"Alcohol Withdrawal"

Upon both acute and prolonged alcohol intake, the brain undergoes a metabolic shift associated with increased acetate metabolism and reduced glucose metabolism, which persists during abstinence, putatively leading to energy depletion in the brain. This study evaluates the efficacy of ketogenic treatments to rescue psychiatric and neurochemical alterations during long-term alcohol withdrawal. Female mice were intermittently exposed to alcohol vapor or air for three weeks, during which mice were introduced to either a ketogenic diet (KD), control diet supplemented with ketone ester (KE) or remained on control diet (CD)...

PURPOSE: Alcohol is implicated in epileptogenesis and seizures attack. An increasing number of studies about alcohol and epilepsy have been published. We aimed to assess research trends and hot spots in the field of alcohol and epilepsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Literature concerning alcohol and epilepsy was systemically searched through the Web of Science database. Collaborative maps were quantitatively analyzed by using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools. RESULTS: A total of 1578 papers about the field of alcohol and epilepsy were taken into analysis, which was written by 6840 authors from 2153 institutions in 85 countries, published in 676 journals, and cited 79 667 references from 10 750 journals...

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by a set of behavioral, cognitive, nutritional, and physiological phenomena derived from the uncontrolled use of alcoholic beverages. There are cases in which AUD is associated with anxiety disorder, and when untreated, it requires careful pharmacotherapy. Blue Calm® (BC) is a food supplement indicated to aid restorative sleep, which has traces of medicinal plant extracts, as well as myo-inositol, magnesium bisglycinate, taurine, and L-tryptophan as its main chemical constituents...

BACKGROUND: Craving is attributed as one of the main reasons for relapse in alcohol dependence syndrome. Neurostimulation techniques targeting craving in substance use disorders are being researched. Neuroimaging has shown dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as one of the potential targets responsible for craving, with frontal dysfunction being quintessential in alcohol use disorder. Evidence suggests that stimulation of DLPFC with low-dose current can help in reducing craving. OBJECTIVES: To study the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on craving in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Increasing evidence suggests that a ketogenic (high-fat, low-carbohydrate) diet (KD) intervention reduces alcohol withdrawal severity and alcohol craving in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) by shifting brain energetics from glucose to ketones. We hypothesized that the KD would reduce a neurobiological craving signature when individuals undergoing alcohol detoxification treatment were exposed to alcohol cues. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of functional magnetic resonance data of 33 adults with an AUD who were randomized to a KD ( n  = 19) or a standard American diet (SA; n  = 14) and underwent 3 weeks of inpatient alcohol detoxification treatment...

The management of chronic illnesses should continue during hospitalization. Some chronic conditions require immediate intervention, whereas intensification of therapy for other conditions may be delayed until after discharge. Factors such as pain, anxiety, poor sleep hygiene, and concurrent illness can result in a transient elevation of blood pressure. Acute lowering of blood pressure in hospitalized patients who do not have target-organ damage is not recommended and may lead to harm. If treatment is needed, intravenous antihypertensive agents should be avoided...

BACKGROUND: The link between epilepsy and alcohol consumption is complex, with conflicting reports. To enhance our understanding of this link, we conducted a study to determine how inherited seizure susceptibility affects voluntary alcohol consumption and influences alcohol withdrawal seizures in male and female genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-3s) compared to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS: In the first experiment, animals were given access to two bottles simultaneously, one containing water and the other 7...

BACKGROUND: Alcohol withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia (AWH) is characterized as an increased pain sensitivity observed after cessation of chronic alcohol use. Alcohol withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia can contribute to the negative affective state associated with abstinence and can increase susceptibility to relapse. We aimed to characterize pain sensitivity in mice during withdrawal from two different models of alcohol exposure: chronic drinking in the dark (DID) and the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet...

BACKGROUND: Almost all over the world, psychiatry training of undergraduate medical students has been criticized to be deficient in imparting required knowledge and improving the perception of students towards psychiatry and psychiatric treatment. Considering the large mental health need gap in the community, it is essential to improve undergraduate students' attitude toward psychiatry. AIM: Hence, this study was planned to study the impact of psychiatry clinical posting on attitude toward psychiatry of undergraduate medical students...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

β-Phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (phenibut) is an analog of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that was first synthesized in Russia in the early 1960s. It is marketed as a nootropic (smart drug) to improve cognitive performance, and to treat generalized and social anxiety, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal. The use of phenibut is legal in the USA and it is widely available online without a prescription. Increased public awareness of phenibut has led to a growing number of reports of acute intoxication and withdrawal...

Background: Quetiapine is commonly prescribed off-label to manage delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, limited studies comparing its efficacy and safety to those of other antipsychotics exist in the literature. Method: A retrospective, single-center chart review study was conducted on adults admitted to the ICU between January 2017 and August 2022, who were diagnosed with delirium and treated with a single antipsychotic and had no neurological medical conditions, active alcohol withdrawal, or prior use of antipsychotics...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The decision to initiate pharmacotherapy for alcohol withdrawal is typically based on examining self-reported use of alcohol and symptoms of withdrawal. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a biomarker that could aim in clinical decision-making in withdrawal management. METHODS: This report describes three cases highlighting the potential clinical utility of PEth in caring for individuals at risk for alcohol withdrawal. RESULTS: Two of the cases received phenobarbital when their PEth showed that the risk of withdrawal was low and one case where PEth could have shown this was needed...

BACKGROUND: Previous preclinical and human studies have shown that a high-fat ketogenic diet and ketone supplements (KS) are efficacious in reducing alcohol craving, alcohol consumption, and signs of alcohol withdrawal. However, the effects of KS on alcohol sensitivity are unknown. METHODS: In this single-blind, cross-over study, 10 healthy participants (3 females) were administered a single, oral dose of a KS (25 g of ketones from D-β-hydroxybutyric acid and R-1,3-butanediol) or placebo 30 min prior to an oral alcohol dose (0...

Introduction: Alcohol withdrawal delirium, commonly known as "delirium tremens (DT)", is the most severe clinical condition of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Symptoms of DT include changes in consciousness and cognitive and perceptual impairments that fluctuate during the day. Treatment includes general support, such as helping the patient to re-orientate, close monitoring of vital signs and adequate hydration, and symptomatic treatment for agitation, autonomic instability, and hallucinations. In symptomatic treatment of DT, benzodiazepines are most commonly preferred due to their GABA-ergic effects...

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based research indicates that subjective questionnaires should be eliminated in screening for alcohol use disorder and management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in critical care patients. However, transitioning clinicians away from these screening tools remains challenging. OBJECTIVE: To improve screening for alcohol use disorder and management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the critical care setting by implementing an evidence-based alcohol use disorder screening tool and alcohol withdrawal syndrome protocol for critical care patients...

INTRODUCTION: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterised by the loss of REM sleep muscle atonia and the enactment of dreams. Acute RBD associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome is known, but the studies are limited, particularly on its neurobiological underpinnings and management alongside the withdrawal state. This work attempts to address this using a case study and relevant literature review. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old male with alcohol dependence (for 20 years) reported new-onset terrifying nightmares and violent behaviours in his sleep precipitated by alcohol withdrawal states for the last 18 months...

Methamphetamine intoxication frequently complicates inpatient burn admissions. While single-institution studies describe adverse outcomes during resuscitation, little is known about the risks of amphetamine intoxication on inpatient complications and perioperative management. The US National Trauma Data Bank was queried for burn encounters between 2017-2021. Amphetamine intoxication was identified on admission. Primary outcomes included death, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI). Secondary outcomes included organ failure and surgical management...

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol-related seizures (ARS) are one of the most important consequences of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). However, demographic and clinical characteristics, and furthermore, the relationship of ARS with delirium tremens (DT), have not yet been evaluated in detail. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to reveal the correlates of ARS and examine the interaction of ARS with the occurrence of DT and with the severity of AWS. METHODS: In the retrospective study (Study 1) 2851 medical charts of inpatient admissions characterized by AWS and DT were listed...

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues have been commercialized for the management of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have underscored GLP-1's role as a modulator of alcohol-related behavior. However, the role of the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on alcohol-withdrawal responses have not been fully elucidated. Liraglutide binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor and activates an adenylyl cyclase and the associated classic growth factor signaling pathway, which acts growth factor-like and neuroprotective properties...