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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicola Valsecchi, Chiara Veronese, Matilde Roda, Antonio Pasquale Ciardella, Luigi Fontana
BACKGROUND: To describe a case of bilateral multifocal chorioretinitis as the only presentation of acute West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the absence of neurological involvement. CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old Italian woman was admitted to our emergency department because she noticed blurry vision in both eyes. She did not report fever, fatigue, or neurological symptoms in the last few days. Multimodal imaging showed the presence of bilateral hyperfluorescent lesions with a linear distribution, that corresponded to hypocyanescent spots on indocyanine green angiography...
April 10, 2024: BMC Ophthalmology
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dominique Comeau, Maria T Spinato, Davor Ojkic, Robert A Foster, Jeff L Caswell
Astroviruses have been found in cattle and other species with encephalitis. Our objective was to determine the frequency of neurotropic bovine astrovirus (BoAstV) in cases of encephalitis in cattle ≥ 4-mo-old. Of 56 cases of idiopathic lymphocytic encephalitis examined retrospectively (1988-2019), fixed brain from 11 cases (19%) tested positive by semi-quantitative RT-PCR for BoAstV CH13/NeuroS1. None of the control cases tested positive, including 32 with other forms of encephalitis and 40 with no neurologic disease...
March 18, 2024: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation
#3
REVIEW
Russell C Dale, Shekeeb S Mohammad
New onset movement disorders are a common clinical problem in pediatric neurology and can be infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, or functional in origin. Encephalitis is one of the more important causes of new onset movement disorders, and movement disorders are a common feature (~25%) of all encephalitis. However, all encephalitides are not the same, and movement disorders are a key diagnostic feature that can help the clinician identify the etiology of the encephalitis, and therefore appropriate treatment is required...
2024: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Florence Fournet, Frédéric Simard, Didier Fontenille
Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, nature-based solutions such as urban greening e.g. public gardens, urban forests, parks and street trees, which aim to protect, sustainably manage or restore an ecosystem, have emerged as a promising tool for improving the health and well-being of an ever-increasing urban population. While urban greening efforts have undeniable benefits for human health and the biological communities inhabiting these green zones, disease vector populations may also be affected, possibly promoting greater pathogen transmission and the emergence of infectious diseases such as dengue, West Nile fever, malaria, leishmaniosis and tick-borne diseases...
March 2024: Euro Surveillance
#5
Ivanna Joseph, Diamler Vadlamuri, Ivia E Rivera Agosto, Mehdi Ghasemi
Here we report a rare case with concurrent longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and leptomeningitis due to West Nile virus infection. A 47-year-old man initially presented with a six-day progressive, intermittent low-grade fever, headache, diplopia, malaise, myalgia, lower back pain, and difficulty walking that developed into progressive asymmetric paralysis. Initial lab work was notable for mild lactic acidosis and hyperCKemia. Brain MRI with contrast demonstrated small foci of leptomeningeal enhancement in the cerebellum, pons, medulla, and right CN VI at the cisternal segment...
February 2024: Curēus
#6
REVIEW
Moncef Khairallah, Nesrine Abroug, Derrick Smit, Soon-Phaik Chee, Wijden Nabi, Steven Yeh, Justine R Smith, Imen Ksiaa, Emmett Cunningham
PURPOSE: To provide an overview of pre-selected emerging arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) that cause ocular inflammation in humans. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature published between 1997 and 2023 was conducted in PubMed database. We describe current insights into epidemiology, systemic and ocular manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of arboviral diseases including West Nile fever, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Zika, and Yellow fever...
March 5, 2024: Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
#7
REVIEW
Roberto Scarpioni, Teresa Valsania, Sara De Amicis, Chiara Rocca, Valentina Blanco, Maria Varì, Michela Frittoli, Vittorio Albertazzi, Marco Ricardi, Luigi Melfa
The West Nile Virus (WNV), an RNA arbovirus, has been transmitted by wild birds and conveyed by ticks and mosquitoes, with wide diffusion all over the world; it is not transmitted from human to human. It can give clinical symptoms only in a minority of infected subjects such as fever, headache, muscle tiredness, visual disturbances, drowsiness, convulsions and muscle paralysis; in the most serious cases even potentially fatal encephalitis. In the literature there are few reports on WNV infection in patients with kidney diseases: here we report our experience on two patients on peritoneal dialysis infected by WNV with a revision of the literature...
February 28, 2024: Giornale Italiano di Nefrologia: Organo Ufficiale Della Società Italiana di Nefrologia
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Honggen Yuan, Jingwei Rao, Jinhua Zhang, Jing Ye, Shengbo Cao, Huanchun Chen, Yunfeng Song
Superinfection exclusion (SIE) is a phenomenon in which a preexisting infection prevents a secondary infection. SIE has been described for several flaviviruses, such as West Nile virus vs Nhumirim virus and Dengue virus vs yellow fever virus. Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus posing threats to human health. The SIE between ZIKV and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is investigated in this study. Our results demonstrate for the first time that JEV inhibits ZIKV infection in both mammalian and mosquito cells, whether co-infects or subsequently infects after ZIKV...
February 27, 2024: Journal of Virology
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vesna Milićević, Zorana Zurovac Sapundžić, Dimitrije Glišić, Branislav Kureljušić, Nikola Vasković, Milutin Đorđević, Jovan Mirčeta
The role of wildlife in maintaining infectious diseases in veterinary medicine is often neglected, although the disease eradication process in domestic animals is continuously affected by the risk of pathogens transmission from wildlife as a primary source. The main aim of this paper was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of selected infectious diseases in wild ruminants in Serbia. In total, 259 sera from wild ruminants were tested for specific antibodies to bluetongue virus, Schmallenberg virus, Bovine viral diarrhea/border disease virus, Capripox virus, West Nile fever virus, Bovine herpes virus-1, Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp...
February 13, 2024: Research in Veterinary Science
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Najeh Hcini, Véronique Lambert, Olivier Picone, Jean-Francois Carod, Gabriel Carles, Léo Pomar, Loïc Epelboin, Mathieu Nacher
Mosquito-borne arboviral diseases are a global concern and can have severe consequences on maternal, neonatal, and child health. Their impact on pregnancy tends to be neglected in developing countries. Despite hundreds of millions of infections, 90% pregnancies being exposed, scientific data on pregnant women is poor and sometimes non-existent. Recently and since the 2016 Zika virus outbreak, there has been a newfound interest in these diseases. Through various neuropathogenic, visceral, placental, and teratogenic mechanisms, these arbovirus infections can lead to fetal losses, obstetrical complications, and a wide range of congenital abnormalities, resulting in long-term neurological and sensory impairments...
February 15, 2024: Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karlos Antonio Lisboa Ribeiro-Júnior, Sâmia Andrícia Souza da Silva, João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior, João Gomes da Costa, Henrique Fonseca Goulart, Vanderson Barbosa Bernardo, Marcelo Sobral da Silva, Josean Fechine Tavares, Antonio Euzébio Goulart Santana
Mosquitoes of the Aedes genus are responsible for transmitting many vector-borne viral diseases worldwide. Hundreds of thousands of people die annually from vector-borne diseases, including West Nile fever, dengue, tick-borne diseases, yellow fever, chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, and Zika. Billions of people are at the risk of infection on all continents, which is a cause of international concern. Therefore, new vector-control methods are essential for mitigating these illnesses. The bioactive hydrocarbons isolated from Xylopia langsdorfiana St...
February 11, 2024: Natural Product Research
#12
EDITORIAL
Covadonga Alonso, Josep Quer, Isabel García-Dorival
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mallari Praveen
OBJECTIVES: West Nile virus (WNV) belongs to the Flaviviridae family and causes West Nile fever. The mechanism of transmission involves the culex mosquito species. Infected individuals are primarily asymptomatic, and few exhibit common symptoms. Moreover, 10 % of neuronal infection caused by this virus cause death. The proteins encoded by these genes had been uncharacterized, although understanding their function and structure is important for formulating antiviral drugs. METHODS: Herein, we used in silico approaches, including various bioinformatic tools and databases, to analyse the proteins from the WNV polyprotein individually...
April 2024: Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
#14
Udoka C Nwangwu, Judith U Oguzie, William E Nwachukwu, Cosmas O Onwude, Festus A Dogunro, Mawlouth Diallo, Chukwuebuka K Ezihe, Nneka O Agashi, Emelda I Eloy, Stephen O Anokwu, Clementina C Anioke, Linda C Ikechukwu, Chukwuebuka M Nwosu, Oscar N Nwaogo, Ifeoma M Ngwu, Rose N Onyeanusi, Angela I Okoronkwo, Francis U Orizu, Monica O Etiki, Esther N Onuora, Sobajo Tope Adeorike, Peter C Okeke, Okechukwu C Chukwuekezie, Josephine C Ochu, Sulaiman S Ibrahim, Adetifa Ifedayo, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Christian T Happi
BACKGROUND: Since its reemergence in 2017, yellow fever (YF) has been active in Nigeria. The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has coordinated responses to the outbreaks with the support of the World Health Organization (WHO). The National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC) handles the vector component of these responses. This study sought to identify the vectors driving YF transmission and any of the targeted arboviruses and their distribution across states. METHODS: Eggs, larvae and pupae as well as adult mosquitoes were collected in observational, analytical, and cross-sectional surveys conducted in sixteen YF outbreak states between 2017 and 2020...
January 15, 2024: bioRxiv
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefanny Viloche Morales, Gabriela Mattoso Coelho, Taíssa Ricciardi-Jorge, Gisiane Gruber Dorl, Camila Zanluca, Claudia Nunes Duarte Dos Santos
Viruses from the Flaviviridae family, such as Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are notorious global public health problems. ZIKV emergence in Polynesia and the Americas from 2013 to 2016 raised concerns as new distinguishing features set it apart from previous outbreaks, including its association with neurological complications and heightened disease severity. Virus detection is impaired as cross-reactivity to other closely related orthoflaviviruses is common among commercially available diagnostic kits...
January 30, 2024: Scientific Reports
#16
REVIEW
Natacha Poungou, Silas Lendzele Sevidzem, Aubin Armel Koumba, Christophe Roland Zinga Koumba, Phillipe Mbehang, Richard Onanga, Julien Zahouli Bi Zahouli, Gael Darren Maganga, Luc Salako Djogbénou, Steffen Borrmann, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Stefanie C Becker, Jacques François Mavoungou, Rodrigue Mintsa Nguéma
Arboviruses represent a real public health problem globally and in the Central African subregion in particular, which represents a high-risk zone for the emergence and re-emergence of arbovirus outbreaks. Furthermore, an updated review on the current arbovirus burden and associated mosquito vectors is lacking for this region. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, the current study was designed with the following objectives: (i) to systematically review data on the occurrence and distribution of arboviruses and mosquito fauna; and (ii) to identify potential spillover mosquito species in the Central African region in the last 30 years...
December 19, 2023: Microorganisms
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Petra Emmerich, Xhevat Jakupi, Kurtesh Sherifi, Shemsedin Dreshaj, Ariana Kalaveshi, Christoph Hemmer, Donjeta Pllana Hajdari, Ronald von Possel, Dániel Cadar, Alexandru Tomazatos
The prevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) is increasing across Europe, with cases emerging in previously unaffected countries. Kosovo is situated in a WNV-endemic region where the seroepidemiological data on WNV in humans remains absent. To address this issue, we have conducted a seroepidemiological investigation of 453 randomly selected sera from a hospital in Kosovo, revealing a 1.55% anti-WNV IgG seroprevalence. Comparative and phylogeographic analyses of the WNV genomes obtained by sequencing archived samples from patients with West Nile fever indicate at least two recent and distinct introductions of WNV lineage 2 into Kosovo from neighboring countries...
December 30, 2023: Viruses
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joilson Xavier, Vagner Fonseca, Talita Adelino, Felipe C M Iani, Glauco C Pereira, Myrian M Duarte, Mauricio Lima, Emerson Castro, Carla Oliveira, Hegger Fritsch, Natalia Guimarães, Ludmila O Lamounier, Fernanda Khouri Barreto, Camilo M M Braga de Oliveira, Crhistinne C Maymone Gonçalves, Danielle Malta Lima, Elaine C de Oliveira, Gislene G de Castro Lichs, Iago Gomes, Janaina Mazaro, Janete T N Rodrigues, Jayra Abrantes, Jeová K B Colares, Kleber G Luz, Luana Barbosa da Silva, Luiz Demarchi, Magaly C B Câmara, Marina C S Umaki Zardin, Rafaela Sabatini Mello Pinheiro, Rutilene Barbosa Souza, Simone K Haddad, Stephanni Figueiredo da Silva, Svetoslav N Slavov, Themis Rocha, Noelia Morel, Hector Chiparelli, Analía Burgueño, Victoria Bórmida, María N Cortinas, Rosario S Martín, Allan C Pereira, Marcelo F Dos Santos, Walter André Júnior, Jairo Mendez Rico, Leticia Franco, Alexander Rosewell, Rodrigo F do Carmo Said, Carlos F C de Albuquerque, Ethel L Noia Maciel, Marília Santini de Oliveira, Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha, Livia C Vinhal Frutuoso, Ana M B de Filippis, Marta Giovanetti, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
The emergence and continued geographic expansion of arboviruses and the growing number of infected people have highlighted the need to develop and improve multiplex methods for rapid and specific detection of pathogens. Sequencing technologies are promising tools that can help in the laboratory diagnosis of conditions that share common symptoms, such as pathologies caused by emerging arboviruses. In this study, we integrated nanopore sequencing and the advantages of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to develop a multiplex RT-PCR protocol for the detection of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and several orthoflaviviruses (such as dengue ( Orthoflavivirus dengue ), Zika ( Orthoflavivirus zikaense ), yellow fever ( Orthoflavivirus flavi ), and West Nile ( Orthoflavivirus nilense ) viruses) in a single reaction, which provides data for sequence-based differentiation of arbovirus lineages...
December 22, 2023: Viruses
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hai Dang Ngo, Jan Patrick Formanski, Vivien Grunwald, Birco Schwalbe, Michael Schreiber
Flaviviruses are a family of RNA viruses that includes many known pathogens, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). A pseudotype is an artificial virus particle created in vitro by incorporating the flavivirus envelope proteins into the structure of, for example, a retrovirus such as human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). They can be a useful tool in virology for understanding the biology of flaviviruses, evaluating immune responses, developing antiviral strategies but can also be used as vectors for gene transfer experiments...
December 28, 2023: Methods and Protocols
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guan-Hua Chen, Yu-Ching Dai, Szu-Chia Hsieh, Jih-Jin Tsai, Ava Kristy Sy, Mario Jiz, Celia Pedroso, Carlos Brites, Eduardo Martins Netto, Phyllis J Kanki, Danielle R D Saunders, Dana L Vanlandingham, Stephen Higgs, Yan-Jang S Huang, Wei-Kung Wang
In the past few decades, several emerging/re-emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses have resulted in disease outbreaks of public health concern in the tropics and subtropics. Due to cross-reactivities of antibodies recognizing the envelope protein of different flaviviruses, serosurveillance remains a challenge. Previously we reported that anti-premembrane (prM) antibody can discriminate between three flavivirus infections by Western blot analysis. In this study, we aimed to develop a serological assay that can discriminate infection or exposure with flaviviruses from four serocomplexes, including dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, and explore its application for serosurveillance in flavivirus-endemic countries...
January 1, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
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