obesity pd-1

High-fat diet-induced obesity is a pandemic caused by an inactive lifestyle and increased consumption of Western diets and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, exercise can positively influence gut microbial diversity and is linked to a decreased inflammatory state. To understand the gut microbial variations associated with exercise and high-fat diet over time, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effect of covariates on gut microbial diversity and composition...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate combined training (CT) on both the gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers and senescence in the immune system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of obese middle-aged individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Thirty obese individuals (50.2 ± 9.4 years; body mass index: 31.8 ± 2.3 kg/m²) with T2D underwent 16 weeks of a CT group [CT; aerobic (50-60% of VO2max ) plus resistance (50-75% of 1RM) training; 3 times/week, 70 min/session; n = 16)] or a control group (CG, n = 14)...

BACKGROUND: Cholesterol is an essential component of the neuronal cell membrane and is crucial for neuronal function; however, the role of cholesterol levels in Parkinson's disease (PD) is debatable. This study investigated the complex relationship between total cholesterol (TC) levels, body mass index (BMI), and cognition in patients with PD. METHODS: This study included 321 drug-naïve patients with PD who underwent dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging and baseline neuropsychological tests...

Several clinical studies observed a surprising beneficial effect of obesity to increase immunotherapy responsiveness in melanoma patients, highlighting an as-yet insufficiently understood relationship between metabolism and immunogenicity. Here we demonstrate that the thiazolidinedione (TZD) rosiglitazone, a drug used to treat diabetes by sequestering fatty acids in the metabolically inert subcutaneous adipose tissue, improved sensitivity to anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) treatment in YUMMER1.7 tumor-bearing mice, a murine melanoma model that is initially sensitive to immunotherapy...

This study investigated the effects of calcitriol on polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C))-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and its association with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) signal pathways in obese mice. Normal mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity. Obese mice were divided into four groups: SS group, intratracheally instilled with saline and intravenous (IV) saline injection via tail vein; SD group, instilled with saline and IV calcitriol injection; PS group, instilled with poly(I:C) and IV saline injection; and PD group, instilled with poly(I:C) and IV calcitriol injection...

AIM: To assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of single and multiple doses of CPL207280, a new G-protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist developed to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: The phase 1 study in healthy volunteers (White, age 18-55 years, body mass index 18.5-29.9 kg/m2 ) was performed after single (24 subjects, 5-480 mg) and multiple (32 subjects, 60-480 mg) once-daily administration of CPL207280...

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical developing countries, where chronic undernutrition often co-exists. Undernutrition is reported to promote the progression of leishmaniasis, but its immune mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: To simulate chronic undernutrition of patients in epidemic areas and explore the immune mechanism of undernutrition promoting leishmaniasis, BALB/c mouse models with different nutritional imbalances were established, including undernutrition 75%, undernutrition 65% and obesity mouse models...

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the published scientific evidence to evaluate the efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in treating periodontitis in patients with concurrent systemic conditions (diabetes, CVD, erectile dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, obesity, pregnancy). We hypothesised that NSPT results in better periodontal outcomes when compared to untreated controls after follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search (PUBMED/EMBASE) was conducted from 1995 to 2023 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a minimum follow-up of 3 months...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aspirin through pregnancy (first and third trimester), to identify covariates that significantly impact aspirin pharmacokinetics (PK) and to identify the relationship between aspirin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PD). STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective study of patients at high risk for preeclampsia recommended to take 81mg aspirin daily. This study involved three visits: baseline: 1st trimester (10-16' weeks) 6-hour PK visit, done prior to initiation of aspirin; follow up-1: 2-4 weeks after aspirin initiation; Follow up-2: 3rd trimester 6-hour PK visit (28-32 weeks')...

Several studies showed an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The linking mechanisms remain unclear. MetS promotes low-grade peripheral oxidative stress and inflammation and dysregulation of the adipose renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Interestingly, brain RAS dysregulation is involved in the progression of dopaminergic degeneration and PD. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MetS fat tissue can cross the brain-blood barrier and may act as linking signals. We isolated and characterized EVs from MetS and control rats and analyzed their mRNA and protein cargo using RT-PCR and the ExoView R200 platform, respectively...

BACKGROUND: The nutritional status of incident patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been associated with survival outcomes. Bioimpedanciometry (BCM) enables to establish a nutritional diagnosis, the volume status, and correlates these findings with survival. METHODS: This study used a retrospective multicenter historical cohort. RESULTS: In this study, which included 420 incident patients on peritoneal dialysis with a 5-year follow-up, a cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of 28...

IMPORTANCE: Agents targeting programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have demonstrated efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) when combined with chemotherapy and are now the standard of care in patients with PD-L1-positive metastatic disease. In contrast to microtubule-targeting agents, the effect of combining platinum compounds with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 immunotherapy has not been extensively determined. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of atezolizumab with carboplatin in patients with metastatic TNBC...

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the postoperative mortality and morbidity outcomes following the different subtypes of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery over a 15-year period. BACKGROUND: Patients receiving chronic kidney replacement therapy (KRT) experience higher rates of general surgery compared with other surgery types. Contemporary data on the types of surgeries and their outcomes are lacking. KRT was defined as patients requiring chronic dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dilaysis) or having a functioning kidney transplant long-term...

Being an underdiagnosed and under or insufficiently treated condition, surgical pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PSP) is the condition in which pancreatic enzymes are insufficient for digestion because of gastrointestinal (GI) surgery involving the upper GI tract, biliary ducts, or the pancreas, and and leading to potential malnutrition and deterioration in quality of life. Age, obesity, history of tobacco use, family history of diabetes, surgery due to a malignant tumor, presence of steatorrhea, jaundice, weight loss, and intraoperative findings of hard pancreatic texture have been associated with a higher risk of PSP...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of central obesity on immunometabolic response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal weight and overweight/obese young men. METHODS: Eighteen individuals were classified as normal weight (NW; n = 9 - age: 25 ± 5 and BMI: 21.4 ± 1.7) and overweight/obese (OW; n = 9 - age: 29 ± 7 and BMI: 29.2 ± 2.7). The body composition was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), waist circumference, and visceral and subcutaneous fat depots by ultrasound...

INTRODUCTION: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is considered one of the greatest technological innovations in shoulder reconstruction surgery, as evidenced by the fact its growth rate of usage is greatest among all shoulder arthroplasties. However, like all arthroplasties, a post-surgical complication often arises. One of these complications, periprosthetic dislocation (PPD), requires revision and poses, therefore, a burden on both patients and healthcare providers. While PPD is understood to be a complication of RSA, it is unclear to what extent certain risk factors and co-morbidities predispose patients to post-RSA PPD...

AIMS: To perform dose-exposure-response analyses to determine the effects of finerenone doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials enrolling 13 026 randomized participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from global sites, each with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25 to 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 , a urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30 to 5000 mg/g, and serum potassium ≤ 4...

Obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation may trigger insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. Cells with regulatory phenotype have been shown to be reduced during obesity, especially CD4+ Treg cells. However, little is known about the CD8+ Treg cells. Therefore, we aim to characterize the CD8+ Treg cells in human peripheral blood and adipose tissue, specifically, to address the effect of obesity and insulin resistance in this regulatory immune cell population. A group of 42 participants with obesity (OB group) were recruited...

Esophageal cancers have a high mortality rate and limited treatment options especially in the advanced/metastatic setting. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma are two distinct types of esophageal cancer. Esophageal SCC is more common in nonindustrialized countries with risk factors including smoking, alcohol use, and achalasia. Adenocarcinoma is the predominant esophageal cancer in developed nations, and risk factors include chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity, and smoking. Chemotherapy has been the mainstay of therapy for decades until immunotherapy made its debut in the past few years...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been observed in patients after partial pancreatectomy. Previous studies have been performed on oncologic patients who underwent partial pancreatectomy and received adjuvant chemotherapy. By studying a cohort of patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) who did not receive chemotherapy, the authors investigate the isolated effect of partial pancreatectomy on the development of fatty liver. METHODS: A retrospective search for patients with pancreatic IPMNs who underwent partial pancreatectomy at an academic center from 2006 to 2014 identified 63 patients, including 42 who had pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and 21 who had distal pancreatectomy (DP)...