Root canal system

BACKGROUND: Curved root canals are associated with the highest number of procedural errors during endodontic instrumentation. Recently, numerous rotary instruments have been developed, with both manual and automated mechanisms, to facilitate endodontic treatment and manage the complications related to it. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess post-endodontic pain after using the HyFlex® EDM OneFile (HEDM), WaveOne® Gold (WOG) and XP-endo® Shaper (XPS) systems in the preparation of curved canals in patients with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis...

BACKGROUND: Adhesiveness with radicular dentin is absent with gutta-percha, leading to microleakage and hence re-infection. Root canal sealer helps to achieve an adhesive interface between gutta-percha and root dentin thereby resisting the displacement forces during the functioning of teeth which is evaluated by the push-out test. The aim of this study is to compare the push-out bond strength and to assess the relative bond failure between dentin-sealer, sealer-main cone of (1) epoxy resin, (2) silicon, (3) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), (4) calcium hydroxide, (5) bioceramic, (6) zinc oxide eugenol containing root canal sealers...

AIM: This study aimed to assess and compare debris quality expelled beyond the apex during re-treatment using two reciprocating and two re-treatment rotary files. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 healthy human mandibular premolars excised for orthodontic therapy were selected. Distilled water was used to sterilize the teeth before they were preserved. The canals were widened and coronal access was created so that the F2 ProTaper universal system could be used...

The mandibular second molar exhibits a wide range of intricate root canal variations, which can present challenges and difficulties in achieving successful root canal treatment. This report focuses on two specific cases involving a root canal variation in a typical taurodontism of the mandibular second molar. To provide a comprehensive analysis and illustration of the anatomical structure of intraoral taurodontism and the important considerations for root canal treatment, we utilized advanced imaging techniques such as cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and a dental microscope...

Root canal therapy (RCT) is a widely performed procedure in dentistry, with over 25 million individuals undergoing it annually. This procedure is carried out to address inflammation or infection within the root canal system of affected teeth. However, accurately aligning CT scan information with the patient's tooth has posed challenges, leading to errors in tool positioning and potential negative outcomes. To overcome these challenges, a mixed reality application is developed using an optical see-through head-mounted display (OST-HMD)...

BACKGROUND: Microorganisms colonizing the apical root canal system are conceivably the ones directly involved with the causation and maintenance of apical periodontitis. OBJECTIVES: This article systematically reviews the reports on the microbiome occurring exclusively at the apical root canal of teeth with primary and posttreatment apical periodontitis. METHODS: The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Proquest were searched up to August 2023...

CONTEXT: Safe and efficient removal of all root filling materials from the root canal system without compromising radicular dentin structure is essential for optimal nonsurgical retreatment. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the incidence of dentinal defects caused during root canal filling removal using conventional, rotary, and reciprocating retreatment file systems. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A detailed protocol explaining purpose and procedures of the study was submitted to the Institutional Ethics Committee and ethical clearance obtained...

BACKGROUND: Several designs of access cavity have been evolved in the recent past with the concept of minimal tooth tissue removal which would improve the root canal treated teeth fracture resistance. AIM: To investigate the effect of conservative design access cavity during the instrumentation of maxillary molar root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty noncarious maxillary molars were assigned to the traditional and conservative access groups ( n = 40 each)...

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the retreatability of NeoSEALER Flo obturated with warm vertical compaction (WVC) and single-cone (SC) techniques using two different retreatment systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two root canals were shaped and obturated with NeoSEALER Flo either in an SC obturation technique or a WVC technique. Samples were retreated using ProTaper retreatment or EdgeFile XR retreatment system. The percentage of remaining debris after retreatment was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope using ImageJ software...

CONTEXT: Cytotoxicity and adaptability are among the highly imperative tests that should be performed on a novel endodontic material to ensure its successful implementation in endodontic treatment. AIMS: Assess a recently introduced bioceramic root canal sealer CeramoSeal with TotalFill BC and AH plus sealers regarding the cytotoxicity and adaptability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five sealer discs were prepared for each sealer and their extracts were cultured in 96-well plates containing human fibroblasts for 24 h...

BACKGROUND: Mandibular canines are recognized as usually having one root and one root canal in most cases. However, many investigators have reported the anatomical variations associated with mandibular canines. Thus; the objective of this study is to determine the number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular canine in a Nepalese population. METHODS: Cone Beam Computerized Tomography images of 390 patients in a Nepalese population were selected, and a total of 780 mandibular canines were analyzed...

The utilization of intracanal medicaments is an indispensable procedure in root-canal treatment. However, the conventional intracanal medicaments still need improvement regarding antimicrobial efficacy and ease of clinical operation. To address the above issues, OCT/PECT@OCT + ALK composite hydrogel characterized by programming sequential release of dual antimicrobial agents has been proposed. Thanks to the self-assemble ability of amphiphilic copolymer poly(ε-caprolactone-co-1,4,8-trioxa [4.6]spiro-9-undecanone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-1,4,8-trioxa[4...

This study aimed to identify and characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria found in primary endodontic infections in the teeth of patients treated at the Dental Clinic of the University of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. From September to December 2019, samples were obtained from 21 patients with primary endodontic infections. The collections were carried out in triplicate using paper cones placed close to the total length of the root canal. Bacterial isolation was performed in Brain Heart Infusion agar, Blood agar, and other selective culture media cultured at 37°C for up to 48 h under aerobiosis and microaerophilic conditions...

OBJECTIVE: Using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), this study compared three rotary file systems-XP Endoshaper, Hyflex CM, and K3 XF-for centering, canal transportation, and root canal area growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rotating file system randomly separated 60 removed human mandibular molars into three groups ( n = 20). Manufacturer-recommended root canal instrumentation was done. Specialized software examined pre- and post-instrumentation CBCT scans...

BACKGROUND: An important aspect of the preparation of the access cavity and biomechanical preparation of the root canal is to safeguard as much of the tooth's framework as possible without affecting access and visibility. OBJECTIVES: To compare the impact of the conservative design of access preparation and traditional design of access preparation in association with TruNatomy endodontic instrumentation and WaveOne Gold endodontic instrumentation on resistance to fracture by the design of a cavity for endodontic access using finite element analysis...

BACKGROUND: Different obturation techniques are being used to improve canal sealing, thereby minimizing marginal leakage. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the marginal leakage of three different obturating materials and techniques using stereomicroscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty freshly extracted maxillary anterior teeth were collected and were divided into three groups of 10 each for which the biomechanical preparation was done. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups according to the obturation material and technique used, Group I: gutta-percha with AH Plus root canal sealer (lateral condensation): Group II: thermoplasticized gutta-percha technique-non-carrier-based (calamus) with AH Plus sealer (backfill): Group III: C point (self-sealing root canal obturating system) with bioceramic sealer (single cone)...

BACKGROUND: Endodontic treatment involves the removal of infected dental pulp and subsequent disinfection of the root canal system. The effectiveness of drug delivery systems in root canal disinfection is critical for successful treatment outcomes. This in vitro study explores the potential of nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system for endodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nanoparticles were synthesized using a biocompatible polymer and loaded with an antimicrobial agent...

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate the cutting efficiency of Pedoflex rotary, Kedo SH manual file, and manual K file systems used in root canal instrumentation while performing pulp therapy of deciduous teeth with a stereomicroscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five extracted primary human root canals were chosen, and following the removal of pulp tissue, the canals were dyed with Indian ink and left to dry for 2 h. The samples were randomly divided into three groups, Group A: Kedo SH manual file system ( n = 15), Group B: Pedoflex rotary file system ( n = 15), and Group C: Manual K files ( n = 15)...

OBJECTIVES: The study's objective was to contrast the two distinct rotary file techniques used to shape mandibular first molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigation involved twenty recently removed mandibular molars. A digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera was placed in a fixed position, a muffle block was built, and images of each tooth's three cross sections were obtained. The specimens were split into the following two groups at random: Rotary files from WaveOne were used to prepare group A and Mtwo rotary files were used to prepare group B...

BACKGROUND: The objective of root canal therapy is the complete cleansing and sealing of the entire root canal system, encompassing all of its elements. This current study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence of postoperative pain in the patients during single-session RCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 70 maxillary central incisor teeth from 55 patients, representing both genders, were chosen for a one-session root canal procedure. Postoperative discomfort was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at the following time intervals: 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours following the treatment...