hapatitis c

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: India has a high prevalence of HIV-1, hapatitis C and B virus (HCV and HBV) in the blood donors but has yet to implement nucleic acid testing (NAT) in blood screening. We undertook a multicentre evaluation of blood donor testing by NAT for simultaneous detection of HIV-1, HBV and HCV in a single tube and also to determine the feasibility of NAT implementation in India's low volume setting. METHODS: A total of 12,224 unlinked samples along with their serological results were obtained from representative eight blood banks in India and were individually manually tested by the Procleix Ultrio Assay (Chiron Corp...

OBJECTIVE: Firefighters and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel have the potential for occupational exposures to blood, which increases their risk for occupational blood-borne infection. To address this concern, the authors conducted a literature review of occupational blood exposures, the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among these workers, and the seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among the patients they serve. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was conducted, and all identified articles that described surveys of exposures to blood or surveillance of blood-borne infections among firefighters and/or emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in the United States were reviewed...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There have been very few community based studies on prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in India. We undertook this study to determine the prevalence of HBV infection in a southern State of India, Tamil Nadu and to describe the important factors related to transmission of the virus in the community. METHODS: Analysis of stored blood samples from a representative population of Tamil Nadu from an earlier community cluster survey on sexually transmitted diseases (STD) prevalence using proportionate to population size (PPS) technique was done...

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Many patients with type II mixed cryoglobulinemia have been shown to be infected with hapatitis C virus (HCV). Therefore, interferon-alfa has become the first choice of treatment for patients with HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia. However, the disease often relapses after the discontinuation of interferon therapy. The long-term effect of interferon therapy is controversial. Therefore, a more effective therapy needs to be developed. A 62-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital for the examination of abnormal liver function tests, severe edema, and purpura in her lower extremities...

1,3,5-Trinitro-2-acetyl pyrrole (TNAP) is a product derived from the reaction of 2-acetyl pyrrole with nitrite in the model of Maillard browning systems. This compound is moderately mutagenic to the Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100 and is markedly cytotoxic to mouse C3H10T1/2 cells. Experiments are performed to investigate the effects of TNAP on the hepatic toxicity in mouse. Male BALB/C mice were subjected to a dose of 7.2 mg/kg body weight twice a week by i.p. injection for 24 weeks, then followed by a feeding diet for 21 weeks...

Distinctive intrahepatic biliary adaptation responses occur in the liver of rats subjected to select hepatotoxic and/or carcinogenic treatments with the nongenotoxic cholangiocarcinogenic agent furan. Specifically, metaplastic small intestinal-like glands closely resembling in their cellular composition the crypts of Lieberkühn of normal rat small intestine were selectively derived from putative hyperplastic bile ductule-like progenitor structures in the right and caudate liver lobes of young adult Fischer-344 male rats given furan by gavage at a daily dose of 30-45 mg/kg body weight, 5 times weekly, over a 2-6-wk treatment period...

Angiosarcomas of the liver are rare, malignant cancers composed of neoplastic blood vessels. Human hapatic angiosarcomas have been associated with liver cirrhosis or exposure to vinyl chloride, Thorotrast or arsenic. A recent analysis of six hepatic angiosarcomas associated with vinal chloride exposure found three mutations and all were A:T --> T:A transversions, which are otherwise uncommon in human cancers. To test the specificity of this mutation spectrum, we analyzed 21 hepatic angiosarcomas not associated with vinyl chloride exposure...

1 A new in vivo experimental method is described whereby the liver can be temporarily excluded from the general circulation by means of a portocaval shunt operation. The influence of this manoeuvre upon the effects of pancuronium and Org 6368 was investigated using the tibialis muscle preparation of anaesthetized cats. 2 The procedure also allowed intraportal injections of the drugs to be made so that the effect of first-passage uptake by the liver could be compared with hapatic exclusion in the same animal...

Immunochemical methods for selective measurement of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in rat postheparin plasma are described and validated. Lipoprotein lipase was measured using a substrate containing 10% serum and 0.1 M NaCl after inactivation of hepatic lipase with a specific antiserum. Hepatic lipase was measured at 1.0 M NaCl with a serum-free substrate. The heparin dose-response curve indicated maximum relase of both activities at a heparin dose of 500 IU/kg. The lipase activities in rat postheparin plasma were 3 to 4-fold higher than those in human postheparin plasma...

Variation of incidence of HBe antigen (HBeAg) and HBe antibody (anti-HBe) was examined by use of RIA in 72 patients with HBsAg positive liver diseases. 1) Percentage of positive HBeAg was highest (71.5%) in chronic active hepatitis with lobular distortion, followed by chronic active hapatitis without lobular distortion (70.0%) and acute hepatitis in asymptomatic HBsAg carriers (66.7%). In contrast, it was low in chronic inactive hepatitis (35.7%) and liver cirrhosis (38.5%). None of liver cancers showed HBeAg positive reaction...

This study investigated whether rats force-fed for three days an elevated (1%) tryptophan diet compared to a control (0.2% tryptophan) diet had changes in hepatic protein metabolism. Earlier, we showed that a single administration of L-tryptophan to fasted rats caused a rapid increase in hepatic protein synthesis. In the present study rats force-fed a high tryptophan diet for 3 days and killed the fourth morning had increased rats of hapatic protein synthesis, cytochrome P-450 and b5 activities, in vitro nuclear RNA release (cell sap and nuclear effects) and nuclear envelope nucleoside triphosphatases activity compared to animals force-fed the control diet...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Alcohol induced perivenular fibrosis of terminal hepatic veins (THV) is claimed to be a precursor lesion leading to fibrosis development in man and baboon. The nature and significance of the THV lesions found in four baboons chronically fed with alcohol were studied in liver biopsies obtained during a three year period. The surface of THV wall and the number of mesenchymal cells were assessed with a semi-automatic image analyser. Histologically, THV were characterized as (a) phlebitic, in the presence of an inflammatory cell infiltrate involving the venous wall; (b) oedematous, when the connective tissue of the THV wall was disrupted or dissociated and (c) fibrotic, when perivenular scarring appeared as an increased rim...

To identify occupational categories and work areas of possible risk for acquisition of nosocomial hepatitis B by hospital personnel, serologic sampling for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (anti-HBS) by radioimmunoassay was carried out in 513 employees of a large metropolitan hospital serving predominantly indigent patients. HBSAg was detected in 0.7%, HBSAg and anti-HBS in 0.4%, and anti-HBS in 13.3% of the study population. No significant difference in seropositivity was noted between sexes...

Cellular immunity to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and a liver-specific lipoprotein was studied, using the leucocyte migration test, in 38 asymptomatic blood donors found to have HBsAg in the serum. Sensitization to HBsAg was found in 26% and was related to the presence of liver damage, being detected in 47% of those with elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase but in only 13% with normal enzyme levels. The frequency of sensitization to this antigen in those with chronic persistent or chronic aggressive hepatitis on biopsy was also higher than in those with unrelated or minimal changes...

A new operation for the treatment of cirrhosis and portal hypertension has recently been described involving arterialization of the portal vein in combination with an end-to-side portacaval shunt. We present, for the first time, the appearances at wedge hepatic venography. No significant change is seen in the wedge hapatic pressure as a result of this technique, and the sinusoidal pattern is preserved. Filling of the portosplanchnic collaterals is not as frequent as after end-to-side shunts alone, and the appearances seem to reflect improved sinusoidal perfusion...

Increase in splenic uptake of Tc-99m sulfur colloid was noted in 47 of 147 (32%) patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma early in the coure of disease. Patients with disseminated disease and/or clinical or laboratory evidence of hapatic dysfunction were excluded from study. Recurrence rate of 2 yr was higher for those patients with splenic scans demonstrating augmented uptake compared with patients having normal scans, 36% against 16% (p less than 0.02). These differences resulted from a much more favorable prognosis in women with normal scans contrasted with women with increased uptake, 6% against 26% (p less than 0...

Testing for e antigen and antibody (anti-e) was performed by immunodiffusion and counterelectrophoresis in patients with polyarteritis nodosa fulminant hepatitis, and chronic active hepatitis (CAH), in 59 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) who underwent liver biopsy, and in 150 carriers followed with sequential SGPT determinations. Counterelectrophoresis was more sensitive that immunodiffusion. Neither e antigen nor anti-e was found in the absence of HBsAg. Among HCsAg-positive patients with polyarteritis nodosa and CAH, e antigen was found in 16 of 18 and 13 of 22, respectively...