immunodeficiency obesity

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggested how nurses experienced worse lifestyles than the general population by recording deterioration rates in healthy conditions. AIM: To assess differences between comorbidity, eating behavior, and smartphone addiction according to sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), age, work experience, shift, alcohol assumption, and physical activity in Italian nurses. METHODS: An online questionnaire was spread through some professional internet pages...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Steatotic liver disease is common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(PWH). Identifying those with advanced fibrosis (AF, bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis), F3-4, is important. We aimed to examine the performance of FIB-4 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS) in PWH to identify those with AF assessed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM). METHODS: We prospectively collected data on adults participating in two NIH-sponsored HIV NAFLD networks...

BACKGROUND: Due to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, the global population with obesity is increasing gradually, resulting in a significant rise in the number of individuals having obesity. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and consumption, leading to excessive fat accumulation, which interferes with normal human metabolism. It is also associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, male reproductive endocrine regulation disorders, systemic and local inflammatory reactions, excessive oxidative stress, and apoptosis...

BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir (DTG) is a novel yet preferential first-and-second-line treatment for persons living with HIV (PLH). Owing to its recent introduction, DTG-based regimens have not undergone a comprehensive, systematic evaluation regarding their real-world utilization and safety profile among a sizeable Indian population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the 24-week immunovirological outcomes, anthropometric and metabolic changes, tolerability, and adverse events (AEs) of DTG-based antiretroviral (ART) regimens...

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now considered a global issue with a growing financial and health impact. Numerous herbal alternatives have been examined and researched due to the ever-increasing demand for new medications to treat metabolic syndrome disorders. People have empirically employed Moringa oleifera (MO), a native plant to several Asian nations, for a variety of diseases. We sought to examine recent research on MO in MetS and its potential mechanism of action in the current review. Four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar, were thoroughly searched, and the data were then compiled...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic capability of insulin surrogate measurements in identifying individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and propose applicable indices derived from fasting values, particularly in large study populations. METHODS: Data were collected from the datasets of the Surveillance of Risk Factors of NCDs in Iran Study (STEPS). MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria. Various insulin surrogate indices, including Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), Fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR), Reynaud, Reciprocal insulin, McAuley, Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), TG/ HDL-C, TG/ BMI, and TG/ WC ratio were assessed...

As the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) incidence patterns generally parallel that for NHL overall. Globally, DLBCL accounts for a third of all NHLs, ranging between 20% and 50% by country. Based on United States (U.S.) cancer registry data, age-standardized incidence rate for DLBCL was 7.2 per 100,000. DLBCL incidence rises with age and is generally higher in males than females; in the U.S., incidence is highest among non-Hispanic whites (9.2/100,000). Like NHL incidence, DLBCL incidence rose in the first half of the 20th century but has largely plateaued...

BACKGROUND: Management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and other modifiable factors may mitigate the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) compared with people without HIV (PWoH). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 8285 PWH and 170 517 PWoH from an integrated health system. Risk factor control was measured using a novel disease management index (DMI) accounting for amount/duration above treatment goals (0% to 100% [perfect control]), including 2 DMIs for hypertension (diastolic and systolic blood pressure), 3 for dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides), and 1 for diabetes (HbA1c)...

BACKGROUND: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a public health concern in many countries. The increased life expectancy in the post-Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) era has led to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death among Persons Living with HIV (PLHIV). Hypertension remains a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease among PLHIV. Some studies have suggested associations between hypertension among PLHIV and HIV-related health factors. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hypertension among PLHIV on antiretroviral medications and examine its association with HIV-related health factors...

BACKGROUND: There is limited data on dolutegravir (DTG)-associated weight gain from settings with a dual burden of HIV and overnutrition. METHODS: In Eswatini (at Matsanjeni), among 156 and 160 adult patients on DTG-based and EFV-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), respectively, we studied excessive weight gain (BMI at 24 months ART greater than baseline and ≥25 kg/m2 ). RESULTS: The median BMI increase in DTG-based patients was 1...

BACKGROUND: In the first reported cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, people living with HIV (PLHIV) suffered weight loss, which was an independent predictor of mortality. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has changed this scenario for ideal weight, overweight, and even obesity. However, some PLHIV, even on HAART, continue to lose weight. Thus, the guiding question of the study was: do PLHIV hospitalized using HAART with weight loss have higher mortality than hospitalized PLHIV using HAART without weight loss? METHOD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, searched in the MedLine, Embase, and LILACS databases from March 2020, until October 2023, reported by MOOSE...

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people living with HIV is significantly higher than in people without HIV. MetS is not only a major driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is also closely related to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for MetS and to further understand the degree of damage to target organs. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, China...

BACKGROUND: A prospective study was extended to the new antiretroviral and monitoring strategies in HIV-infected adults in low-income countries (NAMSAL-ANRS)-12313 trial, a 96-week open-label, multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial comparing dolutegravir (DTG) 50 mg with efavirenz 400 mg (EFV400), both administered with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine (TDF/3TC) as first-line treatment for antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)...

Obesity incidence is increasing among people with HIV. Doravirine is a recommended first-line antiretroviral drug in many countries with no data from people with obesity. This study investigates the exposure of doravirine 100 mg standard dose in obese versus normal weight patients using clinical data combined with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. Results from both approaches showed an elevated doravirine exposure during obesity, yet within the safety range of doravirine with no need for dose modification...

OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify what proportion of each cardiovascular risk factor and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was first diagnosed at the time of stroke, compared to those that were diagnosed prior to the event, and to explore if this had any impact on the severity of stroke. METHODS: Adult patients presenting with a new stroke to a quaternary hospital in Johannesburg between 2014 and 2017 were prospectively recruited. Patients were investigated for undiagnosed traditional cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, obesity and smoking), as well as HIV infection...

BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationships among adiposity, handgrip, physical function, inflammation (i.e., senescence-associated secretory phenotype [SASP] chemokines as biomarkers of aging and frailty), and sex hormones in aging people with HIV (PWH). METHODS: This cross-sectional exploratory study included 150 PWH aged ≥40 years (67.3% of participants were males). Our measures included: 1) body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference as measures of adiposity; 2) handgrip as a measure of muscle strength; 3) Short Physical Performance Battery as a measure of physical function; 4) interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor II (TNFRII), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 aka fractalkine as SASP chemokines; and 5) free testosterone, estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as sex hormones...

Onychomycosis is the most common fungal nail infection accounting for 50% of nail disorders. This infection is most common in the toenails than in the nails of the fingers. It is caused by various fungal species like Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Aspergillus spp, Fusarium spp, Acremonium spp, Alternaria spp, and Neoscytalidium. Among them, dermatophyte fungus is involved in 70% to 80% of infections. Clinically, there are five types of onychomycosis classified based on causative organism and location of infection origin...

BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) represent a global public health challenge in all population groups, but the prevalence of major NCDs, such as depression, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity and diabetes, is increasing at a rapid rate among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Studies show that integrated NCDs and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services have improved the patient outcome of PLWH with comorbidities with NCDs. It requires a strengthened and sustainable way of diagnosing major NCDs early among PLWH...

Adult patients with several Inherited Metabolic Diseases (IMD) follow diets controlled in proteins, rich in carbohydrates, and free amino acids formulae, which cause hyperinsulinism and ectopic fat. Previous studies showed IMD adult patients have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and their complications [1]. Recently, ultrasound [US) has been validated for malnutrition, assessing muscle quality subjectively [2]. Higher echo intensity (EI) is associated with poorer muscle quality and functional results in aging [3] and other clinical settings, but it has never been evaluated in IMD...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has long been implicated in fat alterations and weight variations leading to cardiometabolic consequences. Recent largely prescribed antiretrovirals (ARVs) from the integrase-strand-transfer-inhibitor (INSTI) class have been associated with excessive weight gain/obesity in a minority of persons with HIV (PWH). As well, in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) class, tenofovir-alafenamide (TAF), often replacing tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (TDF), has been associated with weight gain, a worrying concern in the present worldwide obesogenic environment...