Diabetic adult

INTRODUCTION: Transcutaneous oximetry measurement (TCOM) is a non-invasive method of determining oxygen tension at the skin level using heated electrodes. AIM: To compare TCOM values generated by different machines and to establish lower limb TCOM values in a cohort of healthy individuals younger than 40 years of age. METHOD: Sixteen healthy, non-smoking volunteers aged 18 to 39 years were recruited. TCOM was obtained at six locations on the lower leg and foot using three different Radiometer machines...

INTRODUCTION: In 2015, about 1.5 million adults in Mississippi were overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular problems. We examined trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity from 2001 through 2010 and 2011 through 2015. METHODS: We used data from the Mississippi Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to analyze trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and extreme obesity among adults from 2001 through 2010 and 2011 through 2015...

OBJECTIVE: Studies evaluating the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on vascular depression are sparse, employ heterogeneous methods, and yield inconsistent results. One possibility is that APOE is a moderator of another predictor such as cerebrovascular burden. This longitudinal study examines the relationships between APOE, cerebrovascular burden, and depressive symptomatology in a large cohort sample from midlife to later life. METHODS: Data include 3,203 participants across 18 years (1993-2011) from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (baseline mean age = 53 years)...

BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome (MS) criterion proposed by Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) may have limitations, because it requires an additional 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2 h-PPG) to diagnose hyperglycemia. We aimed to revise the CDS criterion by removing the 2 h-PPG test, and determining the optimal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) cutoff for diagnosis of hyperglycemia in the Chinese population. METHODS: We obtained the study population from 2007-2008 China Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study...

High leptin concentration, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance often coexist in obese subjects; this adverse metabolic milieu may be the main culprit for increased fracture risk and impaired bone quality seen in patients with type 2 diabetes. We examined the associations of leptin, hs (high sensitivity)- CRP and insulin resistance with bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone characteristics in 55 young obese adults (median BMI 40 kg/m2) and 65 non-obese controls. Mean age of the subjects was 19.5 ± 2...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the generalizability of crowdsourced, electronic health data from self-selected individuals using a national survey as a reference. METHODS: Using the world's largest crowdsourcing platform in 2015, we collected data on characteristics known to influence cardiovascular disease risk and identified comparable data from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used age-stratified logistic regression models to identify differences among groups...

This study assessed the association of chronic conditions and multimorbidity with perceived stress among community-dwelling adults in 44 low- and middle-income countries. Data were analyzed from the World Health Survey (2002-2004) including 229,293 adults. A perceived stress score [range 0 (lowest stress) -100 (highest stress)] was computed based on two questions from the Perceived Stress Scale. Eleven chronic conditions were assessed. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations...

AIMS: To compare long-term HbA1c changes associated with different insulin pumps during routine care in a large cohort of adults with Type 1 diabetes representative of other clinic populations. METHODS: Observational, retrospective study of 508 individuals starting pump therapy between 1999 and 2014 (mean age, 40 years; 55% women; diabetes duration, 20 years; 94% Type 1 diabetes; median follow-up, 3.7 years). Mixed linear models compared covariate-adjusted HbA1c changes associated with different pump makes...

Objective The need for periodontal care may negatively impact daily life. We compared the need for periodontal care and its impact on daily life between disabled and healthy adults in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods In this cross-sectional study of 819 adults, a questionnaire was used to assess personal background factors; the impact of periodontitis on pain, avoiding foods, embarrassment, sleeplessness, work absence, and discontinuing daily activities; and risk factors (smoking, diabetes, toothbrushing, insurance, professional tooth cleaning, and dental visits)...

AIMS: To determine the comparative efficacy and safety of liraglutide and dipeptidyl peptidiase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors as antidiabetics for Japanese patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We searched for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating outcomes among Japanese adults with uncontrolled T2DM and including liraglutide or DPP-4 inhibitors up to August 2016. We extracted data on trial and patient characteristics, and the following outcomes: HbA1c, weight, patients meeting HbA1c <7%, patients experiencing hypoglycemic events, microalbuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine...

BACKGROUND: Impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) predisposes affected patients to severe hypoglycaemia. There are few data on prevalence of IAH in adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in Asia. We aim to ascertain the prevalence of IAH among insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in an outpatient clinic in a tertiary care centre in Singapore. METHODS: A total of 374 patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes attending the outpatient diabetes clinic in a tertiary referral centre in Singapore were recruited over a 4-month period...

Diabetes is a global health concern that can lead to mobility limitations necessitating a wheelchair. However, there are currently no guidelines for wheelchair adjustments tailored to the diabetic population. PURPOSE: To describe relevant manual wheelchair adjustments for adults with diabetes, and to explore how these adjustments apply to populations living in less-resourced countries. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 wheelchair experts from five different countries working with adult with diabetes...

OBJECTIVES: Some evidence suggests that serum lipoprotein[Lp](a) may be inversely linked to type-2 diabetes. We aimed to determine in nondiabetic people the relationship of serum [Lp](a) with insulin resistance and new-onset diabetes (NOD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Population-based middle-aged adults (n = 1685) were categorized by fasting glucose and stratified to gender, having excluded prevalent diabetic subjects. NOD (n = 90) occurred over a median 5 years' follow-up...

BACKGROUND: Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) has a substantial role in hypertension management and control. METHODS: Cross-sectional data for noninstitutionalized US adults 18 years and older (10,958) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), years 2011-2014, were used to examine factors related to HBPM. RESULTS: In 2011-2014, estimated 9.5% of US adults engaged in weekly HBPM, 7.2% engaged in monthly HBPM, 8...

Background: Diabetes has been linked to dementia risk; however, the cognitive trajectories in older adults with diabetes remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of prediabetes and diabetes on cognitive trajectories among cognitively intact older adults in a long-term follow-up study. Methods: Within the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging, 793 cognitively intact older adults aged ≥50 were identified at baseline and followed for up to 23 years. Based on standardized scores from 11 cognitive tests, administered at baseline and up to seven follow-ups, four cognitive domains (verbal abilities, spatial/fluid, memory, perceptual speed) were identified by principal-component analysis...

PURPOSE: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate oxidation (RER) are important indicators of health. The effects of interval training on RMR have not been thoroughly investigated, which was the purpose of the present study. METHODS: Thirty men and women (mean ± SD age and VO2max: 28.8 ± 7.6 yrs and 33.0 ± 8.3 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) completed 4 weeks of Wingate-based sprint interval training (SIT), repeated 1-minute high-intensity intervals (HIIT), or served as controls (CON)...

BACKGROUND: In Taiwan, Changhua County residents were exposed to high heavy metal pollution and exhibited high heavy metal levels in blood and urine. We examined associations between heavy metals in residential soil and renal outcomes of residents with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHOD: From January 01, 2003 to June 30, 2015, we retrospectively identified CKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at one tertiary care center...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of fundus retinal photos graded by local graders in Bangladesh with those graded by an expert at the Centre for Eye Research Australia (CERA) in the context of mass scale diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in Bangladesh. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study of 3,104 adults identified 213 (7.2%) eligible patients with diabetes of age ≥ 40 years in 2012-2013. Retinal photographs were collected using a non-mydriatic digital fundus retinal camera and a two-field imaging protocol...

AIM: It has been suggested that experiencing serious life events may promote Type 1 diabetes in children. Studies in adults are lacking, as are studies on the interaction of life events with genetic factors. We aimed to investigate life events and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and Type 2 diabetes while taking into account HLA genotype. METHODS: Analysis was based on 425 incident cases of LADA, 1417 incident cases of Type 2 diabetes and 1702 population-based controls recruited in Sweden between 2010 and 2016...

BACKGROUND: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and Lipid accumulation product (LAP) are novel visceral adiposity indexes, proposed for the evaluation of cardiometabolic risk in adult population. Considering contradictory results obtained from many studies so far, we aimed to examine the potential benefit of applicability of VAI and LAP, over simple anthropometric indices and traditional lipid parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). METHODS: A total of 180 DM2 (of them 50% females) and 119 controls who volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study were enrolled...