Air way,

Inferior air stability is a primary barrier for large-scale applications of garnet electrolytes in energy storage systems. Herein, a deeply hydrated hydrogarnet electrolyte generated by a simple ion-exchange-induced phase transition from conventional garnet, realizing a record-long air stability of more than two years when exposed to ambient air is proposed. Benefited from the elimination of air-sensitive lithium ions at 96 h/48e sites and unobstructed lithium conduction path along tetragonal sites (12a) and vacancies (12b), the hydrogarnet electrolyte exhibits intrinsic air stability and comparable ion conductivity to that of traditional garnet...

We describe the structure, fabrication, and measured performance of a 1543 nm wavelength photonic crystal surface emitting laser. An asymmetric double lattice design was used to achieve single mode lasing with side mode suppression ratios >40 dB. The photonic crystal was formed using encapsulated air holes in an n-doped InGaAsP layer with an InGaAlAs active layer then grown above it. In this way a laser with a low series resistance of 0.32 Ω capable of pulsed output powers of 171 mW at 25 °C and 40 mW at 85 °C was demonstrated...

Land2Lab is an evolving community-based intergenerational program that brings together Elders and youth on the land and in the kitchen and lab to share and celebrate Mi'kmaw foodways. Rooted in an Etuaptmumk -Two Eyed Seeing (E-TES) perspective, which acknowledges both Indigenous and Western ways of knowing, the project to date has featured seasonal food workshops, involvement in a children's summer math camp, a food safety training workshop for teens, and the development of an online toolkit. The project was guided by the Mi'kmaw principle of Netukulimk , which reinforces respect for Mother Earth and stewardship of the land, water, and air for subsequent generations...

The ventilation of buildings is crucial to ensure indoor health, especially when demanding physical activities are carried out indoors, and the pandemic has highlighted the need to develop new management methods to ensure adequate ventilation. In Spain, there are no specific ventilation regulations to prevent the spread of pathogens such as the coronavirus. Therefore, it is necessary to have a theoretical tool for calculating occupancy to maintain sports facilities in optimal safety conditions. The proposed theoretical method is based on the analysis of mathematical expressions from European standardisation documents and uses the concentration of CO2 as a bioeffluent...

OBJECTIVE:  Peri-implantitis is a common complication in implant therapy and it is one of the main contributing factors to implant failure. This can be prevented by regular maintenance with mechanical debridement. One of the recent mechanical debridement methods is air abrasion therapy using different abrasive powders. This study aimed to evaluate the two common abrasive powders of different sizes (sodium bicarbonate and erythritol) for their biofilm cleaning efficacy on dental implant surfaces...

Garnet-type Li6.5 La3 Zr1.5 Ta0.5 O12 (LLZO) is considered a promising solid electrolyte, but the surface degradation in air hinders its application for all-solid-state battery. Recent studies have mainly focused on the final products of the LLZO surface reactions due to lacking of powerful in situ characterization methods. Here, we use ambient pressure X-ray spectroscopies to in situ investigate the dynamical evolution of LLZO surface in different gas environments. The newly developed ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy clearly distinguishes the lithium containing species, including LiOH, Li2 O, Li2 CO3 and lattice oxygen...

Sampling behaviors have sensory consequences that can hinder perceptual stability. In olfaction, sniffing affects early odor encoding, mimicking a sudden change in odor concentration. We examined how the inhalation speed affects the representation of odor concentration in the main olfactory cortex. Neurons combine the odor input with a global top-down signal preceding the sniff and a mechanosensory feedback generated by the air passage through the nose during inhalation. Still, the population representation of concentration is remarkably sniff invariant...

PURPOSE: Evaluation of a new individual wearable air purifier (Respiray Wear A+) for birch pollen, house dust mite (HDM), and cat-allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) patients in a standardized allergen exposure chamber (AEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible allergic patients were exposed to birch pollen, HDM raw material, and cat allergen in an AEC for 60 minutes without (V1) and with (V3) the use of the Respiray device. Nasal, ocular, bronchial, and other symptoms were rated by the patients every 10 minutes, and their wellbeing, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), and lung function parameters were assessed every 30 minutes...

Inert atmosphere is normally necessary for fabrication of solid composite electrolytes (SCEs) as a crucial part of solid-state Li-metal batteries in order to avoid undesirable reactions induced by ambient moisture. Herein, we developed an air-processable technique to fabricate SCEs by employing LiCF3 SO3 (LiOTf) as the Li salt, which was combined with Li6.4 La3 Zr1.4 Ta0.6 O12 (LLZTO) as the fast Li-conductor and polyvinylidene difluoroethylene/polyvinyl acetate (PVDF/PVAC) as the polymer matrix. With the assistance of trace H2 O dissolved in electrolyte solution, the room-temperature Li+ conductivity of the obtained aSCE reached as high as 5...

A concept of solar energy convertible zinc-air battery (SZAB) is demonstrated through rational design of an electrode coupled with multifunction. The multifunctional electrode is fabricated using nitrogen-substituted graphdiyne (N-GDY) with large π-conjugated carbonous network, which can work as photoresponsive bifunctional electrocatalyst, enabling a sunlight-promoted process through efficient injection of photoelectrons into the conduction band of N-GDY. SZAB enables direct conversion and storage of solar energy during the charging process...

Ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) usually utilizes conventional bulk piezoelectric transducers as transceivers. However, the complicated preparation and assembly process of bulk piezoelectric ceramics limits the development of NDT probes toward miniaturization and high frequency. In this paper, a 4.4 mm × 4.4 mm aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array is designed, fabricated, characterized, and packaged for ultrasonic pulse-echo NDT of solids for the first time...

We applied a perfect prognosis approach to downscale four meteorological variables that affect photovoltaic (PV) power output using four machine learning (ML) algorithms. In addition to commonly investigated variables, such as air temperature and precipitation, we also focused on wind speed and surface solar radiation, which are not frequently examined. The downscaling performance of the four variables followed the order of: temperature > surface solar radiation > wind speed > precipitation...

PURPOSE: Air leaks are common after pulmonary surgery. Prolonged air leaks (PALs) may persist through discharge and often are managed with one-way valve devices (OWD). We sought to determine the course and complications of patients discharged with OWDs, risk factors for complications, and to evaluate the utility of clamp trials before chest tube (CT) removal. METHODS: Single-institution, retrospective review of patients discharged with a OWD after pulmonary surgery between 2008 and 2022...

The interaction of an acoustic plane wave with a pair of plates connected by periodically spaced stiffeners in water is considered. The rib-stiffened structure is called a "flex-layer" because its low frequency response is dominated by bending stiffness. The quasi-static behavior is equivalent to a homogeneous layer of compressible fluid, which we identify as air for the purposes of comparison. In this way, an air layer is acoustically the same as a pair of thin elastic plates connected by a periodic spacing of ribs...

Low-cost sensors are widely used to collect high-spatial-resolution particulate matter data that traditional reference monitoring devices cannot. In addition to the mass concentration, the number concentration and size distribution are also fundamental in determining the origin and hazard level of particulate pollution. Therefore, low-cost optical sensors have been improved to establish optical particle sizers (OPSs). In this study, a low-cost OPS, the Nova SDS029, is introduced, and it is evaluated in comparison to two reference instruments-the GRIMM 11-D and the TSI 3330...

Heat pump drying is a low-carbon method of sludge drying. The operating temperature of a heat pump is generally not more than 70℃. To improve the drying efficiency of heat pump dryers, the effects of air parameters and additives on sludge drying characteristics at low temperatures were studied. The sludge drying experiments were conducted at an air temperature 50-70℃ and an air velocity of 0.5-1.7 m/s. The experimental results showed that the increase of air temperature, velocity and the addition ratio of additives can accelerate the sludge drying process...

Iron-based Prussian white (PW) is one of the promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, owing to its high capacity and low cost. However, the practical application of PW is hindered by its poor air stability. The metal-oxide coating has been proven to be an effective way to improve the air stability of electrode materials. Whereas, the target electrode materials conventionally need to be dissolved in the aqueous solution to obtain precursor composites and subsequently calcined at a high temperature during the metal-oxide coating process, which could destroy the phase structure of PW as a result of the sodium leaching into the water and thermal decomposition at the high temperature...

Various plant-based materials effectively absorb oil contaminants at the water/air interface. These materials showcase unparalleled efficiency in purging oil contaminants, encompassing rivers, lakes, and boundless oceans, positioning them as integral components of environmental restoration endeavors. In addition, they are biodegradable, readily available, and eco-friendly, thus making them a preferable choice over traditional oil cleaning materials. This study explores the phenomenal properties of the floating Azolla fern ( Azolla pinnata ), focusing on its unique hierarchical leaf surface design at both the microscale and nanoscale levels...

BACKGROUND: Information on the relation of air pollution with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is scarce. We thus conducted a large cross-sectional study in Asia to investigate the role of air pollution in NAFLD. METHODS: We recruited 329,048 adults (mean age: 41.0 years) without other liver disease (hepatitis and cirrhosis) or excessive alcohol consumption in Taiwan and Hong Kong from 2001 to 2018. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) and ozone (O3 ) were estimated using a space-time regression model, and the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2...

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) can enter the human body in various ways and have adverse effects on human health. Human lungs and eyes are exposed to the air for a long time and are the first to be exposed to PM2.5 . The "liquid immersion exposure method" has some limitations that prevent it from fully reflecting the toxic effects of particulate matter on the human body. In this study, the collected PM2.5 samples were chemically analyzed. An air-liquid interface (ALI) model with a high correlation to the in vivo environment was established based on human lung epithelial cells (A549) and immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T)...