"sepsis"

Introduction Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common neural tube defect, but rarely seen in premature infants. Most centers advocate for closure of MMC within 24 hours of birth. However, this is not always possible in severely premature infants. Given the rarity of this patient population, we aimed to share our institutional experience and outcomes of severely premature infants with MMC. Methods We performed a retrospective, observational review of premature infants (≤ 32 weeks gestational age) identified through our multidisciplinary spina bifida clinic (1995-2021) and surgical logs...

Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens represent urgent threats to human health, and their surveillance is of paramount importance. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) has revolutionized such efforts, but remains challenging due to the lack of open-access bioinformatics tools capable of simultaneously analyzing both microbial and AMR gene sequences. To address this need, we developed the Chan Zuckerberg ID (CZ ID) AMR module, an open-access, cloud-based workflow designed to integrate detection of both microbes and AMR genes in mNGS and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data...

Anorectal infections in neutropenic leukemia patients are a significant and potentially life-threatening complication. The pathogenesis of this condition is not entirely understood and believed to be multifactorial, including mucosal injury as a result of cytotoxic drugs, profound neutropenia and impaired host defense. Establishing an early diagnosis is key and often made clinically on the basis of signs and symptoms, but also from imaging studies demonstrating perianal inflammation or fluid collection. The management of anorectal infections in neutropenic leukemia patients is not straightforward, as there are no well-conducted studies on this entity...

BACKGROUND: With the increasing amount of elective spine fusion patients presenting with cardiac disease and congestive heart failure, it is becoming difficult to assess when it is safe to proceed with surgery. Assessing the severity of heart failure (HF) through ejection fraction may provide insight into patients' short- and long-term risks. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the severity of HF on perioperative outcomes of spine fusion surgery patients...

BACKGROUND: The occurrence and development of sepsis are related to the excessive production of oxygen free radicals and the weakened natural clearance mechanism. Further dependable evidence is required to clarify the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy, especially its impact on short-term mortality. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of common antioxidant therapy on short-term mortality in patients with sepsis...

OBJECTIVES: Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a measure of monocyte anisocytosis. In this study, we assessed the role of MDW, in comparison to C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and lactate, as a screening and prognostic biomarker of sepsis in intensive care unit (ICU) by longitudinally measuring it in the first 5 days of hospital stay. METHODS: We considered all consecutive patients admitted to the ICU. At admission, patients were classified as septic or not according to Sepsis-3 criteria...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The qSOFA and procalcitonin are currently used for both diagnostic as well as prognostic purposes. OBJECTIVE: To explore the combined use of day one procalcitonin level and qSOFA scores for prognostication of sepsis-related mortality Design: This was a prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS: All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for sepsis with an age of more than 16 years were enrolled in the study Results: In this study of 211 patients, 15 patients died (7...

BACKGROUND: Interplay between systemic inflammation and programmed cell death contributes to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). cAMP-regulated transcriptional coactivator 1 (CRTC1) has been involved in the normal function of the pulmonary system, but its role in ALI remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: We generated a Crtc1 knockout (KO; Crtc1-/- ) mouse line. Sepsis-induced ALI was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for 24 h. The data showed that Ctrc1 KO substantially ameliorated CLP-induced ALI phenotypes, including improved lung structure destruction, reduced pulmonary vascular permeability, diminished levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, compared with the wildtype mice...

Sepsis, a severe systemic inflammatory response to infection, remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exosomes, as mediators of intercellular communication, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis through modulating immune responses, metabolic reprogramming, coagulopathy, and organ dysfunction. This review highlights the emerging significance of exosomes in these processes. Initially, it provides an in-depth insight into exosome biogenesis and characterization, laying the groundwork for understanding their diverse and intricate functions...

OBJECTIVES: Severe maxillofacial space infection (MSI) as an end stage of dentoalveolar diseases or complication of sialadenitis is a potentially life-threatening disease accompanied by complications including airway obstruction, jugular vein thrombosis, descending mediastinitis, sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and time trends of severe MSI and potentially influencing factors in the German healthcare system over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nationwide data regarding the national diagnosis-related-group (DRG) inpatient billing system was received from the German Federal Statistical Office...

Previous studies have highlighted the significant role of complement activation in kidney injuries induced by rhabdomyolysis, intravascular hemolysis, sepsis, and ischemia-reperfusion. Nevertheless, the specific role and mechanism of complement activation in acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by wasp venom remain unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the specific complement pathway activated and investigate complement activation in AKI induced by wasp venom. In this study, a complement-depleted mouse model was used to investigate the role of complement in wasp venom-induced AKI...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction (SICD) is a serious complication of sepsis that is associated with increased mortality. Ferroptosis has been reported in the SICD. TaoHe ChengQi decoction (THCQD), a classical traditional Chinese medicinal formula, has multiple beneficial pharmacological effects. The potential effects of THCQD on the SICD remain unknown. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of THCQD on SICD and explore whether this effect is related to the regulation of myocardial ferroptosis through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation...

BACKGROUND: Increased survival rate of extremely preterm children is associated with a higher risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and long-term sequelae, which implicate retinal changes. PURPOSE: To assess an influence of perinatal characteristics on morphology and retinal vascularity of the macula in preterm children. METHODS: A cohort of 123 preterm children at the age of 10.5 years (IQR: 8.12-12.77) was prospectively assessed...

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship between IL and 6 572C/G polymorphism with sepsis. METHODS: Searching 8 databases the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine (CBM), Chongqing VIP, Embase, PubMed, WanFang Data, and Web of Science from inception to October 1, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 15.0. RESULTS: 9 studies were included, 1 study was excluded from the previous meta-analysis, and 6 studies were added...

AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of VC on SIMI in rats. METHODS: In this study, the survival rate of high dose VC for SIMI was evaluated within 7 days. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham group, CLP group, and high dose VC (500 mg/kg i.v.) group. The animals in each group were treated with drugs for 1 day, 3 days or 5 days, respectively. Echocardiography, myocardial enzymes and HE were used to detect cardiac function. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) in serum were measured using ELISA kits...

OBJECTIVES: Sepsis is one of the most common, costly, and misdiagnosed conditions in U.S. emergency departments (EDs). ED providers often treat on nonspecific signs, subjective suspicion, or presumption of infection, resulting in over- and undertreatment. An increased understanding of host response has opened a new direction for sepsis diagnostics. The IntelliSep test is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-cleared cellular host response diagnostic that could help distinguish sepsis in ED settings...

BACKGROUND: The treatment of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) who have preoperative cerebral complications remains less understood. Therefore, this study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with acute IE based on preoperative intracranial findings. METHODS: Of 32 patients with acute IE treated at our hospital between August 2015 and March 2022, 31 patients of whom preoperative intracranial imaging evaluation was available were included in our analysis and compared with those with and without intracranial findings...

Despite a 30% decline in the rate over the last decade, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery remains a common major surgical procedure with significant morbidity and mortality. Chronic liver disease (CLD) patients, with increased survival rates due to medical advancements, are now frequently being considered for CABG, bearing higher perioperative risks. This study investigates the association between CLD and in-hospital outcomes in CABG patients using retrospective data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016-2020) including 7,945 CLD patients undergoing CABG that were propensity score matched with an equivalent number of patients with no CLD undergoing CABG...

BACKGROUND: Severe inflammation and oxidative stress are characteristics of sepsis-associated kidney injury with high morbidity and mortality. Eriocitrin (ERI) has shown promise in suppressing sepsis-associated kidney injury and LPS-induced periodontal disease, however, its efficacy in alleviating SAKI remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of ERI on SAKI through in vivo and in vitro experiments, elucidating its underlying mechanism. METHODS: The therapeutic effects of ERI against SAKI were evaluated by survival rate, changes of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and statistic of renal histological score in a Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice...

Empyema resulting as a complication of penetrating diaphragmatic injuries is a subject that requires further investigation, and the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with empyema in patients with penetrating trauma. Consecutive adult trauma patients from a level 1 trauma center were searched for penetrating diaphragm injuries. Data were collected on patient demographics, pre-existing conditions, injury type and severity, hospital interventions, in-hospital complications, and outcomes...