Bipolar medication reviews

Depression is a disorder with variable presentation. Selecting treatments and dose-finding is, therefore, challenging and time-consuming. In addition, novel antidepressants such as ketamine have sparse optimization evidence. Insights obtained from metabolomics may improve the management of patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether compounds in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolome correlate with scores on questionnaires and response to medication. We performed a retrospective pilot study to evaluate phenotypic and metabolomic variability in patients with treatment-resistant depression using multivariate data compression algorithms...

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the threshold for recurrent depressive episodes that predicted conversion from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 296 patients diagnosed with MDD for a minimum of 5 years in two university hospitals. We examined their the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition diagnoses and detailed clinical information at the initial admission and yearly assessments after discharge to establish the threshold for recurrent depressive episodes indicating a risk of diagnostic conversion from MDD to BD...

Layla is a 6.7-year-old girl diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type-delayed adaptive skills, enuresis, unspecified malnutrition, and feeding difficulties. She presented to developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP) in January 2022 due to caregiver concerns for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Layla lives in a polyamorous family with her biological mother and father, mother's partner whom Layla refers to as her uncle, and her 2 half-siblings. There is a maternal history of special education services, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and ADHD...

BACKGROUND: Rapid cycling bipolar disorder (RCBD), characterized by four or more episodes per year, is a complex subtype of bipolar disorder (BD) with poorly understood characteristics. METHOD: This multicenter, observational, longitudinal cohort study enrolled 520 BD patients across seven psychiatric institutions in China from January 2013 to January 2014. Participants were divided into RCBD and non-RCBD (NRCBD) groups based on the frequency of mood episodes in the preceding year...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) has been found to have some interesting association with vaccinations. This paper mainly focuses on exploring different associations between COVID-19 vaccination and GBS. METHODS: Electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Embase were searched using MESH terms for case reports published till 1 August 2023 from which 70 case reports were documented involving 103 individuals from 23 different countries...

Mental health problems among children and adolescents are a significant global public health concern, with a prevalence of approximately 10-20%. Psychotropic medications, including stimulants, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and mood stabilizers, have been proven effective in treating various psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. Despite the common use of these medications, they have various side effects and complications. This systematic review aimed to assess the trends and prevalence of psychotropic medication use among children and adolescents from 2013 to 2023...

There is widespread overlap across major psychiatric disorders, and this is the case at different levels of observations, from genetic variants to brain structures and function and to symptoms. However, it remains unknown to what extent these commonalities at different levels of observation map onto each other. Here, we systematically review and compare the degree of similarity between psychiatric disorders at all available levels of observation. We searched PubMed and EMBASE between January 1, 2009 and September 8, 2022...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) experience increased rates of emotional and behavioral crises that necessitate assessment and intervention. Psychiatric disorders can contribute to crises; however, screening measures developed for the general population are inadequate for those with DD. Medical conditions can exacerbate crises and merit evaluation. Screening tools using checklist formats, even when designed for DD, are too limited in depth and scope for crisis assessments...

INTRODUCTION: Mental health disorders are often chronic and disabling conditions that impact different populations, irrespective of age, cultural background, or socioeconomic status. This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of psychotropic medications in patients with psychiatric disorders. METHODS: This research was a retrospective investigation of psychotropic medication prescribing patterns and conducted at Eradah Mental Health Hospital at Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia...

Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder die on average 15-20 years earlier than the general population often due to sudden death that, in most cases, is caused by cardiovascular disease. This state-of-the-art review aims to address the complex association between SMI and cardiovascular risk, explore disparities in cardiovascular care pathways, describe how to adequately predict cardiovascular outcomes, and propose targeted interventions to improve cardiovascular health in patients with SMI...

We reviewed 33 original research studies assessing brain perfusion, using consensus guidelines from a "white paper" issued by the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Perfusion Study Group and the European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action BM1103 ("Arterial Spin Labelling Initiative in Dementia"; https://www.cost.eu/actions/BM1103/ ). The studies were published between 2011 and 2023 and included participants with subjective cognitive decline plus; neurocognitive disorders, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI); as well as schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar and major depressive disorders, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, panic disorder and alcohol use disorder...

This column focuses on the status of intravenous racemic ketamine for the treatment of patients suffering from a form of major depressive disorder that does not respond to trials of currently available biogenic amine antidepressants. To provide context, the column reviews the 3 pivotal elements of the usual Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approval process: (1) the unmet medical need (ie, the indication) for which the drug is being developed, (2) the efficacy of the drug for that condition, and (3) the safety/tolerability of the drug...

INTRODUCTION: People with psychosis spectrum disorders (PSD) face an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which may reduce their life expectancy by nearly 20%. Pinpointing the shared and specific characteristics and clinical implications of MetS in PSD is crucial for designing interventions to reduce this risk, but an up-to-date review on MetS across the psychosis spectrum is lacking. METHODS: This narrative review fills this gap by examining the clinical literature on characteristics and implications of MetS in both distinct PSD and transdiagnostically, i...

BACKGROUND: Hyperprolactinemia is a commonly underestimated adverse effect of antipsychotic medications. There are still no consensus guidelines for the optimal monitoring and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the monitoring and treatment practices of antipsychotic- induced hyperprolactinemia, in addition to the prevalence and risk factors associated with it. METHODS: A retrospective cohort observational study was conducted among patients attending the psychiatric clinics at an academic tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from May 2020 until May 2021, by reviewing each patient's medical record for up to five years...

UNLABELLED: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disorder in which left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure symptoms occur during the peripartum period. Inhibition of prolactin secretion by bromocriptine mediates beneficial effects on cardiac function in PPCM. Mental disorders are also associated with the onset of PPCM. Psychiatric medications for mental disorders would affect serotonin production and tryptophan and dopamine metabolism, and they are associated with PPCM...

Antipsychotics can cause hematologic disorders, and they can have life-threatening consequences. Risperidone, less commonly associated with hematologic adverse effects, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and irritability associated with autism. While risperidone primarily affects the central nervous system, it can have some hematologic adverse effects, although these are relatively rare. It is crucial to note that these side effects are not common, and most people taking risperidone do not experience hematologic disorders...

DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: The complexity of patients with mental healthcare needs cared for by clinical pharmacists is not well delineated...

INTRODUCTION: Non-adherence to medication significantly affects bipolar disorder outcomes. Long-Acting Injectable antipsychotics show promise by ensuring adherence and averting relapses. AREAS COVERED: This narrative review sought to evaluate the efficacy of second-generation injectable antipsychotics in bipolar disorder through searches in Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo for randomized controlled trials and mirror-image studies.Risperidone and aripiprazole Long-Acting Injectables demonstrated effectiveness in preventing mood recurrences compared to placebos in adults with bipolar disorder...

Steroid-induced neuropsychiatric sequelae are common, and pose significant risks to people usually receiving glucocorticoids in the context of physical illness. Steroid-induced mania and hypomania are the most common of the acute complications, yet despite great progress in understandings in neurophysiology there are no recent studies which review the factors which might predict who will experience this severe complication, nor are there consensus guidelines on management. We report the unusual case of a woman in her 50s admitted to a psychiatric unit with steroid-induced mania despite compliance with two mood stabilisers, several days after the administration of a Dexamethasone and Docetaxel chemotherapy regime adjunctive to lumpectomy for breast cancer...

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in dopamine and norepinephrine signaling are implicated in cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review by the ISBD Targeting Cognition Task Force therefore aimed to investigate the possible benefits on cognition and/or ADHD symptoms and safety of established and off-label ADHD therapies in BD. METHODS: We included studies of ADHD medications in BD patients, which involved cognitive and/or safety measures...