keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525249/analysing-responsible-innovation-along-a-value-chain-a-single-cell-protein-case-study
#21
Monica Hoyos Flight, Joyce Tait, Theo Chronopoulos, Monica Betancor, Pauline Wischhusen, Emily Burton, Helen Masey O'Neill, Kim van der Heul, John Hays, Peter Rowe
The British Standards Institution's Publicly Available Specification 440 (PAS 440) provides a Responsible Innovation Framework (RIF) that companies can use to continuously monitor the societal, environmental and health benefits and risks of their innovations, as well as relevant changes to the supply chain and regulations. PAS 440 is intended to help companies achieve the benefits of innovation in a timely manner and avoid any potential harm or unintended misuse of a new product, process or service. Here, the authors have applied the PAS 440 RIF to a novel single-cell protein (SCP) animal feed ingredient taking into consideration the perspectives of the value chain partners (VCPs), companies and laboratories involved in an Innovate UK research project...
March 2024: Eng Biol
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525222/the-activity-of-monocyte-derived-macrophages-after-stimulation-with-platelet-rich-and-platelet-poor-concentrates-study-on-an-ovine-model-of-insertion-of-a-tibial-implant-coated-with-silicon-doped-diamond-like-carbon
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bartłomiej Szymczak, Andrzej Junkuszew, Krzysztof Patkowski, Tomasz Szponder, Dominika Nguyen Ngoc, Beata Drzewiecka, Aleksandra Sobczyńska-Rak, Joanna Wessely-Szponder
INTRODUCTION: Macrophages are crucial immune cells that play a role in tissue repair and can exhibit pro- or anti-inflammatory behaviour based on environmental stimulation. Their functional phenotype can be affected by platelet-derived products as determined by those products' composition. When the inflammatory response caused by implantation is excessive, it can lead to rejection of the implant. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of implant haemocompatibility is necessary to minimise undesirable consequences...
March 2024: Journal of Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522795/differential-effects-of-voluntary-exercise-and-housing-density-on-anxiety-like-behavior-in-c57bl-6-mice
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anthony S Rauhut, Bishma Tuladhar, Nicole Tamvaka, Justina Warnick
The interaction of voluntary exercise and housing density on a) anxiety-like behavior and b) the stimulant effects of methamphetamine in C57Bl/6 mice were evaluated. Upon arrival, mice were housed singly or in pairs, and permitted access to home-cage running wheels or not for 4 weeks. Testing for anxiety-like behavior occurred over the next 3 weeks, one test per week [Elevated-Plus Maze (EPM) → Hyponeophagia (HNP) task → Open-Field (OF) task]. The final, OF task involved an 8-hour session in which mice were permitted to explore the chamber (drug free) during Hours 1-3; given an injection (s...
March 22, 2024: Behavioural Processes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521914/porcine-ear-necrosis-is-associated-with-social-behaviours-in-weaned-piglets
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gwenaël Boulbria, Théo Nicolazo, Charlotte Teixeira-Costa, Caroline Clouard, Arnaud Lebret, Valérie Normand, Céline Chevance, Justine Jeusselin, Élodie Merlot
BACKGROUND: Porcine ear necrosis (PEN) is a worldwide health issue and its aetiology is still unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and the severity of PEN in a commercial farm, associated with pig behaviour and health biomarkers measures. On two consecutive batches, PEN prevalence was determined at the pen level. PEN scores, blood haptoglobin concentration and oxidative status were measured on two pigs per pen (n = 48 pens) 9, 30 and 50 days (D) after arrival to the post-weaning unit...
March 23, 2024: BMC Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521360/gastrodin-ameliorates-depressive-like-behaviors-via-modulating-gut-microbiota-in-cums-induced-mice
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanan Zhao, Shaokun Qin, Zixian Yang, Ye Lu, Zongmin Ma, Xin Ping, Guoqiang Sun, Lin Pei
PURPOSE: Depression is a psychiatric disorder and the treatment of depression is an urgent problem that need to be solved. Gastrodin (GAS) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine from an orchid and is used for neurological diseases, including depressive disorders. METHODS: To assess the effect of GAS on gut microbiota of depressive mice, we established a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced mouse model, and GAS was administered to one group of the mice. Animal behavior experiments were used to detect depressive-like behaviors, and 16S rRNA gene analysis was applied to detect the gut microbiota of each group...
March 21, 2024: Behavioural Brain Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520773/behavioural-responses-of-beef-cattle-to-different-grazing-systems-and-the-influence-of-these-responses-on-water-productivity-of-livestock-in-a-tropical-savannah
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Pereira Barsotti, R Giolo de Almeida, M C Motta Macedo, P Zawada, J Werner, U Dickhoefer
Environmental conditions and available forage on pastures greatly differ between different farming systems, which can affect the behaviour of grazing cattle. The interplay between environment-, forage-, and animal-related variables may affect the use of feed and water resources in grazing-based systems. Hence, our objectives were (i) to study the differences between grazing-based systems and seasons in environment- and pasture-related variables as well as the behaviour, feed intake, performance, and water productivity of Nellore heifers, and (ii) to understand the interrelationships between these variables...
February 28, 2024: Animal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520772/a-field-approach-to-observing-changes-in-behavioural-welfare-indicators-over-2%C3%A2-years-in-stabled-horses
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Ruet, J Lemarchand, C Briant, C Arnould, L Lansade
In stabled horses, several behaviours are considered to be important indicators of the state of welfare at the individual level: stereotypies, aggressive behaviours towards humans and the "withdrawn", alert, sternal, lateral and observation postures. Until now, these behaviours have been extensively studied in relation to different horse management practices. However, little is known about their changes or consistency over time. This study aimed to investigate differences in the expression of these behaviours assessed on 44 stabled horses during an initial 3-month period and then again on the same individuals 2 years later...
February 29, 2024: Animal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520701/pharmacokinetic-behaviour-and-pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic-integration-of-doxycycline-in-rainbow-trout-oncorhynchus-mykiss-after-intravascular-intramuscular-and-oral-administrations
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feray Altan, Orhan Corum, Duygu Durna Corum, Kamil Uney, Ertugrul Terzi, Soner Bilen, Adem Yavuz Sonmez, Muammer Elmas
OBJECTIVE: Doxycycline (DO) has been used in fish for a long time, but there are some factors that have not yet been clarified regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the PK and PK/PD targets of DO after 20 mg/kg intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral (OR) gavage administration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). METHODS: Plasma samples were collected at specific time points and subsequently analysed by HPLC-ultraviolet...
May 2024: Veterinary Medicine and Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520168/facts-to-snacks-evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-bite-sized-animations-in-teaching-palliative-care-to-medical-students
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kai Lin Megan Chua, Jin Qi Valerie Chan, Laurence Lean Chin Tan, James Alvin Low
BACKGROUND: Current palliative care training in medical school is inadequate in preparing doctors to provide quality palliative care. Little attention is paid to determining effective methods of training. OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of bite-sized animations in improving the confidence, knowledge and attitudes of medical students towards palliative care. METHODS: A mixed methods cohort study was adopted for the study. 50 medical students without prior palliative training completed questionnaires before and after watching a 12-part animated palliative care video series called PowerFacts...
March 23, 2024: American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519893/putting-the-cart-before-the-horse-mixed-methods-participatory-investigation-of-working-equid-harnessing-practices-in-three-selected-towns-of-the-oromia-national-regional-state-in-ethiopia
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mathilde S Merridale-Punter, Belay Elias, Abel L Wodajo, Charles M El-Hage, Hanna Zewdu, Reta Tesfaye, Gizachew Hailegebreal, Teshale Sori, Anke K Wiethoelter, Peta L Hitchens
BACKGROUND: Millions of working equids provide socio-economic support for many low-income communities worldwide. With the prevalence of harness-related wounds reported as higher than 60%, this study aims to describe the equipment used by working equids in three locations of the Ethiopian national regional state of Oromia (Fiche, Bishoftu and Shashamene), and the attitudes and practices of equid owners, users and harness makers regarding work equipment. This mixed-methods study consists of cross-sectional surveying of working equids used for taxi or transport of goods or water, as well as cart-driver questionnaires and focus groups (FG) with working equid stakeholders...
March 22, 2024: BMC Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519842/behavioural-plasticity-compensates-for-adaptive-loss-of-cricket-song
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Will T Schneider, Christian Rutz, Nathan W Bailey
Behavioural flexibility might help animals cope with costs of genetic variants under selection, promoting genetic adaptation. However, it has proven challenging to experimentally link behavioural flexibility to the predicted compensation of population-level fitness. We tested this prediction using the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. In Hawaiian populations, a mutation silences males and protects against eavesdropping parasitoids. To examine how the loss of this critical acoustic communication signal impacts offspring production and mate location, we developed a high-resolution, individual-based tracking system for low-light, naturalistic conditions...
March 2024: Ecology Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519534/development-and-validation-of-the-information-motivation-behavioural-skills-model-based-human-immunodeficiency-virus-education-kit-for-adolescents-in-malaysia
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wan Nur Syamimi Wan Mohamad Darani, Aimi Nadira Mat Ruzlin, Zahir Izuan Azhar, Xin Wee Chen
The growing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) incidences and insufficient HIV knowledge among Malaysian late adolescents necessitate immediate attention to HIV prevention via education. This study aims to develop and validate an Information-Motivation-Behavioural skills (IMB) model-based education kit for adolescents, PREM-Kit, to educate on HIV prevention among Malaysian late adolescents. Utilizing the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model, we conducted the study in three phases: needs assessment, development of PREM-Kit, and validation of PREM-Kit by applying the IMB model to map the PREM-Kit's contents...
March 22, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518429/faecal-cortisol-metabolites-body-temperature-and-behaviour-of-beef-cattle-exposed-to-a-heat-load
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Idris, M Sullivan, J B Gaughan, T Keeley, C J C Phillips
Feedlot cattle are at times exposed to high environmental temperatures. Faecal cortisol metabolites were related to possible indicators of heat stress that could be measured under field conditions: respiratory dynamics (respiration rate), body surface temperature and adaptive behaviours, such as water consumption, posture (standing, lying), and activity (eating, drinking and rumination). Twelve (12) yearling Black Angus steers were divided into two treatment groups: a hot treatment (HOT; n = 6) and a thermoneutral-treatment (TN; n = 6) and individually housed in a climate-controlled facility at The University of Queensland, Australia...
February 15, 2024: Animal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516876/carry-over-effect-of-artificial-light-at-night-on-daytime-mating-activity-in-an-ecologically-important-detritivore-the-amphipod-gammarus-pulex
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuhan He, Anirban Ganguly, Susan Lindgren, Laura Quispe, Corinne Suvanto, Kangshun Zhao, Ulrika Candolin
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing environmental problem influencing the fitness of individuals through effects on their physiology and behaviour. Research on animals has primarily focused on effects on behaviour during the night, while less is known about effects transferred to daytime. Here, we investigated in the lab the impact of ALAN on the mating behaviour of an ecologically important freshwater amphipod, Gammarus pulex, during both day- and nighttime. We manipulated the presence of ALAN and the intensity of male-male competition for access to females, and found the impact of ALAN on mating activity to be stronger during daytime than during nighttime, independent of male-male competition...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516818/pulsed-shortwave-electromagnetic-field-therapy-increases-quality-of-life-in-canines-with-symptoms-of-osteoarthritics
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tanya Ella Sprunks, Kenneth J McLeod, Richard Staelin
BACKGROUND: Joint stiffness, lameness and reduced activity levels are common inflammatory responses observed in canines and have significant impact on quality of life (QOL). The symptoms are often ascribed to osteoarthritis (OA), for which the standard treatment is systemic anti-inflammatories, but pharmacologic intervention can have significant short-term and long-term side effects. OBJECTIVES: Test the efficacy of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared pulsed shortwave therapy (PSWT) device as a means to modulate vagus nerve activity and initiate a systemic anti-inflammatory response to determine its ability to improve functionality and the QOL of canines with inflammatory symptoms commonly associated with OA...
May 2024: Veterinary Medicine and Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516557/unscheduled-changes-in-pre-clinical-stroke-model-housing-contributes-to-variance-in-physiological-and-behavioural-data-outcomes-a-post-hoc-analysis
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aisling McFall, Delyth Graham, Stuart A Nicklin, Lorraine M Work
Ischaemic stroke presents a significant problem worldwide with no neuroprotective drugs available. Many of the failures in the search for neuroprotectants are attributed to failure to translate from pre-clinical models to humans, which has been combatted with rigorous pre-clinical stroke research guidelines. Here, we present post hoc analysis of a pre-clinical stroke trial, conducted using intraluminal filament transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat, whereby unscheduled changes were implemented in the animal housing facility...
2024: Brain and Neuroscience Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515784/mormyrid-fish-as-models-for-investigating-sensory-motor-integration-a-behavioural-perspective
#37
REVIEW
S Skeels, G von der Emde, T Burt de Perera
Animals possess senses which gather information from their environment. They can tune into important aspects of this information and decide on the most appropriate response, requiring coordination of their sensory and motor systems. This interaction is bidirectional. Animals can actively shape their perception with self-driven motion, altering sensory flow to maximise the environmental information they are able to extract. Mormyrid fish are excellent candidates for studying sensory-motor interactions, because they possess a unique sensory system (the active electric sense) and exhibit notable behaviours that seem to be associated with electrosensing...
April 2023: Journal of Zoology: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514179/pupillary-responses-reflect-dynamic-changes-in-multiple-cognitive-factors-during-associative-learning-in-primates
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yange Zhang 张艳歌, Tian Wang 王天, Weifeng Dai 戴伟枫, Yang Li 李洋, Yi Yang 杨祎, Yujie Wu 武宇洁, Jiancao Huang 黄见操, Tingting Zhou 周婷婷, Dajun Xing 邢大军
Associative learning involves complex interactions of multiple cognitive factors. While adult subjects can articulate these factors verbally, for model animals such as macaques, we rely on behavioural outputs. In our study, we used pupillary responses as an alternative measure to capture these underlying cognitive changes. We recorded the dynamic changes in the pupils of three male macaques when they learned the associations between visual stimuli and reward sizes under the classical Pavlovian experimental paradigm...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512407/greater-risk-taking-in-cosmetic-surgery-acceptance-and-history-an-experimental-and-computational-study
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Mark Jenkinson, Elena Panagiotopoulou, Athanasios Koukoutsakis, Aikaterini Fotopoulou
Cosmetic surgery is ever more affordable and accessible, but carries physical and psychological risks. Yet, no study to date has directly examined risk-taking behaviour under controlled conditions, beyond self-report and in relation to cosmetic surgery attitudes. We used the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and advanced computational modelling to measure decision-making behaviour and identify the latent parameters driving behaviour associated with cosmetic surgery attitudes in women with no cosmetic surgery history (N = 265) and a subsample of women with a cosmetic surgery history (N = 24)...
March 21, 2024: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511084/raising-laying-hens-housing-complexity-and-genetic-strain-affect-startle-reflex-amplitude-and-behavioural-response-to-fear-inducing-stimuli
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana K Rentsch, Alexandra Harlander, Lee Niel, Janice M Siegford, Tina M Widowski
Individual variation in fearfulness can be modified during ontogeny, and high levels of fear can affect animal welfare. We asked whether early-life environmental complexity and genetic strain affect fear behaviour in young laying hens (pullets). Four replicates of brown (B) and white (W) genetic strains (breeds) of layers were each raised in four environmental treatments (housing): conventional cages ( Conv ) and different rearing aviaries with increasing space and complexity ( Low < Mid < High ). We used a startle reflex test (weeks 4 and 14) to measure startle amplitude and autonomic response (i...
March 2024: Royal Society Open Science
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