetone...

Salvadora oleoides is used in Pakistani traditional medicine to treat inflammatory conditions, piles, boils, and ulcers. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of S. oleoides (a mixture of aerial branches, leaves, and stem bark), we prepared crude extracts in Soxhlet apparatus by successively using different solvents and found the methanolic extract (OLM) to significantly inhibit the LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes in J774 macrophages, at 50 µg/mL concentration...

A large variety of unique and distinct flora of Australia have developed exceptional survival methods and phytochemicals and hence may provide a significant avenue for new drug discovery. This study proposes a bioassay guided fractionation protocol that maybe robust and efficient in screening plants with potential bioactive properties and isolating lead novel compounds. Hence, five native Australian plants were selected for this screening process, namely Pittosporum angustifolium (Gumbi gumbi), Terminalia ferdinandiana (Kakadu plum, seeds (KPS), and flesh (KPF)), Cupaniopsis anacardioides (Tuckeroo, seeds (TKS) and flesh (TKF)), Podocarpus elatus (Illawarra plum, seeds (IPS) and flesh (IPF)) and Pleiogynium timoriense (Burdekin plum, seeds (BPS) and flesh (BPF))...

Medicinal plants have been employed as an alternative method to treat diabetes. One is Cissus sicyoides , a plant from the Amazon region (Northern Brazil), which is morphologically similar to Wedelia paludosa , a plant easily found in Southern Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to assess the potential toxicity of C. sicyoides and W. paludosa 's leaves water extracts. Through phytochemical screening, phenolic compounds and alkaloids were observed in both species and coumarins only W. paludosa 's aqueous extract...

Eryngium foetidum is a herbaceous plant found in tropical and subtropical regions. In vivo pharmacological parameters show that leaf extracts of this plant have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities due to their bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenols. Despite the evidence for several bioactivities of E. foetidum , information on its safety and tolerability is limited. The objective of this study was to assess the effect and concentration of different extracts of E...

The genus Euphorbia includes about 2,000 species commonly widespread in both temperate and tropical zones that contain poisonous milky juice fluid or latex. Many species have been used in traditional and complementary medicine for the treatment of various health issues such as dropsy, paralysis, deafness, wounds, warts on the skin, and amaurosis. The medicinal applications of these species have been attributed to the presence of various compounds, and most studies on Euphorbia species have focused on their latex...

In this study, the effect of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) (LE) and rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) (RE) extracts, in two free forms and loaded with liposome, on the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) minced, were examined. After extraction, the extracts were evaluated for phenolic, flavonoid, and antibacterial compounds (determination of MIC and MBC). The treatments studied included control treatment, treatments containing 1 and 1.5% of free extracts, and treatments containing 1 and 1...

Fuzi is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Clinical Fuzi poisoning cases have frequently been reported. Glycyrrhizae Radix is often used to alleviate Fuzi's toxicity. However, the poisoning mechanism of Fuzi and the detoxication mechanism of Glycyrrhizae Radix are still not clear. We identified the chemical components of Fuzi at different decoction times (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h) using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 35 compounds were detected in the Fuzi decoction, including diester alkaloids, monoester alkaloids, amino acids, phenolic acids, organic acids, glycosides, and sugars among others...